Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900549
Néhémy Pierre-Dahomey, D. F. Bell
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Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900566
R. Scullion
In 1947, Winston Churchill looked out on the ruin in which Europe lay after the experience of totalitarian rule the continent had just survived and famously remarked: “Many forms of government have been tried, and will be tried in this world of sin and woe. No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government, except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time” (1). This commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of SubStance’s founding offers an opportunity to reflect on the perils of our contemporary world where we are seeing actual and aspiring autocrats assailing democratic rule with a vigor not seen in the Western world since the interwar years. Here in the US, concerns about the erosion of democratic norms and institutions have been heightened by the Ubu-esque ambitions of a singular political personality who has worked intently in recent years to bend a 246-year-old constitutional republic to his will. Upon closer observation, though, it becomes clear that democratic principles and the notions of equality and social solidarity that undergird them have been eroding for decades. These values are now being openly spurned, not just on the margins of political life but in the mainstream as well where, in some quarters, minority power-grabs are the order of the day and a whiff of autocracy hangs in the air. Is it not time to ponder whether the aspirations that spurred the imagination of masses of youth the world over a half century ago have been slowly but surely asphyxiated by an emboldened far right whose ambition over the past five decades has been to quash the “spirit of ‘68” and its expansive vision of what life in a true democracy could be? With respect to the topic at hand, clarity of historical hindsight reveals that at the very moment SubStance and other like-minded sites of inquiry were setting out to challenge orthodoxies of all intellectual sorts, the seeds of this now resurgent authoritarianism had been planted and were already beginning to sprout. The rupture in the status quo which the generation of ‘68 introduced was impelled by its fervent desire to reinvent democratic life and to imagine bold new forms of human emancipation, expression and collective
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Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900538
Elisabeth Weber
In her book Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants, Robin W. Kimmerer contrasts two creation stories that are thoroughly incompatible. One starts with an all-powerful male creator calling the world and its vegetation and animals into existence through words, and forming the first human beings from clay; the other starts with Skywoman tumbling through the air with seeds in her fist from the Tree of Life growing in Skyworld. One ends with the condemnation of woman to give birth in “very severe” pains, with the cursing of the ground ordered to “produce thorns and thistles” as punishment for man who will eat his food only after “painful toil,” and the expulsion from the garden; the other ends in gratitude for the collective caring of the animals, with the creation of “a garden for the well-being of all.” One includes an original fall from grace whose burden will be passed down from generation to generation; the other acknowledges suffering without a trace of the burden of unearned guilt. One predicts death as a return to the dust from whence mankind was created; the other imagines death as becoming plant and fruit, as becoming gift, a rejoining the spirits of all ancestors, human and others, who surround the living in everything that is. The threat of one is the inexorability of a trajectory “from dust to dust” and the latter’s association, with Plato, of something so diffuse that it doesn’t merit a concept or idea; the promise of the other is an abiding relationship with all that is, the reciprocity of giving and gratitude, and the gladly assumed responsibility for the “inspirited” land. Kimmerer comments:
Robin W.Kimmerer在她的《编织芳草：本土智慧、科学知识和植物的教学》一书中对比了两个完全不兼容的创作故事。一个是从一个全能的男性创造者开始，通过文字呼唤世界及其植被和动物的存在，并从粘土中形成第一个人类；另一个故事开始于天空女战士在空中翻滚，她的拳头里拿着天空世界中生长的生命之树上的种子。一个以谴责妇女在“非常严重”的痛苦中分娩而告终，诅咒地上“长出荆棘和蓟”，作为对只有在“痛苦的劳动”后才会吃东西的男人的惩罚，并将其逐出花园；另一个目的是感谢对动物的集体照顾，创造了“一个让所有人都幸福的花园”。一个包括最初的失宠，他的负担将代代相传；另一方承认痛苦，丝毫没有不劳而获的内疚感。有人预言死亡是回到人类诞生的尘埃中；另一种将死亡想象成植物和水果，想象成礼物，重新加入所有祖先、人类和其他人的灵魂，他们围绕着生命的一切。其中一种的威胁是“从尘埃到尘埃”的轨迹是不可阻挡的，后者与柏拉图的联系是如此分散，以至于不值得一个概念或想法；对方的承诺是与一切的永恒关系，也就是说，给予和感激的互惠，以及对“受鼓舞”的土地欣然承担的责任。Kimmerer评论：
{"title":"\"Everything is Breath\": Critical Plant Studies' Metaphysics of Mixture","authors":"Elisabeth Weber","doi":"10.1353/sub.2023.a900538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sub.2023.a900538","url":null,"abstract":"In her book Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants, Robin W. Kimmerer contrasts two creation stories that are thoroughly incompatible. One starts with an all-powerful male creator calling the world and its vegetation and animals into existence through words, and forming the first human beings from clay; the other starts with Skywoman tumbling through the air with seeds in her fist from the Tree of Life growing in Skyworld. One ends with the condemnation of woman to give birth in “very severe” pains, with the cursing of the ground ordered to “produce thorns and thistles” as punishment for man who will eat his food only after “painful toil,” and the expulsion from the garden; the other ends in gratitude for the collective caring of the animals, with the creation of “a garden for the well-being of all.” One includes an original fall from grace whose burden will be passed down from generation to generation; the other acknowledges suffering without a trace of the burden of unearned guilt. One predicts death as a return to the dust from whence mankind was created; the other imagines death as becoming plant and fruit, as becoming gift, a rejoining the spirits of all ancestors, human and others, who surround the living in everything that is. The threat of one is the inexorability of a trajectory “from dust to dust” and the latter’s association, with Plato, of something so diffuse that it doesn’t merit a concept or idea; the promise of the other is an abiding relationship with all that is, the reciprocity of giving and gratitude, and the gladly assumed responsibility for the “inspirited” land. Kimmerer comments:","PeriodicalId":45831,"journal":{"name":"SUB-STANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48265412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900535
J. Cayley
To view the current version of John Cayley’s digital work “breathe” as a standalone website, please visit https://work.programmatology.com/breathe/. Use of a Chrome browser is advised, and, for mobiles, the site has only been tested for iOS devices. On the desktop, switching to full screen will avoid having to manually resize the browser window to a more or less 16:9 aspect. To view Cayley’s notebook with digital code, visit https://observablehq.com/@shadoof/breathe.
{"title":"breathe","authors":"J. Cayley","doi":"10.1353/sub.2023.a900535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sub.2023.a900535","url":null,"abstract":"To view the current version of John Cayley’s digital work “breathe” as a standalone website, please visit https://work.programmatology.com/breathe/. Use of a Chrome browser is advised, and, for mobiles, the site has only been tested for iOS devices. On the desktop, switching to full screen will avoid having to manually resize the browser window to a more or less 16:9 aspect. To view Cayley’s notebook with digital code, visit https://observablehq.com/@shadoof/breathe.","PeriodicalId":45831,"journal":{"name":"SUB-STANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900527
B. Mani
{"title":"Learning to Breathe: Five Fragments Against Racism","authors":"B. Mani","doi":"10.1353/sub.2023.a900527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sub.2023.a900527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45831,"journal":{"name":"SUB-STANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45949990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1353/sub.2023.a900519
I. M. Lithic
{"title":"Invocation: FIFTY is Nifty","authors":"I. M. Lithic","doi":"10.1353/sub.2023.a900519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sub.2023.a900519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45831,"journal":{"name":"SUB-STANCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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