{"title":"Foreward","authors":"Walter Ricciardi","doi":"10.2427/12847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/12847","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82741647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Ending preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age by 2030 is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. Data from the 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey shows that there has been improvements in some indicators of child health over the years and this has coincided with the widespread demographic changes in family formation. It’s hypothesized that children from monogamous households tend to have much better health outcomes compared to single or polygynous households. This study therefore set out to examine the effect of heterogeneous family structures on early child health. Methods Using data from the 2013-14 ZDHS, the study employed the Kids Recode (KR) data file which contains information about children under the age of five (5) of interviewed women. The analysis was conducted at three levels: descriptive, bivariate and multivariate. Results The study established that family structure had a statistically significant effect on early child health and that there was heterogeneity in the health outcomes of the children from different forms of marriage, with the ever married and polygamous marriage categories showing higher odds of having underweight children. The study also established that mother’s nutrition status, region, sex of child, mother’s age at birth of the child and child vaccination were also among other factors associated with the early child health in Zambia. Conclusion There is need for the government to implement policies that will limit the exposure of children to adverse health which would require more costly interventions later in life.
{"title":"The Heterogeneous Effects of Family Structure on Early Child Health","authors":"M. C. Mulenga","doi":"10.2427/12706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/12706","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background \u0000Ending preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age by 2030 is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. Data from the 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey shows that there has been improvements in some indicators of child health over the years and this has coincided with the widespread demographic changes in family formation. It’s hypothesized that children from monogamous households tend to have much better health outcomes compared to single or polygynous households. This study therefore set out to examine the effect of heterogeneous family structures on early child health. \u0000Methods \u0000Using data from the 2013-14 ZDHS, the study employed the Kids Recode (KR) data file which contains information about children under the age of five (5) of interviewed women. The analysis was conducted at three levels: descriptive, bivariate and multivariate. \u0000 Results \u0000The study established that family structure had a statistically significant effect on early child health and that there was heterogeneity in the health outcomes of the children from different forms of marriage, with the ever married and polygamous marriage categories showing higher odds of having underweight children. The study also established that mother’s nutrition status, region, sex of child, mother’s age at birth of the child and child vaccination were also among other factors associated with the early child health in Zambia. \u0000 Conclusion \u0000There is need for the government to implement policies that will limit the exposure of children to adverse health which would require more costly interventions later in life. \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88421029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Colamesta, Valentina Dugo, D. L. Milia, L. Sommella, G. B. Orsi, Roberto Bucci, C. Vito, G. Torre, P. Laurenti, S. Mancinelli, M. Maurici, G. Damiani, L. Palombi, P. Villari, E. Vito, W. Ricciardi
Background: Progressive patient care (PPC) has been defined as a systematic classification and segregation of patients based on their medical and nursing needs. Aim of the present research was to perform a systematic literature review about existing medical intermediate care unit organizational models and their performance strengths and weaknesses with a specific focus on Italian implementation, respect to US model. Methods: Databases PubMed, Cinahl, Google and Google Scholar were searched until September 2017. The search was limited to Italian and English studies. All study design are included in the review. Results: Ten studies were included in the review. The American studies showed, after the PPC reorganization, an increase in level of satisfaction and nursing care, a reduction in average length of stay, costs and tensions between nurses and an improvement in nurse-physician communication. An Italian study reported the results of a project carried out in three case studies (Forlì, Foligno and Pontedera hospital), redesigning hospital patient flow logistics around the concept of intensity of care: in all three cases, after the reorganization, an increase in bed occupancy rate (before: 71%,81%,65%; after: 78%,84%,82%, respectively) and in hospital case-mix complexity (average DRG weight - before: 0.99,1.07,1.12; after: 1.19,1.09,1.61, respectively) and a reduction in turn-over ratio (before: 2.5,1.4,2.8; after: 1.5,1.2,1.7, respectively) was recorded. Considering Italian healthcare professionals’ point of view, majority of internists supported a hospital remodeling according to PPC model. Conclusions: The PPC model, theorized in US, has found several applications in Italian regional realities. Improvements in quality of care, appropriateness and productivity in healthcare facilities, that adopted the PPC program, were observed.
{"title":"Intermediate care units in progressive patient care model: a systematic literature review","authors":"V. Colamesta, Valentina Dugo, D. L. Milia, L. Sommella, G. B. Orsi, Roberto Bucci, C. Vito, G. Torre, P. Laurenti, S. Mancinelli, M. Maurici, G. Damiani, L. Palombi, P. Villari, E. Vito, W. Ricciardi","doi":"10.2427/12915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/12915","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Progressive patient care (PPC) has been defined as a systematic classification and segregation of patients based on their medical and nursing needs. Aim of the present research was to perform a systematic literature review about existing medical intermediate care unit organizational models and their performance strengths and weaknesses with a specific focus on Italian implementation, respect to US model. \u0000Methods: Databases PubMed, Cinahl, Google and Google Scholar were searched until September 2017. The search was limited to Italian and English studies. All study design are included in the review. \u0000Results: Ten studies were included in the review. The American studies showed, after the PPC reorganization, an increase in level of satisfaction and nursing care, a reduction in average length of stay, costs and tensions between nurses and an improvement in nurse-physician communication. An Italian study reported the results of a project carried out in three case studies (Forlì, Foligno and Pontedera hospital), redesigning hospital patient flow logistics around the concept of intensity of care: in all three cases, after the reorganization, an increase in bed occupancy rate (before: 71%,81%,65%; after: 78%,84%,82%, respectively) and in hospital case-mix complexity (average DRG weight - before: 0.99,1.07,1.12; after: 1.19,1.09,1.61, respectively) and a reduction in turn-over ratio (before: 2.5,1.4,2.8; after: 1.5,1.2,1.7, respectively) was recorded. Considering Italian healthcare professionals’ point of view, majority of internists supported a hospital remodeling according to PPC model. \u0000Conclusions: The PPC model, theorized in US, has found several applications in Italian regional realities. Improvements in quality of care, appropriateness and productivity in healthcare facilities, that adopted the PPC program, were observed. \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91356288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Havi Murad, Samah Hayek, A. Ifrah, T. Shohat, L. Freedman
Background: The World Health Organization recommends at least 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Longitudinal studies facilitate estimation of EBF duration, but often suffer from loss to follow-up and missing information. The study estimates the prevalence of EBF, duration and predictors of EBF duration while adjusting for missing data using multiple imputation (MI). Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on all women giving birth between September 2009-February 2010 in selected hospitals (N=2119). Data on EBF and socio-demographic and other characteristics were collected at birth, and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 months. Information on EBF status and duration was missing for 29%. To deal with missing data, we generated multiple datasets using logistic regression-based MI to impute missing EBF practice, and an accelerated failure time (AFT) model to impute missing duration of EBF. The latter model also identified factors associated with EBF duration. Results: The observed 64% of women practicing EBF (95%CI; 62%-66%) was adjusted, after imputation, to 62% (95%CI; 60%-65%). After imputation, the estimated median time of EBF among women practicing EBF was 4.9 months. Predictors of EBF duration were stated intention to breastfeed, religious observance, and giving formula milk while in hospital. Conclusion: Adjusting estimates of EBF practice and duration using MI is feasible and potentially important. Using an AFT model for EBF duration enables the execution of MI in such studies and allows direct interpretation of the impact of various factors on EBF duration.
{"title":"Extent, duration and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in a longitudinal study: adjusting for missing data using an accelerated failure time model and multiple imputation","authors":"Havi Murad, Samah Hayek, A. Ifrah, T. Shohat, L. Freedman","doi":"10.2427/13008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/13008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: The World Health Organization recommends at least 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Longitudinal studies facilitate estimation of EBF duration, but often suffer from loss to follow-up and missing information. The study estimates the prevalence of EBF, duration and predictors of EBF duration while adjusting for missing data using multiple imputation (MI). \u0000Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted on all women giving birth between September 2009-February 2010 in selected hospitals (N=2119). Data on EBF and socio-demographic and other characteristics were collected at birth, and at 2, 6, 12 and 24 months. Information on EBF status and duration was missing for 29%. To deal with missing data, we generated multiple datasets using logistic regression-based MI to impute missing EBF practice, and an accelerated failure time (AFT) model to impute missing duration of EBF. The latter model also identified factors associated with EBF duration. \u0000Results: The observed 64% of women practicing EBF (95%CI; 62%-66%) was adjusted, after imputation, to 62% (95%CI; 60%-65%). After imputation, the estimated median time of EBF among women practicing EBF was 4.9 months. Predictors of EBF duration were stated intention to breastfeed, religious observance, and giving formula milk while in hospital. \u0000Conclusion: Adjusting estimates of EBF practice and duration using MI is feasible and potentially important. Using an AFT model for EBF duration enables the execution of MI in such studies and allows direct interpretation of the impact of various factors on EBF duration. \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"390 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76578345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The European network staff eXchange for integrAting precision health in the health Care sysTems (ExACT): a Marie Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) project","authors":"S. Boccia, R. Pastorino, M. Mariani, W. Ricciardi","doi":"10.2427/13122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/13122","url":null,"abstract":" ","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91271410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Egypt is one of the most populous countries in the Middle East and Africa. Evidence from developing countries revealed that increasing family planning use is associated with substantial declines in fertility and population growth. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementing a multisectoral intervention model on the family planning utilization at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level in a priority district, Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted from July 2016 to September 2016. The model targeted 10 PHC units out of 23 at Tamia district, with two types of interventions; health sector and non-health sector related interventions carried out in the intervention units and their catchment areas. The family planning utilization of the intervention units (n=10) was compared to the control units (n=13). Additionally, the overall family planning utilization at the district level was measured. Results: Following the implementation of the interventions, the overall family planning utilization at the district level showed a significant increase in mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) of new family planning clients (44.4±11.0vs. 63.3±13.8; P= 0.006) recording 43% change. The mean ± SEM of intrauterine devices dispensed from the intervention units significantly increased by 391% (3.5±1.0 vs. 17.2±3.3; P=0.002). Findings from the control units didn't reveal significant increase regarding the dispense of any family planning method. Conclusion: Mobilizing and optimizing resources use, empowering district authorities and strengthening collaboration across sectors were key drivers of the success of this model in scaling up family planning services utilization.
背景:埃及是中东和非洲人口最多的国家之一。来自发展中国家的证据表明，计划生育使用的增加与生育率和人口增长的大幅下降有关。本研究的目的是评估在埃及法尤姆省一个重点地区实施多部门干预模式对初级卫生保健(PHC)一级计划生育利用的影响。方法:2016年7月~ 2016年9月采用准实验设计。该模式针对塔米亚县23个初级保健单位中的10个，采取两种干预措施;在干预单位及其集水区开展与卫生部门和非卫生部门有关的干预。将干预单位(n=10)与对照单位(n=13)的计划生育利用率进行比较。此外，还测量了地区一级计划生育的总体利用情况。结果:干预措施实施后，区级计划生育总体利用率显著提高，新增计划生育客户的均数±标准误差(SEM)为44.4±11.0vs。63.3±13.8;P= 0.006)，变化43%。干预单元配发的宫内节育器平均±SEM显著增加391%(3.5±1.0 vs. 17.2±3.3;P = 0.002)。控制单位的调查结果没有显示任何计划生育方法的使用有显著增加。结论:动员和优化资源利用、赋予地区当局权力和加强跨部门合作是该模式在扩大计划生育服务利用方面取得成功的关键驱动因素。
{"title":"A multi-sectoral intervention model to scale up family planning services utilization at the primary health care level: evidence from a priority district, Fayoum governorate, Egypt","authors":"N. M. Elden, W. Khairy, Tarek Tawfik Amin","doi":"10.2427/12990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/12990","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Egypt is one of the most populous countries in the Middle East and Africa. Evidence from developing countries revealed that increasing family planning use is associated with substantial declines in fertility and population growth. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementing a multisectoral intervention model on the family planning utilization at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level in a priority district, Fayoum governorate, Egypt. \u0000Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted from July 2016 to September 2016. The model targeted 10 PHC units out of 23 at Tamia district, with two types of interventions; health sector and non-health sector related interventions carried out in the intervention units and their catchment areas. The family planning utilization of the intervention units (n=10) was compared to the control units (n=13). Additionally, the overall family planning utilization at the district level was measured. \u0000Results: Following the implementation of the interventions, the overall family planning utilization at the district level showed a significant increase in mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) of new family planning clients (44.4±11.0vs. 63.3±13.8; P= 0.006) recording 43% change. The mean ± SEM of intrauterine devices dispensed from the intervention units significantly increased by 391% (3.5±1.0 vs. 17.2±3.3; P=0.002). Findings from the control units didn't reveal significant increase regarding the dispense of any family planning method. \u0000Conclusion: Mobilizing and optimizing resources use, empowering district authorities and strengthening collaboration across sectors were key drivers of the success of this model in scaling up family planning services utilization. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"52 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87699868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khatatbeh, Sireen M Alkhaldi, Y. Khader, W. Momani, O. Omari, K. Kheirallah, Laila Matalqa, N. Bataineh, M. Bashtawy, Ghaith Al-Taani
Tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever encountered. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of nicotine dependence among university students in Jordan and assess factors associated with this dependence. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted among university students from 3 public and 3 private universities selected for their convenience from central, middle, and east Jordan via administering a questionnaire between October 2016 and January 2017. The total number of participants was 892. The overall nicotine dependence was 51.2%. Correlates to nicotine dependence were studying at an undergraduate level (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.4-8.1); studying humanities (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1); existing of a smoking family member (OR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.5-1.9); starting smoking before age of 15 years (OR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1); water pipe smoking (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0); and studying at governmental universities (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). Several socio-demographic characteristics had an impact on nicotine dependence. Future research is necessary to further improve our understanding of motives for smoking and dependence.
{"title":"Prevalence of nicotine dependence among university students in Jordan: a cross-sectional study","authors":"M. Khatatbeh, Sireen M Alkhaldi, Y. Khader, W. Momani, O. Omari, K. Kheirallah, Laila Matalqa, N. Bataineh, M. Bashtawy, Ghaith Al-Taani","doi":"10.2427/13075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/13075","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever encountered. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of nicotine dependence among university students in Jordan and assess factors associated with this dependence. \u0000A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling was conducted among university students from 3 public and 3 private universities selected for their convenience from central, middle, and east Jordan via administering a questionnaire between October 2016 and January 2017. The total number of participants was 892. \u0000The overall nicotine dependence was 51.2%. Correlates to nicotine dependence were studying at an undergraduate level (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.4-8.1); studying humanities (OR=1.73; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1); existing of a smoking family member (OR=1.63; 95% CI: 1.5-1.9); starting smoking before age of 15 years (OR=1.60; 95% CI: 1.2-2.1); water pipe smoking (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0); and studying at governmental universities (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.0-1.8). \u0000Several socio-demographic characteristics had an impact on nicotine dependence. Future research is necessary to further improve our understanding of motives for smoking and dependence. \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74861115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background The problem of variable selection for risk factor modeling is an ongoing challenge in statistical practice. Classical methods that select one subset of exploratory risk factors dominate the medical research field. However, this approach has been criticized for not taking into account the uncertainty of the model selection process itself. This limitation can be addressed by a Bayesian model averaging approach: instead of focusing on a single model and a few factors, Bayesian model averaging considers all the models with non-negligible probabilities to make inference. Methods This paper reports on a simulation study designed to emulate a matched case-control study and compares classical versus Bayesian model averaging selection methods. We used Matthews's correlation coefficient to measure the quality of binary classifications. Both classical and Bayesian model averaging were also applied and compared for the analysis of a matched case-control study of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections after hospital discharge 2011-2013. Results Bayesian model averaging outperformed the classical approach with much lower false positive rates and higher Matthew's correlation scores. Bayesian model averaging also produced more reliable and robust effect estimates. Conclusion Bayesian model averaging is a conceptually simple, unified approach that produces robust results. It can be used to replace controversial P-values for case-control study in medical research.
{"title":"Bayesian model averaging: improved variable selection for matched case-control studies.","authors":"Yi Mu, I. See, J. Edwards","doi":"10.2427/13048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/13048","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000The problem of variable selection for risk factor modeling is an ongoing challenge in statistical practice. Classical methods that select one subset of exploratory risk factors dominate the medical research field. However, this approach has been criticized for not taking into account the uncertainty of the model selection process itself. This limitation can be addressed by a Bayesian model averaging approach: instead of focusing on a single model and a few factors, Bayesian model averaging considers all the models with non-negligible probabilities to make inference.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000This paper reports on a simulation study designed to emulate a matched case-control study and compares classical versus Bayesian model averaging selection methods. We used Matthews's correlation coefficient to measure the quality of binary classifications. Both classical and Bayesian model averaging were also applied and compared for the analysis of a matched case-control study of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections after hospital discharge 2011-2013.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Bayesian model averaging outperformed the classical approach with much lower false positive rates and higher Matthew's correlation scores. Bayesian model averaging also produced more reliable and robust effect estimates.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Bayesian model averaging is a conceptually simple, unified approach that produces robust results. It can be used to replace controversial P-values for case-control study in medical research.","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78827216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Greece exhibits one of the highest rates of deaths and injuries due to motor vehicle crashes in young adults in Europe. The personal, social and financial cost is still very high as road traffic crashes account for 65.8% of all deaths among young people aged 10-24 years, with prominent gender differences that are not fully explained yet. Methods: using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, we examined the associations of seatbelt and helmet use with the likelihood of manifesting multiple driving violations (fail to stop at STOP signs, running red traffic lights, driving towards the wrong direction, illegal overtaking, speeding, cellphone use while driving, driving under the influence of alcohol) in a sample of 536 1st year university students in Greece. A ‘Risky Driving Index’ score (RDI) was produced by summing the frequencies of all behaviours (range 0-28). Results: only 8.8% of the students reported not performing any of the driving violations, whereas 8.6% engaged in all 7 of them when driving (male: 11.5%; female: 1.9%; score>8, male: 31.7%; female: 8.1%). Male, but not female participants, who never used seatbelts and helmets, reported significantly higher RDI scores with evidence of a dose-response effect in the increase. In adjusted logistic regression models, those who never used (vs regular use) seat belt ‘as drivers’ and ‘as rear seat passengers’ had increased odds of being in the higher score category of RDI (OR=5.239 95%CI=1.280-21.441 and OR=6.782 95%CI=1.891-24.324, respectively). Conclusion: young male drivers and riders, but not their female counterparts, that do not take typical safety measures (seatbelt and helmet use), reported more illegal and risky driving behaviours. Preventive interventions using a gender-informed approach are needed to address co-occurring risk driving behaviours.
{"title":"Co-occurence of risky driving behaviours and associations with seatbelt and helmet use - a descriptive cross-sectional study among young adults","authors":"G. Kritsotakis, M. Papadakaki, Raymond Tumwesigye","doi":"10.2427/13041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/13041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Background: Greece exhibits one of the highest rates of deaths and injuries due to motor vehicle crashes in young adults in Europe. The personal, social and financial cost is still very high as road traffic crashes account for 65.8% of all deaths among young people aged 10-24 years, with prominent gender differences that are not fully explained yet. \u0000Methods: using a descriptive cross-sectional study design, we examined the associations of seatbelt and helmet use with the likelihood of manifesting multiple driving violations (fail to stop at STOP signs, running red traffic lights, driving towards the wrong direction, illegal overtaking, speeding, cellphone use while driving, driving under the influence of alcohol) in a sample of 536 1st year university students in Greece. A ‘Risky Driving Index’ score (RDI) was produced by summing the frequencies of all behaviours (range 0-28). \u0000Results: only 8.8% of the students reported not performing any of the driving violations, whereas 8.6% engaged in all 7 of them when driving (male: 11.5%; female: 1.9%; score>8, male: 31.7%; female: 8.1%). Male, but not female participants, who never used seatbelts and helmets, reported significantly higher RDI scores with evidence of a dose-response effect in the increase. In adjusted logistic regression models, those who never used (vs regular use) seat belt ‘as drivers’ and ‘as rear seat passengers’ had increased odds of being in the higher score category of RDI (OR=5.239 95%CI=1.280-21.441 and OR=6.782 95%CI=1.891-24.324, respectively). \u0000Conclusion: young male drivers and riders, but not their female counterparts, that do not take typical safety measures (seatbelt and helmet use), reported more illegal and risky driving behaviours. Preventive interventions using a gender-informed approach are needed to address co-occurring risk driving behaviours. \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75881101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miscarriages account for about one in six/one in seven pregnancies, and probably over one in five excluding induced abortions, i.e. over 20 million events per year. However, any precise and valid estimate is made difficult by uncertainties in diagnosis, ascertainment, distinction in registration between induced and spontaneous abortions, and certification. These uncertainties vary across geographic region, country and socio-economic status...
{"title":"Epidemiology of miscarriage","authors":"C. la Vecchia","doi":"10.2427/13210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2427/13210","url":null,"abstract":"Miscarriages account for about one in six/one in seven pregnancies, and probably over one in five excluding induced abortions, i.e. over 20 million events per year. However, any precise and valid estimate is made difficult by uncertainties in diagnosis, ascertainment, distinction in registration between induced and spontaneous abortions, and certification. These uncertainties vary across geographic region, country and socio-economic status...","PeriodicalId":45811,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75643831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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