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Pedagogy, Hyperreality, and Agency— To Sound Out Education Effects Ascribed to a Video Game 教育学、超现实性和能动性——探究电子游戏的教育效应
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.05
A. Kraus
Abstract:Whereas utopia is the vision of an ideal community, dystopias create the image of a cataclysmic decline of society and environment. This article deals with the construction of personal agency and the analysis of digital simulation that is reflected in an online commercial for a first-person survival horror video game. Agency is understood here as the capacity to act in the virtual environment that is ascribed to the actor by the marketing strategy. Applying approaches from phenomenology, simulation theory, and sound studies, the analysis proceeds in reference to a corresponding educational political agenda. The findings show a certain discrepancy between the more utopian education political rhetoric and the more dystopian construction of personal agency in the video game context, a discrepancy from which specific educational challenges emerge. Finally, even if a case study generally cannot be seen as representative, its results present a direction for the further investigation of virtual reality from the education perspective as suggested by international policies.
摘要:乌托邦是一个理想社区的愿景,而反乌托邦则塑造了社会和环境灾难性衰落的形象。本文讨论了个人代理的构建,并分析了第一人称生存恐怖电子游戏网络广告中反映的数字模拟。代理在这里被理解为在虚拟环境中行动的能力,这是营销策略赋予行为者的。运用现象学、模拟理论和声音研究的方法,分析参考了相应的教育政治议程。研究结果表明,在电子游戏背景下,更乌托邦式的教育政治修辞与更反乌托邦式的个人能动性建构之间存在一定的差异,从这种差异中产生了具体的教育挑战。最后,即使案例研究通常不能被视为具有代表性,其结果也为国际政策建议的从教育角度进一步调查虚拟现实提供了方向。
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引用次数: 0
Turnspits and Other Malenky Machines: Laziness and Cowardice in Burgess’s Turnspits和其他Malenky机器:Burgess的懒惰和怯懦
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.06
Jan-Boje Frauen
Abstract:This article argues that the first-person narrator and anti-hero of Anthony Burgess’s famous dystopia is far from being the symbol for human freedom he has traditionally been taken to be. Quite the opposite, he is to be seen as a symbol for human “self-imposed nonage” at every point of the novel: from his alleged rebellion to his farewell to rape and aggression in the final chapter. All of his apparent acts of freedom are determined by the dynamic interplay of biological disposition and political exploitation. Burgess’s theory of freedom, however, is more sophisticated than Alex’s “turnspit freedom.” It is displayed in two minor characters, F. Alexander and the prison chaplain, modelled on Burgess and his cousin the Catholic Archbishop George Dwyer, respectively, who display “political awareness” that leads to decisions based on informed judgment.
摘要:本文认为,安东尼·伯吉斯著名的反乌托邦的第一人称叙述者和反英雄远不是他传统上所认为的人类自由的象征,在小说的每一点上,他都被视为人类“自我强加的未成年”的象征:从他被指控的叛乱到他在最后一章告别强奸和侵略。他所有明显的自由行为都是由生物性格和政治剥削的动态相互作用决定的。然而,伯吉斯的自由理论比亚历克斯的“转身自由”更为复杂。它表现在两个次要人物身上,F.亚历山大和监狱牧师,分别模仿伯吉斯和他的堂兄天主教大主教乔治·德怀尔,他们表现出“政治意识”,导致基于知情判断做出决定。
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引用次数: 0
Onstage Emotion as Imagination 舞台上的情感即想象
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.03
Yuchen Guo
Abstract:Although many actors report experiencing genuine emotions befitting a specific character’s circumstances, the actors themselves are neither their characters nor in their characters’ circumstances. Moreover, it seems that if our circumstances do not afford certain emotions, we will not experience these emotions. Thus, actors experience “a paradox of onstage emotion.” This article aims to provide a solution to this paradox. I argue that actors’ onstage emotions are repeatable, controllable, scripted, and impersonal; however, everyday genuine emotions are neither repeatable nor controllable nor scripted and are always personal. Therefore, onstage emotions are not genuine emotions. I then argue that imagination is a repeatable and controllable mental state and that it can be scripted and impersonal. Finally, given that imagination is seen as a re-creation of occurrent experiences, I conclude that onstage emotions are not genuine emotions but rather are imaginative emotions—a re-creation of genuine emotions, and the solution of imaginative emotions better accounts for actors’ onstage performance.
摘要:尽管许多演员报告说,他们经历了适合特定角色环境的真实情感,但演员本身既不是他们的角色,也不在他们角色的环境中。此外,如果我们的环境不能承受某些情绪,我们就不会经历这些情绪。因此,演员们经历了“舞台情感的悖论”。本文旨在为这个悖论提供一个解决方案。我认为,演员在舞台上的情绪是可重复的、可控的、照本宣科的、非个人的;然而,日常真实的情绪既不可重复,也不可控,也不照本宣科,总是个人化的。因此,舞台上的情感不是真实的情感。然后,我认为想象力是一种可重复和可控的精神状态,它可以是照本宣科的,也可以是非个人的。最后,考虑到想象被视为对发生的体验的再创造,我得出结论,舞台上的情绪不是真实的情绪,而是富有想象力的情绪——真实情绪的再创造——富有想象力的情感的解决方案更好地反映了演员的舞台表演。
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引用次数: 0
G. H. Mead: Socially Structured Aesthetic Experiences g·h·米德:社会结构的审美体验
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.01
S. K. Wertz
Abstract:In speaking of his analyses, George Herbert Mead (1863– 1931) announces: “It is behavioristic where the approach to experience is made through conduct.” He turns this approach to the practice of the arts and the aesthetic experience. His approach consists of an analysis of gestures and attitudes as the beginning of acts that we bring with us to the activities in which we are engaged. A gesture would be, for example, offering someone a chair who has entered a room. Usually gestures and their responses form a conversation, in this case, acceptance or rejection of the offer. The attitude behind the offer would be generosity and friendliness—a sign of welcome. Within music, “a temporal dimension as that of the melody, or recognition of the notes and their distance from each other in the scale, and our appreciation of these as actually affected by the beginning of our response to the later notes, as when we are expecting a certain sort of ending . . . . It is that attitude that gives the character of our appreciation of all extended musical compositions.” Instead of the part–whole understanding of the arts, he argues for a whole–part relationship within a social context of the actions that make up a performance or object. How far will this thesis take us? I explore answers to this question.
摘要:在谈到他的分析时,乔治·赫伯特·米德(1863-1931)宣布:“通过行为来获得经验是行为主义的。”他将这种方法转向了艺术实践和审美体验。他的方法包括对手势和态度的分析,这些手势和态度是我们为所从事的活动带来的行为的开始。举个例子,一个手势是向进入房间的人提供一把椅子。通常,手势和他们的反应形成了一种对话,在这种情况下,就是接受或拒绝报价。这一提议背后的态度将是慷慨和友好——这是一种欢迎的象征。在音乐中,“旋律的时间维度,或对音符及其在音阶中彼此距离的识别,以及我们对这些音符的欣赏实际上受到我们对后面音符的反应的开始的影响,就像我们期待某种结局一样……正是这种态度赋予了我们对所有扩展音乐作品的欣赏特征。“他主张在构成表演或物体的行为的社会背景下建立一种整体-部分关系,而不是对艺术的部分-整体理解。这篇论文将带我们走多远?我探究这个问题的答案。
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引用次数: 0
Fantasy and Adult Development 幻想与成人发展
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.04
A. Langer
Abstract:As new digital technologies, consumer demand, and social issues such as COVID-19 render workplaces increasingly data-centric, employers will require culturally and technologically adept workers who can utilize creativity in every stage of the production process. To prepare students for this demand, institutions of higher education must establish flexible programs that provide professional or technical curricula combined with a liberal arts education that fosters students’ abilities to build imaginations beyond conventionally accepted norms. The capacity for creative fantasy intersects with cognitive maturity and higher-order thinking and thus can be measured using models of adult development. Schools should develop knowledge platforms that can first assess a student’s maturity stage and then design a personalized liberal and professional education plan that maximizes their creative abilities. This article therefore engages adult development theory to map possible trajectories toward students’ constructive use of innovative fantasy and to address ways educational institutions can reorient their approaches.
摘要:随着新的数字技术、消费者需求和新冠肺炎等社会问题使工作场所越来越以数据为中心,雇主将需要文化和技术娴熟的工人,他们能够在生产过程的每个阶段利用创造力。为了让学生做好满足这一需求的准备,高等教育机构必须建立灵活的课程,提供专业或技术课程,并结合文科教育,培养学生超越传统公认规范的想象力。创造性幻想的能力与认知成熟度和高阶思维交叉,因此可以使用成人发展模型来衡量。学校应该开发知识平台,首先评估学生的成熟阶段,然后设计个性化的自由和专业教育计划,最大限度地提高他们的创造力。因此,本文运用成人发展理论来绘制学生建设性地使用创新幻想的可能轨迹,并探讨教育机构如何重新调整其方法。
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引用次数: 0
A New Interpretation of the Essence of Aesthetic Experience: From the Perspective of Cognitive Neuroaesthetics and Aesthetic Anthropology 审美体验本质新解——从认知神经美学和审美人类学的视角
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.4.07
Fanjun Meng, Yushui Liang
Abstract:In the transformation from classical to modern aesthetics, the proposition and exploration of aesthetic experience constitutes one of the major dimensions of various aesthetic problems. Pragmatic aesthetics, phenomenological aesthetics, hermeneutic aesthetics, analytical aesthetics, and new pragmatic aesthetics have comprehensively analyzed and discussed aesthetic experience. Through the construction and deconstruction of aesthetic experience in aesthetic history, the study of the key concept seems to have come to a certain predicament. This is mainly reflected in the fact that the subjective and objective attribute of experience remains unclear, and the material base of aesthetics is not solid enough. In this regard, cognitive neuroscience and anthropology provide new ways to understand aesthetic experience. From the perspective of aesthetic anthropology, the study on aesthetic experience is rooted in a broad field and serves as a solid material basis for its objectification. Cognitive neuroaesthetics explains the psychological mechanism of aesthetic experience. Together, they provide an opportunity for the study on aesthetic experience to enter a new realm. Moreover, the new interpretation of the essence of aesthetic experience will help to improve the theory and practice of aesthetic education.
摘要:在古典美学向现代美学的转型中,对审美经验的提出和探索构成了各种美学问题的主要维度之一。实用主义美学、现象学美学、解释学美学、分析美学和新实用主义美学对审美经验进行了全面的分析和讨论。通过对美学史中审美经验的建构与解构,这一关键概念的研究似乎陷入了某种困境。这主要表现在经验的主客观属性不清,美学的物质基础不够牢固。在这方面,认知神经科学和人类学为理解审美体验提供了新的途径。审美人类学视角下的审美经验研究具有广阔的研究领域,为审美经验的客观化提供了坚实的物质基础。认知神经美学解释了审美体验的心理机制。它们共同为审美经验的研究提供了一个进入一个新领域的机会。此外,对审美经验本质的重新阐释将有助于完善美育的理论和实践。
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引用次数: 1
The Complex Art of Murder 谋杀的复杂艺术
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.3.04
R. McGregor
Abstract:This article demonstrates the literary value of hardboiled detective fiction. I consider two different arguments for literary value, one based on Martin Heidegger’s philosophy of art and the other on the tradition of form-content inseparability in literary aesthetics and literary criticism. The former is reliant on the genre’s combination of formal complexity with substantive superficiality and the latter on the combination of formal complexity with substantive complexity. I employ Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sleep (1939) and Nelson DeMille’s Plum Island (1997) as examples, focusing on the question of whether they have thematic content. I demonstrate that the novels instantiate substantive themes—about corruption, alienation, and moral amnesia—in consequence of which the argument for form-content inseparability is more compelling. I conclude by suggesting that form-content inseparability underpins both the literary value of hardboiled detective fiction and the genre’s capacity for aesthetic education.
摘要:本文论证了精装侦探小说的文学价值。关于文学价值,我考虑了两种不同的论点,一种是基于马丁·海德格尔的艺术哲学,另一种是关于文学美学和文学批评中形式内容不可分割的传统。前者依赖于形式复杂性与实质肤浅性的结合,后者依赖于形式复杂度与实质复杂性的结合。我以Raymond Chandler的《大睡眠》(1939)和Nelson DeMille的《梅花岛》(1997)为例,重点讨论它们是否有主题内容的问题。我证明,这些小说实例化了实质性的主题——关于腐败、异化和道德健忘症——因此,形式-内容不可分割性的论点更具说服力。最后,我提出,形式-内容的不可分割性是精装侦探小说的文学价值和该类型美育能力的基础。
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引用次数: 1
The Pedagogical Primacy of Language in Mental Imagery: Pictorialism vs. Descriptionalism 语言在心理意象教学中的首要地位:图画主义与描述主义
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.3.01
E. Luft
Abstract:This paper argues for the primacy of language over vision as a means of communication. Words convey information more clearly, accurately, reliably, and profoundly than images do. Images by themselves give only impressions; they do not denote, unless accompanied by some sort or level of description. Also, any visual image, whether physical or mental, unless it is eidetic, must involve some degree of interpretation, interpolation, or description for it to be capable of conveying information, having meaning, or even being intelligible. Pictorialism is the theory that mental imagery is visual, while descriptionalism holds that mental imagery is nonvisual. As an epistemology, pictorialism supports representationalism as a philosophy of art. The poverty and limitations of representational theories of art militate against pictorialism. Descriptionalism as an epistemology supports several versions of symbolist theories of art. The richness and versatility of symbolic interpretations of art works support descriptionalism. Pictorialism fails the test of consistency unless eidetic imagery exists. Any pictorialism that claims support from noneidetic imagery or invokes the photographic fallacy is in fact a crypto- or quasi-descriptionalism. Since the photographic fallacy denies eidetic imagery, it is invalid and misbegotten as a defense of pictorialism. The interplay between the richness of visual images and the precision of verbal descriptions is a key element in developing a comprehensive pedagogy of aesthetics.
摘要:作为一种交流手段,语言比视觉更重要。文字比图像更清晰、准确、可靠和深刻地传达信息。形象本身只能给人印象;它们不表示,除非附有某种或某种程度的描述。此外,任何视觉图像,无论是物理的还是精神的,除非它是清晰的,必须涉及某种程度的解释,插值或描述,以便能够传达信息,具有意义,甚至是可理解的。意象主义认为心理意象是视觉的,而描述主义认为心理意象是非视觉的。作为一种认识论,绘画主义支持具象主义作为一种艺术哲学。具象艺术理论的贫乏和局限性阻碍了绘画主义的发展。描述主义作为一种认识论,支持了象征主义艺术理论的几个版本。艺术作品的符号解释的丰富性和多样性支持了描述主义。图画主义不能通过一致性检验,除非有清晰的意象存在。任何声称得到非形象意象支持或援引摄影谬误的绘画主义,实际上都是一种密码或准描述主义。既然摄影谬误否定了清晰的图像,那么它作为对绘画主义的辩护是无效的和错误的。视觉图像的丰富性与语言描述的精确性之间的相互作用是发展综合美学教育学的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
What Do We Look At When We Look at Art? The Bible, Visual Art, and the Redemption of Existence 当我们看艺术时,我们在看什么?《圣经》、视觉艺术与存在的救赎
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.3.02
J. Hoult, A. Kulak
Abstract:This study is dedicated to examining how the principles and values that mark the difference between the ancient Greco-Roman and biblical traditions help us to think about what (and who) we look at when we look at art. We begin with the Bible’s self-reflexive communication to its readers regarding the status of its own images and then consider works by Michelangelo, Tejo Remy, and Charles White—while also calling on Shakespeare, Hegel, and Kierkegaard—to show that art in the biblical tradition presupposes and expresses love as the transformation of life’s finite immediacies, the transformation of its finite givens, into the gift. We argue, overall, that the art of the biblical tradition demands that viewers pose the question of whether, where, and how deeply they find in those works—and in themselves—the principle of love as the redemption of finitude, the redemption of existence.
摘要:本研究致力于研究标志着古希腊罗马和圣经传统之间差异的原则和价值观如何帮助我们思考当我们看待艺术时,我们在看什么(和谁)。我们从《圣经》与读者就其自身形象的地位进行的自我反思开始,然后考虑米开朗基罗、特霍·雷米和查尔斯·怀特的作品——同时也呼吁莎士比亚、黑格尔和克尔凯郭尔——来表明,《圣经》传统中的艺术预设并表达了爱,即把生命有限的直接性转化为礼物,把有限的给予转化为礼物。总的来说,我们认为,圣经传统的艺术要求观众提出这样的问题:他们是否、在哪里、在多深的程度上在这些作品中——在他们自己身上——发现爱的原则是对有限的救赎,对存在的救赎。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Interdisciplinarity: Team-Teaching and Critical Thinking about Art 深度跨学科:团队教学与艺术批判性思维
IF 0.5 4区 社会学 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.5406/15437809.56.3.05
Mavis Biss, K. Boeye
Abstract:This essay discusses an interdisciplinary art history/philosophy course cotaught by a professor from each discipline. Fundamental questions about how we experience, understand, and communicate about art can be answered more effectively through such interdisciplinary collaboration than through each discipline alone. Students in the course tended to think of art either in purely subjective terms, in which art was simply an expression of personal taste, or entirely essentialist ones, in which the artness of a work resided completely within the object. Readings and class discussions helped students articulate these extreme viewpoints and challenge them. As a result, many of the students developed more sophisticated understandings of art and the experiences of art that avoided the pitfalls of subjectivism and essentialism. Insights from selected student papers are presented to demonstrate the kinds of thinking fostered by the course. In sum, the essay argues for the importance and success of interdisciplinary approaches to teaching art, art history, and the philosophy of art.
摘要:本文讨论了一门跨学科的艺术史/哲学课程,该课程由各学科的一位教授共同教授。关于我们如何体验、理解和交流艺术的基本问题,可以通过这种跨学科合作比单独通过每个学科更有效地得到回答。该课程中的学生倾向于从纯粹主观的角度来看待艺术,即艺术只是个人品味的表达,或者从完全本质主义的角度来思考艺术,即作品的艺术性完全存在于对象之中。阅读和课堂讨论帮助学生阐明这些极端观点并对其提出质疑。因此,许多学生对艺术和艺术体验有了更深刻的理解,避免了主观主义和本质主义的陷阱。从选定的学生论文中提出的见解展示了该课程培养的各种思维。总之,本文认为跨学科方法在艺术、艺术史和艺术哲学教学中的重要性和成功。
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引用次数: 0
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