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Aesthetic Preparation 审美准备
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.57.1.03
D. Fenner
Abstract:This article examines the question of to what degree does having an aesthetic experience rely on being prepared to have such an experience. The answer, affirming that preparation is necessary, is offered in three parts: a volitional model, an expectation model, and a receptivity model.
摘要:本文探讨了一个问题,即拥有一种审美体验在多大程度上取决于为拥有这种体验做好准备。答案肯定了准备是必要的,分为三个部分:意志模型、期望模型和接受模型。
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引用次数: 0
The Practical Education of Poetry: Discovering Pain and Therapeutic Effects in Shelley’s “Mutability” and Keats’s “Ode on Melancholy” 诗歌的实践教育:从雪莱的《变异性》和济慈的《忧郁颂》中发现痛苦和治疗效果
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.57.1.04
Jie-ae Yu
Abstract:This article discusses the ways in which the practical benefit of poetry, as a source of healing power to reduce distress, is enhanced through incorporating a detailed analysis of literary texts and their sources that relate to the author’s depiction of the human predicament and suggestions for liberation from it. This article focuses on two Romantic poems as case studies, Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Mutability” (1816) and John Keats’s “Ode on Melancholy” (1820), to highlight an effective way of inspiring students to recognize the poets’ representations of anxiety and their poems’ therapeutic effects. By pointing out the limitations of recent studies promoting the curative power of poetry, the article examines precise literary aspects of the two works, which facilitate the relief from inner affliction for readers as they discuss in detail the concept of affliction in its association with the realities of instability and depression. It suggests a method of providing poetry education that reveals the paradox of suffering and self-remedy and thereby reinforces comprehension.
摘要:本文通过对文学文本及其来源的详细分析,讨论了诗歌作为减轻痛苦的疗愈力量的来源,如何提高其实际效益,这些文本与作者对人类困境的描述有关,并提出了从困境中解脱出来的建议,Percy Bysshe Shelley的《可变性》(1816)和John Keats的《忧郁颂》(1820),强调了一种有效的方式来激励学生认识到诗人对焦虑的表征及其诗歌的治疗效果。通过指出最近关于诗歌治疗力的研究的局限性,文章考察了这两部作品的确切文学方面,这有助于读者在详细讨论痛苦的概念及其与不稳定和抑郁现实的联系时,从内心的痛苦中解脱出来。它提出了一种提供诗歌教育的方法,揭示了痛苦与自我补救的悖论,从而加强了理解。
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引用次数: 0
Moral Learning through Tragedy in Aristotle and Force Majeure 亚里士多德悲剧中的道德学习与不可抗力
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.57.1.01
J. MacAllister, I. Jovanović, D. Fenner, Jie-ae Yu, Ela Krieger, B. King, Asmita Sarkar, Aileen Blaney
Abstract:In this article, I challenge Simon Critchley’s recent suggestion that tragic art is not morally educational in Aristotle’s analysis and instead argue that it can be inferred from Aristotle that tragic art can morally educate in three main ways: via emotion education, by helping the audience come to understand what matters in life, and by depicting conduct worthy of moral emulation and conduct that is not. Stephen Halliwell’s reading of how catharsis helps the audience of tragedy learn to feel pity and fear appropriately is discussed. Two objections Lear makes to Halliwell’s account are thereafter outlined and responded to. I maintain that for Aristotle, the pleasure proper to tragedy is prompted by an understanding of what matters most in life—not making mistakes that threaten the prosperity of loved ones. I pull the article together by questioning aspects of Christopher Falzon’s reading of Ruben Östlund’s film, Force Majeure. I conclude that the film both exemplifies and critiques Aristotle’s account of moral learning through tragedy.
摘要:在这篇文章中,我对Simon Critchley最近提出的悲剧艺术在亚里士多德的分析中没有道德教育的观点提出了质疑,相反,我认为从亚里士多德那里可以推断出悲剧艺术可以通过三种主要方式进行道德教育:通过情感教育,通过帮助观众理解生活中重要的东西,以及通过描绘值得道德效仿的行为和不值得道德仿效的行为。斯蒂芬·哈利维尔(Stephen Halliwell)对宣泄如何帮助悲剧观众学会适当地感受怜悯和恐惧的解读进行了讨论。李尔对哈利维尔的叙述提出的两个反对意见随后被概述并回应。我坚持认为,对亚里士多德来说,悲剧所带来的快乐是由对生活中最重要的事情的理解所激发的——而不是犯威胁到所爱之人繁荣的错误。我通过质疑克里斯托弗·法尔松对鲁本·奥斯特伦德电影《不可抗力》的解读,把这篇文章拼凑在一起。我的结论是,这部电影既体现又批评了亚里士多德关于通过悲剧进行道德学习的描述。
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引用次数: 2
The Dehumanization of Architecture 建筑的去人性化
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.02
R. De Clercq
Abstract:Modern buildings do not easily harmonize with other buildings, regardless of whether the latter are also modern. This often-observed fact has not received a satisfactory explanation. To improve on existing explanations, this article generalizes one of Ortega y Gasset’s observations concerning modern fine art and then develops a metaphysics of styles that is inspired by work in the philosophy of biology. The resulting explanation is that modern architecture is incapable of developing patterns that facilitate harmonizing because such patterns would humanize buildings, and modern architecture is a homeostatic property cluster with a dehumanizing motive at its core.
摘要:现代建筑不容易与其他建筑和谐相处,不管后者是否也现代。这个经常观察到的事实并没有得到令人满意的解释。为了改进现有的解释,本文概括了奥尔特加·加塞特对现代美术的观察之一,然后发展了一种受生物学哲学工作启发的风格形而上学。由此产生的解释是,现代建筑无法发展出促进和谐的模式,因为这样的模式会使建筑人性化,而现代建筑是一个以非人性化动机为核心的稳态属性集群。
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引用次数: 0
Pedagogy, Hyperreality, and Agency— To Sound Out Education Effects Ascribed to a Video Game 教育学、超现实性和能动性——探究电子游戏的教育效应
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.05
A. Kraus
Abstract:Whereas utopia is the vision of an ideal community, dystopias create the image of a cataclysmic decline of society and environment. This article deals with the construction of personal agency and the analysis of digital simulation that is reflected in an online commercial for a first-person survival horror video game. Agency is understood here as the capacity to act in the virtual environment that is ascribed to the actor by the marketing strategy. Applying approaches from phenomenology, simulation theory, and sound studies, the analysis proceeds in reference to a corresponding educational political agenda. The findings show a certain discrepancy between the more utopian education political rhetoric and the more dystopian construction of personal agency in the video game context, a discrepancy from which specific educational challenges emerge. Finally, even if a case study generally cannot be seen as representative, its results present a direction for the further investigation of virtual reality from the education perspective as suggested by international policies.
摘要:乌托邦是一个理想社区的愿景,而反乌托邦则塑造了社会和环境灾难性衰落的形象。本文讨论了个人代理的构建,并分析了第一人称生存恐怖电子游戏网络广告中反映的数字模拟。代理在这里被理解为在虚拟环境中行动的能力,这是营销策略赋予行为者的。运用现象学、模拟理论和声音研究的方法,分析参考了相应的教育政治议程。研究结果表明,在电子游戏背景下,更乌托邦式的教育政治修辞与更反乌托邦式的个人能动性建构之间存在一定的差异,从这种差异中产生了具体的教育挑战。最后,即使案例研究通常不能被视为具有代表性,其结果也为国际政策建议的从教育角度进一步调查虚拟现实提供了方向。
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引用次数: 0
Turnspits and Other Malenky Machines: Laziness and Cowardice in Burgess’s Turnspits和其他Malenky机器:Burgess的懒惰和怯懦
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.06
Jan-Boje Frauen
Abstract:This article argues that the first-person narrator and anti-hero of Anthony Burgess’s famous dystopia is far from being the symbol for human freedom he has traditionally been taken to be. Quite the opposite, he is to be seen as a symbol for human “self-imposed nonage” at every point of the novel: from his alleged rebellion to his farewell to rape and aggression in the final chapter. All of his apparent acts of freedom are determined by the dynamic interplay of biological disposition and political exploitation. Burgess’s theory of freedom, however, is more sophisticated than Alex’s “turnspit freedom.” It is displayed in two minor characters, F. Alexander and the prison chaplain, modelled on Burgess and his cousin the Catholic Archbishop George Dwyer, respectively, who display “political awareness” that leads to decisions based on informed judgment.
摘要:本文认为,安东尼·伯吉斯著名的反乌托邦的第一人称叙述者和反英雄远不是他传统上所认为的人类自由的象征,在小说的每一点上,他都被视为人类“自我强加的未成年”的象征:从他被指控的叛乱到他在最后一章告别强奸和侵略。他所有明显的自由行为都是由生物性格和政治剥削的动态相互作用决定的。然而,伯吉斯的自由理论比亚历克斯的“转身自由”更为复杂。它表现在两个次要人物身上,F.亚历山大和监狱牧师,分别模仿伯吉斯和他的堂兄天主教大主教乔治·德怀尔,他们表现出“政治意识”,导致基于知情判断做出决定。
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引用次数: 0
G. H. Mead: Socially Structured Aesthetic Experiences g·h·米德:社会结构的审美体验
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.01
S. K. Wertz
Abstract:In speaking of his analyses, George Herbert Mead (1863– 1931) announces: “It is behavioristic where the approach to experience is made through conduct.” He turns this approach to the practice of the arts and the aesthetic experience. His approach consists of an analysis of gestures and attitudes as the beginning of acts that we bring with us to the activities in which we are engaged. A gesture would be, for example, offering someone a chair who has entered a room. Usually gestures and their responses form a conversation, in this case, acceptance or rejection of the offer. The attitude behind the offer would be generosity and friendliness—a sign of welcome. Within music, “a temporal dimension as that of the melody, or recognition of the notes and their distance from each other in the scale, and our appreciation of these as actually affected by the beginning of our response to the later notes, as when we are expecting a certain sort of ending . . . . It is that attitude that gives the character of our appreciation of all extended musical compositions.” Instead of the part–whole understanding of the arts, he argues for a whole–part relationship within a social context of the actions that make up a performance or object. How far will this thesis take us? I explore answers to this question.
摘要:在谈到他的分析时,乔治·赫伯特·米德(1863-1931)宣布:“通过行为来获得经验是行为主义的。”他将这种方法转向了艺术实践和审美体验。他的方法包括对手势和态度的分析,这些手势和态度是我们为所从事的活动带来的行为的开始。举个例子,一个手势是向进入房间的人提供一把椅子。通常,手势和他们的反应形成了一种对话,在这种情况下,就是接受或拒绝报价。这一提议背后的态度将是慷慨和友好——这是一种欢迎的象征。在音乐中,“旋律的时间维度,或对音符及其在音阶中彼此距离的识别,以及我们对这些音符的欣赏实际上受到我们对后面音符的反应的开始的影响,就像我们期待某种结局一样……正是这种态度赋予了我们对所有扩展音乐作品的欣赏特征。“他主张在构成表演或物体的行为的社会背景下建立一种整体-部分关系,而不是对艺术的部分-整体理解。这篇论文将带我们走多远?我探究这个问题的答案。
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引用次数: 0
Onstage Emotion as Imagination 舞台上的情感即想象
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.03
Yuchen Guo
Abstract:Although many actors report experiencing genuine emotions befitting a specific character’s circumstances, the actors themselves are neither their characters nor in their characters’ circumstances. Moreover, it seems that if our circumstances do not afford certain emotions, we will not experience these emotions. Thus, actors experience “a paradox of onstage emotion.” This article aims to provide a solution to this paradox. I argue that actors’ onstage emotions are repeatable, controllable, scripted, and impersonal; however, everyday genuine emotions are neither repeatable nor controllable nor scripted and are always personal. Therefore, onstage emotions are not genuine emotions. I then argue that imagination is a repeatable and controllable mental state and that it can be scripted and impersonal. Finally, given that imagination is seen as a re-creation of occurrent experiences, I conclude that onstage emotions are not genuine emotions but rather are imaginative emotions—a re-creation of genuine emotions, and the solution of imaginative emotions better accounts for actors’ onstage performance.
摘要:尽管许多演员报告说,他们经历了适合特定角色环境的真实情感,但演员本身既不是他们的角色,也不在他们角色的环境中。此外,如果我们的环境不能承受某些情绪,我们就不会经历这些情绪。因此,演员们经历了“舞台情感的悖论”。本文旨在为这个悖论提供一个解决方案。我认为,演员在舞台上的情绪是可重复的、可控的、照本宣科的、非个人的;然而,日常真实的情绪既不可重复,也不可控,也不照本宣科,总是个人化的。因此,舞台上的情感不是真实的情感。然后,我认为想象力是一种可重复和可控的精神状态,它可以是照本宣科的,也可以是非个人的。最后,考虑到想象被视为对发生的体验的再创造,我得出结论,舞台上的情绪不是真实的情绪,而是富有想象力的情绪——真实情绪的再创造——富有想象力的情感的解决方案更好地反映了演员的舞台表演。
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引用次数: 0
Fantasy and Adult Development 幻想与成人发展
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.04
A. Langer
Abstract:As new digital technologies, consumer demand, and social issues such as COVID-19 render workplaces increasingly data-centric, employers will require culturally and technologically adept workers who can utilize creativity in every stage of the production process. To prepare students for this demand, institutions of higher education must establish flexible programs that provide professional or technical curricula combined with a liberal arts education that fosters students’ abilities to build imaginations beyond conventionally accepted norms. The capacity for creative fantasy intersects with cognitive maturity and higher-order thinking and thus can be measured using models of adult development. Schools should develop knowledge platforms that can first assess a student’s maturity stage and then design a personalized liberal and professional education plan that maximizes their creative abilities. This article therefore engages adult development theory to map possible trajectories toward students’ constructive use of innovative fantasy and to address ways educational institutions can reorient their approaches.
摘要:随着新的数字技术、消费者需求和新冠肺炎等社会问题使工作场所越来越以数据为中心,雇主将需要文化和技术娴熟的工人,他们能够在生产过程的每个阶段利用创造力。为了让学生做好满足这一需求的准备,高等教育机构必须建立灵活的课程,提供专业或技术课程,并结合文科教育,培养学生超越传统公认规范的想象力。创造性幻想的能力与认知成熟度和高阶思维交叉,因此可以使用成人发展模型来衡量。学校应该开发知识平台,首先评估学生的成熟阶段,然后设计个性化的自由和专业教育计划,最大限度地提高他们的创造力。因此,本文运用成人发展理论来绘制学生建设性地使用创新幻想的可能轨迹,并探讨教育机构如何重新调整其方法。
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引用次数: 0
A New Interpretation of the Essence of Aesthetic Experience: From the Perspective of Cognitive Neuroaesthetics and Aesthetic Anthropology 审美体验本质新解——从认知神经美学和审美人类学的视角
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.07
Fanjun Meng, Yushui Liang
Abstract:In the transformation from classical to modern aesthetics, the proposition and exploration of aesthetic experience constitutes one of the major dimensions of various aesthetic problems. Pragmatic aesthetics, phenomenological aesthetics, hermeneutic aesthetics, analytical aesthetics, and new pragmatic aesthetics have comprehensively analyzed and discussed aesthetic experience. Through the construction and deconstruction of aesthetic experience in aesthetic history, the study of the key concept seems to have come to a certain predicament. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the subjective and objective attribute of experience remains unclear, and the material base of aesthetics is not solid enough. In this regard, cognitive neuroscience and anthropology provide new ways to understand aesthetic experience. From the perspective of aesthetic anthropology, the study on aesthetic experience is rooted in a broad field and serves as a solid material basis for its objectification. Cognitive neuroaesthetics explains the psychological mechanism of aesthetic experience. Together, they provide an opportunity for the study on aesthetic experience to enter a new realm. Moreover, the new interpretation of the essence of aesthetic experience will help to improve the theory and practice of aesthetic education.
摘要:在古典美学向现代美学的转型中,对审美经验的提出和探索构成了各种美学问题的主要维度之一。实用主义美学、现象学美学、解释学美学、分析美学和新实用主义美学对审美经验进行了全面的分析和讨论。通过对美学史中审美经验的建构与解构,这一关键概念的研究似乎陷入了某种困境。这主要表现在经验的主客观属性不清,美学的物质基础不够牢固。在这方面,认知神经科学和人类学为理解审美体验提供了新的途径。审美人类学视角下的审美经验研究具有广阔的研究领域,为审美经验的客观化提供了坚实的物质基础。认知神经美学解释了审美体验的心理机制。它们共同为审美经验的研究提供了一个进入一个新领域的机会。此外,对审美经验本质的重新阐释将有助于完善美育的理论和实践。
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引用次数: 1
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