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Anticipating Illness: The Illusion of Health in Knock ou Le Triomphe de la Médicine 预知疾病:《敲开凯旋门》中的健康幻觉
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907151
Avril Tynan
Abstract: Knock ou Le Triomphe de la Médicine [ Knock, or the Triumph of Medicine ] (1923) is a satirical play by Jules Romains parodying the hierarchical power relationship between patient and doctor and the supposed infallibility of science in the early twentieth century. Drawing on the phenomenological work of German physician Herbert Plügge (1970), I argue that the play exploits the physical interconnections between the healthy body and the sick body to present health as a deceptive state of hidden or imminent illness. By anticipating illness, the play shatters the illusion of health in ways that are ethically, psychosocially, and biomedically salient.
摘要:《敲门,医学的胜利》(1923)是儒勒·罗曼斯的一部讽刺剧,讽刺了20世纪初医患之间的等级权力关系和所谓的科学绝对正确。根据德国医生赫伯特·普莱格(Herbert plelgge, 1970)的现象学研究,我认为这部剧利用了健康的身体和生病的身体之间的物理联系,将健康呈现为一种隐藏或迫在眉睫的疾病的欺骗性状态。通过预测疾病,该剧以伦理、心理社会和生物医学上显著的方式打破了健康的幻觉。
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引用次数: 0
Contributors 贡献者
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907155
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引用次数: 0
Literature: Why It Matters by Robert Eaglestone (review) 文学:为什么重要罗伯特·伊格尔斯通(评论)
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907152
Aihua Chen
Reviewed by: Literature: Why It Matters by Robert Eaglestone Aihua Chen Eaglestone, Robert. Literature: Why It Matters. Polity Press, 2019. 123pp. Is literature a worthy topic of study in an era fixated on science, technology, and information? This has become a subject of debate in recent years, especially as enrollment in college literature courses has declined. J. Hillis Miller has noted that “all who love literature are collectively anxious today about whether literature matters” (13), insisting that it does since it has “three essential human functions: social critique, the pleasure of the text, and allowing a materialization of the imaginary or an endless approach to the unapproachable imaginary” (31). Other literary scholars concur with Miller, though from differing perspectives, including Dennis J. Sumara in Why Reading Literature in School Still Matters (2002) and Mark William Roche in Why Literature Matters in the 21st Century (2004). In his recent monograph, Literature: Why It Matters, Robert Eaglestone joins this discussion, offering a timely and judiciously formulated manifesto in defense of literary studies that is groundbreaking in the way it treats literature as a living object whose study can inspire ongoing conversation. Eaglestone presents his argument in four segments: “What is Literature?” “Studying Literature,” “Why Does Literature Matter?” and “What Does Literature Teach?” In his first chapter, Eaglestone reveals the limitations of traditional approaches to defining literature as fiction and narrative, that is, as something “made up.” He argues instead that literature is undefinable and exists as a kind of “living conversation” (6). For Eaglestone, literature, like a conversation, is a form of communication among many parties. In this case, the conversation engages the text, the reader, and the author in discussions of nearly everything. Learning about literature involves understanding the form of that discussion in the same way one comes to understand how speakers create meaning in dialogue with one another. And like conversation, readers’ creative response to a literary text fully engages their minds, their hearts, their feelings about the past, and their hopes for the future. In Eaglestone’s view, literature is “not timeless but time-full.” It involves “a past, visible in various ways, including the historical context of a work and the ‘family trees’ of influence and genre; a person (it’s always read now); and a future (that would be you, joining [End Page 118] the conversation)” (20). As in actual conversation, questions of equality and freedom matter a great deal since “literature is a crucial part of our constant dialogue about humanity’s ever-changing self-understanding — not about what we are but about who we are” (22). In the second chapter, Eaglestone asks questions concerning how we go about “Studying Literature.” Here, he extends the metaphor introduced in the preceding chapter of literature constituting a living
书评:《文学:为什么重要》作者:Robert Eaglestone陈爱华。文学:为什么重要?政治出版社,2019。123页。在一个关注科学、技术和信息的时代,文学是一个值得研究的话题吗?近年来,这已经成为一个争论的话题,尤其是在大学文学课程的入学率下降的情况下。j·希利斯·米勒(J. Hillis Miller)注意到,“所有热爱文学的人今天都集体焦虑文学是否重要”(13),坚持认为文学确实重要,因为它具有“三个基本的人类功能:社会批判,文本的乐趣,以及允许想象的物化或对不可接近的想象的无限接近”(31)。其他文学学者同意米勒的观点,尽管他们的观点不同,包括丹尼斯·j·苏马拉的《为什么在学校读文学仍然很重要》(2002年)和马克·威廉·罗奇的《为什么文学在21世纪很重要》(2004年)。在他最近的专著《文学:为什么重要》中,罗伯特·伊格尔斯通加入了这一讨论,为文学研究提供了一个及时而明智的宣言,它开创性地将文学视为一个活生生的对象,其研究可以激发持续的对话。伊格尔斯通将他的观点分为四个部分:“什么是文学?《文学研究》、《文学为什么重要?》和“文学教什么?”在他的第一章中,Eaglestone揭示了将文学定义为小说和叙事的传统方法的局限性,也就是说,作为“编造”的东西。相反,他认为文学是不可定义的,是作为一种“活的对话”而存在的(6)。对伊格尔斯通来说,文学就像对话一样,是多方之间的一种交流形式。在这种情况下,对话使文本、读者和作者参与讨论几乎所有的事情。学习文学包括理解讨论的形式,就像理解说话者如何在彼此的对话中创造意义一样。就像谈话一样,读者对文学文本的创造性反应充分调动了他们的思想、心灵、对过去的感受和对未来的希望。在伊格尔斯通看来,文学“不是永恒的,而是充满时间的”。它涉及“以各种方式可见的过去,包括作品的历史背景和影响和流派的‘家谱’;一个人(现在总是读);和一个未来(那就是你,加入对话)”(20)。就像在实际对话中一样,平等和自由的问题非常重要,因为“文学是我们关于人类不断变化的自我理解的持续对话的关键部分——不是关于我们是什么,而是关于我们是谁”(22)。在第二章中,Eaglestone提出了关于我们如何进行“文学研究”的问题。在这里,他扩展了前一章中介绍的隐喻,文学构成了一个活生生的对话。他提出了四种追求文学研究的方式:作为对话和异议,作为一种不同的教育模式,作为一种“行动中的知识”,作为一种工艺和活动。伊格尔斯通认为,文学研究是一种持续的对话,其“目的是帮助我们对所研究的文本产生持续的分歧,从而扎根、探索和发展我们自己的自我和独特性”(29-30)。他引用了f·r·里维斯、q·d·里维斯、约翰·克劳·兰森、米哈伊尔·巴赫金和阿瑟·阿普尔比等观点各异的批评家来支持他的观点。他进一步引用了巴西教育家和活动家保罗·弗莱雷的批判性教育学概念,形成了文学研究提供了一种不同的教育模式的观点。Freire没有遵循积累知识然后将其分配给学生的“银行”模式,而是“坚持教学必须是一种对话”(32)。伊格尔斯通认为,文学研究符合弗莱雷对一种不同形式教育的愿景的核心形象,因为“在文学讨论中,每个人,无论是教师还是学生,都把自己、自己的想法、创造力和理解带到讨论中,并通过对话创造新的知识”(33)。至于文学研究是一种“行动中的知识”,伊格尔斯通引用了美国教育理论家阿瑟·阿普尔比的研究《课程作为对话》(1996),进一步强调了隐喻发现和细读在进行这种批判性学习中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Breathe 作品简介:呼吸
IF 0.3 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900520
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引用次数: 0
Impersonal Belongings: Annie Ernaux’s Poetics of Chiffonnage 非个人物品:安妮·埃诺的雪纺诗学
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907147
Gai Farchi
Abstract: Contemporary French author Annie Ernaux makes salvaging, recycling, and defying obsolescence into a materialist poetics. Ernaux aligns her textual collages with a late-capitalist incarnation of the Parisian ragpicker. The overlap of the two main tropes in Ernaux’s oeuvre, the axis of reminiscence (embodied here mainly in the works The Years and A Girl’s Story ) and the axis of everyday experience in late capitalistic Paris and its suburbs ( Exteriors , Things Seen ), assemble into a poetics of chiffonnage . In both axes, residues of the everyday are recycled into writing, an effort that reframes the tradition of ragpicking from its context in nineteenth-century Paris into a discourse of waste and recycling.
摘要:法国当代作家安妮·埃诺将抢救、回收和反抗过时变成了一种唯物主义的诗学。埃诺将她的文字拼贴画与巴黎拾荒者的晚期资本主义化身保持一致。埃诺作品中的两个主要比喻,回忆的轴心(主要体现在作品《岁月》和《一个女孩的故事》中)和资本主义晚期巴黎及其郊区的日常经验的轴心(《外部》、《所见之物》)重叠在一起,形成了一种薄纱的诗学。在这两个轴线上,日常生活的残余物都被回收到文字中,这一努力将拾荒的传统从19世纪巴黎的语境中重新塑造成一种关于废物和回收的话语。
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引用次数: 0
Parasites, Viruses, and Baisetioles : Poetry as Viral Language 寄生虫、病毒和寄生虫:作为病毒语言的诗歌
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907148
Philip Mills
Abstract: Austin’s (in)famous characterization of poetry as parasitical has been subject to many interpretations, from Derrida’s considering it a limit of and a central problem in Austin’s theory to Cavell’s attempt to reintegrate poetic uses of language within the framework of Ordinary Language Philosophy. In this essay, I argue that poetry, rather than being excluded from the realm of the performative, can be considered as a performative dispositif that acts upon ordinary language and, through it, upon our forms of life. To reevaluate poetry, I suggest moving from the ‘parasite’ metaphor (poetry is passively feeding on ordinary uses of language) to a ‘virus’ metaphor (poetry is actively disrupting ordinary uses of language). By building on works of French theorists and poets Christophe Hanna, Franck Leibovici, and Manuel Joseph among others, I explore how poetry reveals the virality of language.
摘要:奥斯丁著名的“诗是寄生的”这一特征受到了许多解释,从德里达认为这是奥斯丁理论的一个限制和中心问题,到卡维尔试图在日常语言哲学的框架内重新整合语言的诗意使用。在这篇文章中,我认为诗歌,而不是被排除在表演的领域之外,可以被认为是一种表演的决定因素,它作用于日常语言,并通过它作用于我们的生活形式。为了重新评价诗歌,我建议从“寄生虫”隐喻(诗歌被动地以语言的普通用途为食)转向“病毒”隐喻(诗歌积极地破坏语言的普通用途)。通过法国理论家和诗人克里斯托夫·汉纳、弗兰克·莱博维奇和曼努埃尔·约瑟夫等人的作品,我探索诗歌如何揭示语言的病毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Cultural Necromancy: Digital Resurrection and Hegemonic Incorporation 文化巫术:数字复活与霸权整合
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907150
Ryan Prewitt, Max Accardi
Abstract: This essay follows the recent discourse on two phenomena: the tendency of hegemony to incorporate subversive cultures, and the digital reanimation of prominent dead people. At the intersection of these phenomena lies what we call “cultural necromancy,” a special case of hegemonic incorporation that aesthetically manipulates the physical presence of a deceased figure in the service of power. This essay explores historical analogues to cultural necromancy and how the digital age has accelerated the process through examples ranging from medieval saints to Lenin’s mausoleum to the Tupac hologram. It then examines cultural necromancy’s implications for counterculture and resistance.
摘要:本文对霸权主义倾向与颠覆性文化的融合,以及杰出人物的数字化复活这两种现象进行了探讨。在这些现象的交叉点存在着我们所谓的“文化巫术”,这是一种霸权结合的特殊情况,它在为权力服务的过程中,从美学上操纵已故人物的身体存在。本文探讨了文化巫术的历史类比,以及数字时代如何通过从中世纪圣人到列宁陵墓再到图帕克全息图的例子加速了这一进程。然后探讨了文化巫术对反文化和抵抗的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Partial Truth (Poems 2015–19) by Christopher Norris (review) 克里斯托弗·诺里斯的《部分真相》(2015-19)(书评)
3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a907153
Niall Gildea
Reviewed by: A Partial Truth (Poems 2015–19) by Christopher Norris Niall Gildea Norris, Christopher. A Partial Truth (Poems 2015–19). The Seventh Quarry Press, 2019. 133pp. “No interval but some event takes place.” (Norris, “Freeze-Frame,” A Partial Truth) A Partial Truth, a collection of thirty-seven pieces, is the seventh volume of poetry by philosopher and literary theorist Christopher Norris. Nobody familiar with Norris’s distinguished career will be surprised to learn that his recent turn to versification is not a repudiation of intellectual and rhetorical seriousness, but a re-emphasis of the same using resources not typically found in academic prose. Norris, an interdisciplinarian long before that term became a slogan, has in his work clocked up considerable epistemological mileage across diverse terrain, his critical friendship with deconstruction leading him to important interventions in analytic and Continental philosophy, institutional critique, philosophy of science and mathematics, legal studies, music, politics and, after all, creative criticism. Creative criticism is a relatively embryonic genre, until recently typified generally by a prose that owes a debt to Jacques Derrida’s Cir-confession, Glas and La carte postale. This is a style that foregrounds the philosophical unsaid – the repressed autobiographical, desirous, and otherwise messy constituents of that canon. It does so in part by jettisoning the academic politesse, and let’s say timidity, which help maintain such statutes of limitation. In a more specific way, creative criticism may be understood as a Romantic development set in train by the “Yale School” of deconstruction and its fellow travelers, straining in their own ways against the subordinate role of the reader and critic instituted by the likes of Matthew Arnold and T. S. Eliot. In the foreword to his 2017 volume The Winnowing Fan, Norris at once compliments this “strong” critical rebelliousness (xii), and critiques its ecstatic, quasi-apocalyptic hubris, provisionally aligning his own creative criticism with the “poetic diction” (xxi) of eighteenth-century figures such as Dryden and Pope. It is an analogy with caveats – not least Norris’s stated allergy to the “air of arrogance” (Tempus-Fugitives ix) of [End Page 122] their heavily end-stopped tendentiousness – but one which schematizes a poetics that both carries a definite argument and could not make this argument otherwise than in a manner reliant on verse’s formal properties. Note, however, the fact that Norris takes his distance from both strong criticism and those eighteenth-century essayists on the grounds of their shared self-assurance. A steadier presiding influence is William Empson, whose enmity towards Eliotic New Criticism, which “fixes a prescriptive gulf between poetry and other kinds of discourse,” makes him a political forebear, dissenting from modern forms of literary historical doctrinalism, specifically “that whole anti-rationalist complex of i
书评:克里斯托弗·诺里斯的《部分真相》(诗歌2015-19)部分真相(诗歌2015-19)。第七采石场出版社,2019。133页。“没有间隔,但发生了一些事件。(诺里斯,《定格》,《部分真理》)《部分真理》是哲学家、文学理论家克里斯托弗·诺里斯的第七部诗集,共37篇。熟悉诺里斯杰出职业生涯的人都不会惊讶地发现,他最近转向诗歌并不是对智力和修辞严肃性的否定,而是重新强调了同样的东西,使用了在学术散文中通常找不到的资源。早在这个词成为一个口号之前,诺里斯就已经是一个跨学科的人了,在他的工作中,他在不同的领域积累了相当多的认识论里程,他与解构主义的批判友谊使他在分析哲学和欧陆哲学、制度批判、科学哲学和数学、法律研究、音乐、政治,以及创造性批评方面进行了重要的干预。创造性批评是一种相对萌芽的体裁,直到最近才以雅克·德里达(Jacques Derrida)的《自白》(cirl -confession)、《玻璃》(Glas)和《邮政菜单》(La carte postale)的散文为代表。这是一种突出哲学的未言说的风格——被压抑的自传体、欲望和其他混乱的经典成分。它之所以能做到这一点,部分原因是抛弃了学术上的礼貌,让我们说胆怯,这有助于维持这种诉讼时效。从更具体的角度来看,创造性批评可以被理解为一种浪漫主义的发展,它是由解构主义的“耶鲁学派”及其同行者设定的,他们以自己的方式与马修·阿诺德(Matthew Arnold)和t·s·艾略特(T. S. Eliot)等人建立的读者和评论家的从属角色作斗争。在他2017年出版的《扇子》一书的前言中,诺里斯立即赞扬了这种“强烈的”批判叛逆(第十二章),并批评了其狂喜的、准世界末日的傲慢,暂时将他自己的创造性批评与18世纪人物(如德莱顿和蒲伯)的“诗意措辞”(二十一章)结合起来。这是一个与警告的类比-不仅仅是诺里斯对“傲慢的空气”的过敏(tempuss -逃犯ix)[结束页122]他们的严重结束的倾向-但是一个图式化的诗学,既带有明确的论点,也不能做出这种论点,除非以一种依赖于诗歌形式属性的方式。然而,请注意,诺里斯与强烈的批评和那些18世纪的散文家都保持距离,因为他们都有自信。一个更稳定的主导影响是威廉·恩普森,他对艾略特新批评主义的敌意,艾略特新批评主义“在诗歌和其他类型的话语之间固定了一条规定性的鸿沟”,使他成为一个政治先驱,反对现代形式的文学历史教条主义,特别是“整个反理性主义的复杂思想,使诗歌和非诗歌语言之间的不连续性成为美学,伦理和(尽管很少宣传这样)社会政治原则的陈词滥调”(天普斯-逃亡者xix-xx)。诺里斯并不是Empson的直接弟子,他认为德里达和诺里斯曾经邀请他阅读的其他“可怕的法国人”“从简单的道德或社会角度来看,非常令人厌恶,以至于我无法忍受他们”(qtd)。在哈芬登52)。然而,诺里斯的诗文批评和散文批评的一个不变的品质是,当涉及到现代欧洲思想的更深奥或直接浮夸的飞地时,他的解释是受欢迎的冷静。《部分真理》和诺里斯的诗集都明确地概述了他的诗歌是如何对当代诗歌的日记式、含糊不清的懒散做出反应的;但他转向诗歌是否也表明了他对当代理论的某种反应呢?《部分真理》的前言谦虚地写道:“如果这些诗有任何独特的优点,那么它就在于以一种方式处理有趣的想法,这种方式运用了某种正式的手段来描绘复杂性和进一步的含义,这是散文无法达到的。”我们将具体说明形式和话语复杂性之间的关系,但是现在,值得提出的是诺里斯对历史上可识别的诗歌形式的承诺排除了他的拐弯抹角,争论不定的性格。
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引用次数: 0
After Extinction ed. by Richard Grusin, and: Anthropocene Poetics: Deep Time, Sacrifice Zones and Extinction by David Farrier (review) 理查德·格鲁辛主编的《灭绝之后》和大卫·法里尔的《人类世诗学:深时间、牺牲地带和灭绝》(回顾版)
IF 0.3 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2022.0022
C. Crews
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引用次数: 0
Ferrante’s Neapolitan Quartet: Rebuilding the Bildungsroman 费兰特的那不勒斯四重奏:成长小说的重建
IF 0.3 3区 文学 0 LITERATURE Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1353/sub.2022.0028
Ellen Spolsky
Abstract:Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan Quartet – an almost continuous rave of interconnected love and desire, anger and violence – is also a story of the protagonist’s struggle to make sense of her life by writing it. She turns a traditional genre of a young person’s coming of age into a neurologically realistic portrait of the growth of an artist by multiplying narrative voices and by ignoring conventional bounds of narrative probability. Her story of the growth of a creative mind adumbrates well the picture of brains and their processes currently being described and developed as a “predictive processing” model. Work in neurobiology and neurophysiology has been producing empirical demonstrations of the centrality of failure to successful human cognition.
摘要:埃琳娜·费兰特(Elena Ferrante)的《那不勒斯四重奏》(Neapolitan Quartet)是一部几乎持续不断的爱与欲望、愤怒与暴力交织的作品,也是主人公努力通过写作来理解自己生活的故事。她通过增加叙事声音和忽略叙事概率的传统界限,将一个年轻人成长的传统流派转变为一个艺术家成长的神经现实主义画像。她关于创造性思维成长的故事很好地预示了大脑及其过程的图景,目前正被描述和开发为“预测处理”模型。神经生物学和神经生理学的工作已经产生了失败对人类成功认知的中心作用的经验证明。
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