JOURNAL OF APPLIED BIOBEHAVIORAL RESEARCH最新文献

This study is the first to directly investigate the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and considering cosmetic surgery. The sample consisted of 222 university students, aged between 18 and 37 (M = 24.59, SD = 4.17), from Tehran, Iran. Participants completed the Short Dark Triad scale and “consider” subscale of Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale. Descriptive statistics and evaluation of sex differences suggested that psychopathy was significantly higher in men and considering cosmetic surgery was significantly higher in women. Correlational analyses showed that psychopathy was associated with considering cosmetic surgery in men and women. Machiavellianism was associated with considering cosmetic surgery in women, but not men. Narcissism was not found to be related to considering cosmetic surgery. Findings of this study indicated that psychopathy is associated with considering cosmetic surgery. Moreover, sex moderated the relationship between Machiavellianism and considering cosmetic surgery. Implications of this exploratory study and future directions are discussed.

Military members with war-related lower limb amputation experience a range of acute and chronic pain symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain during 12 weeks of a military amputee rehabilitation program (MARP) pre- and post-prosthesis. The data for this study were drawn from a randomized clinical trial comparing MARP supplemented with neuromuscular electrostimulation (MARP + NMES, n = 23) to MARP alone (n = 21) for service members with unilateral transtibial amputation. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and phantom limb pain/sensations were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. Changes within- and between-groups were analyzed with generalized mixed models. Participants reported mild-to-moderate pain at all visits, and improved significantly on the MPQ and frequency of phantom limb pain/sensations (p < .001 for effect of time). Group by time interactions were not significant, indicating both groups showed similar improvement. Univariate tests showed the NMES + MARP group had lower pain intensity than MARP-only group at weeks 3 and 6. Participants in MARP demonstrated good overall pain control and reported reduced pain and fewer days with phantom limb pain/sensations over 12 weeks. Adding NMES to MARP may be beneficial in early rehabilitation, and NMES could potentially enhance physical therapy participation by decreasing pain.

The purpose of this article was to introduce the discipline of Industrial and Organizational (I/O) Psychology and discuss its connection with translational research. I/O Psychology is dedicated to improving the lives of people at work, and maintaining the communication between science and practice has been key to the success of that endeavor. A discussion on some of the more heavily researched I/O topics is presented, along with a discussion on the application of I/O in the form of organizational interventions. It is hoped that this article will contribute to the current discussion on translational research among the biomedical and biobehavioral fields and also be used as a resource for those seeking to improve the functioning of their organizations.

This article describes the preliminary findings on the efficacy of a Comprehensive Telephonic Pain Self-Management Coaching Program (CTPSCP) in improving pain-related outcomes for adults being treated for chronic pain. Analyses of pain-related data collected by administering the Pain Outcomes Questionnaire-For Civilians (POQ-C) to participants in a CTPSCP at intake, at the 6-month mid-point (n = 51), and at the 12-month completion of the program (n = 33). A paired-sample t test was conducted to evaluate whether there was a reduction in scores on the POQ-C. The results indicated that there was a significant reduction in the POQ-C scores from intake to 6- and 12-months follow-up. The total scores on the POQ-C dropped from the 50%–74% range of pain to the 10%–24% range. Separate score decreases in the six subscales were statistically significant as well. These findings support the implementation of a CTPSCP as an effective adjunctive intervention, potentiating the standard medical treatments. Future studies should focus on direct comparisons between telephonic coaching and face-to-face coaching, and between pain management coaching and cognitive-behavioral therapy. What makes a good CTPSCP candidate and “optimal treatment dose” need to be elucidated. Finally, comparative cost-effectiveness and reimbursement models from insurance carriers should be explored as well.

The purpose of the current study was to predict mindfulness and perceived competence using self-determination theory (SDT). Within SDT, we specifically examined basic needs theory via global basic needs (i.e., competence, autonomy, and relatedness) and two domain specific basic needs (i.e., exercise & health care) settings. One hundred and thirty-one college students from a Midwest urban university participated in this study. Using multiple regression analyses, we predicted 22% and 36% of the variance in mindfulness and perceived competence, respectively. Meeting basic needs in exercise settings and perceiving that autonomous exercise behaviors were supported by health care practitioners predicted variance in participants’ mindfulness and perceived competence beyond the variance accounted for from global basic needs satisfaction. More specifically, findings supported the importance of competence satisfaction in general settings and exercise settings. In addition, students who perceived that their health care practitioners supported their autonomy in pursuing exercise also exhibited more mindfulness and had stronger perceived competence for exercise compared to students who viewed their health care practitioners as less autonomy supportive. Health care professionals should be cognizant that their interactions with patients about exercise have the potential to influence patient's mindfulness and perceived competence.

Achieving board certification in psychology is an important step in a psychologist's professional development. Board certification serves as a quality indicator for consumers, employers, and other stakeholders while providing enhanced opportunities for psychologists who complete the peer-review process that leads to it. This commentary provides an update on trends in board certification in psychology and explores the roles and benefits of board certification as well as barriers to pursuing board certification. Board certification is an important issue to consider because more mental and physical healthcare clinicians and researchers are now embracing the biopsychosocial model. Board certification could well help with maximizing reimbursement or clinical opportunities, as well as produce a greater understanding of the biobehavioral underpinnings of comorbid mental and physical disorders. Specialist data from the American Board of Professional Psychology and membership data from the American Psychological Association were reviewed across specialty areas. The work was archival and involved no human subjects, and therefore, this study was exempt from review by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Minnesota. There are currently 4,198 board certifications across the 15 boards of the American Board of Professional Psychology. These represent a relatively small proportion (less than 4%) of U.S. licensed psychologists. The numbers correlate positively with membership levels in corresponding APA divisions. Between 2011 and 2015, there was a 25.8% increase in the number of board-certified psychologists. Board certification appears to be undergoing a period of rapid growth among psychologists. This trend appears to reflect multiple factors, including an increased number of boards representing expanding areas of specialization in the field, a growing interest in board certification as part of increasing quality emphasis within healthcare, and psychologists' desire to distinguish themselves in a competitive marketplace. Board certification in diverse areas, including clinical health psychology, affords various professionally and personally rewarding linkages and opportunities.

Relatively little research has examined the contributions of pain-specific factors, such as pain intensity, and normative factors, such as positive emotions, in predicting depression. This study characterized the independent contributions of pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and trait happiness to depressive symptoms in 70 volunteers across three groups: two groups with current low back pain and those in a methadone maintenance treatment program. Results suggested no direct relationships between pain and either trait happiness or depressive symptoms, but participants reporting higher levels of trait happiness tended to report lower levels of depressive symptomatology, an effect mediated by lower levels of pain catastrophizing. Though unrelated to pain, trait happiness may alter pain-relevant outcomes through reduced catastrophizing levels.

We examined the feasibility and differential efficacy of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) and yoga for first-year college students to reduce stress and improve mental and physical health. Thirty-four incoming first-year female students were assigned to 8 weeks of yoga, CBSM, or a wait-list control. Assessments were made at baseline, end of intervention, and 4 months after intervention end. Both CBSM and yoga produced salutary changes in psychosocial and behavioral health as well as health-related measures of physical function and activity relative to the control group. Stress-management interventions are feasible and highly regarded by first-year women and demonstrate promising effects.

This longitudinal study characterized psychological adjustment in a sample of lung cancer patients by examining the occurrence of posttraumatic stress and growth and their relationships with mental and physical health quality of life and survival over time. Two waves of consecutive cohort samples, totaling 115 participants diagnosed with lung cancer, were identified from outpatient oncology clinics. Of these, 93 consented and completed the first of three assessments, and 57 completed the study. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD Checklist) and posttraumatic growth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory) were assessed and used to predict physical and mental health components of quality of life (Short-Form 36) and survival. Patients reported both negative and positive psychological sequelae, with prevalence of estimated PTSD ranging from 5% to 16% at each assessment as determined by symptom and cut-off methods. Posttraumatic stress and growth were positively related, but were differentially associated with outcomes. More posttraumatic stress predicted lower mental health quality of life, whereas more posttraumatic growth predicted better physical health quality of life and longer survival. These relationships persisted after accounting for disease variables and attrition due to death or illness. These findings highlight the importance of using longitudinal designs to identify relationships between stress and resilience factors in predicting outcomes.

We compare nonparametric permutation method using intra-meal rate as endpoint with existing ANOVA method that uses average daily meal duration as an endpoint for detection of chronic pain in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nociception following bilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injection of high dose of Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA, 250 μg/50 μL per side) could be detected in young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats using average daily meal durations as a measure of nociception for up to 19 days (Kramer, Kerins, Schneiderman & Bellinger, Physiology & Behavior, 99, 2010; 669) using ANOVA and multiple comparison range tests. In this study, we reanalyzed the data using a nonparametric permutation procedure based on absolute differences between intra-meal feeding rate curves. In addition to that experiment, we injected bilaterally the TMJ of naive rats with either a low-dose CFA (15 μg/50 μL per side, n = 6) or saline (50 μL of 0.9%, n = 4) and monitored the animals for 7 days. The permutation test of the intra-meal feeding rate detected the presence of nociception in the high-dose CFA treatment group for up to 40 days or twice as long as when using ANOVA on average daily meal durations. The permutation method also detected the low-dose CFA-induced nociception with ten times lower p-values and for several days longer than ANOVA of changes in meal durations. CFA-induced injury resulted in even reduction in intra-meal feeding rate and lengthening of the meals in both high- and low-dose CFA-injected animals. The rate analysis also showed when the rats first started a meal they were experiencing the same level of nociception as at the end of the meal. This demonstrated that intra-meal chewing itself did not alter the level of nociception. These results suggest that permutation tests based on differences in intra-meal feeding rates can be used as a sensitive test to determine and study the temporal patterns of TMJ nociception.