Pub Date : 2023-12-11DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2283453
Mohsen Rafiei, Archana S. Mysore, Aurel Coza
{"title":"Alteration of cognitive function and locomotor coordination by top-of-the-foot applied perturbations","authors":"Mohsen Rafiei, Archana S. Mysore, Aurel Coza","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2283453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2283453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2283460
K. Hébert-Losier, Hannah Knighton, S. Finlayson, B. Dubois, J. Esculier, C. Beaven
{"title":"Biomechanics and subjective measures of recreational male runners in three shoes running outdoors: a randomised crossover study","authors":"K. Hébert-Losier, Hannah Knighton, S. Finlayson, B. Dubois, J. Esculier, C. Beaven","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2283460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2283460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2283464
C. Dunne, T. Hsu, K. Lockwood, M. Holmes, E. Wagnac, J. Clément
{"title":"Investigating the agreement between force platform and plantar pressure insole data in barefoot and skating-specific footwear conditions across four different movement patterns","authors":"C. Dunne, T. Hsu, K. Lockwood, M. Holmes, E. Wagnac, J. Clément","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2283464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2283464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2267531
Joanna Reeves, Anita Williams, Sharon Dixon
Court sports like tennis are popular with older adults and important for maintaining physical and mental health. Footwear can influence player experience and injury risk in sports. Previous preliminary work using interviews and focus groups identified key themes regarding comfort (including cushioning), functionality (including a wide width) and choice (including appearance) that are important aspects of footwear for older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes towards athletic footwear and the footwear features considered important in older adults playing court sports across the population. An online survey was conducted of older adults in the UK/Ireland who participated in court sports at least once a week. Questionnaire items included descriptive information on age, gender, playing level and sport played and Likert item questions regarding attitudes and important footwear features. Using a mixed methods approach, percentage agreement and importance was combined with qualitative comments. Comfort, appropriate grip, good cushioning and overall support were all important for over 95% of respondents. Width, durability and reducing the likelihood of injury were also important to over 80% of respondents. Around 20% of female participants agreed they had difficulty in purchasing sports shoes with their desired aesthetics compared to around 10% of male participants. Some women reported needing to buy men’s shoes for adequate width, while 12% of respondents reported wearing non-specific footwear like running shoes, often for extra cushioning or to avoid foot pain, which could put them at greater risk of injuries such as ankle sprains. It would appear the athletic footwear industry in the UK/Ireland could do more to improve player comfort and safety of older adults in court sports.
{"title":"The footwear needs and preferences of adults over 55 years of age participating in court sports","authors":"Joanna Reeves, Anita Williams, Sharon Dixon","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2267531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2267531","url":null,"abstract":"Court sports like tennis are popular with older adults and important for maintaining physical and mental health. Footwear can influence player experience and injury risk in sports. Previous preliminary work using interviews and focus groups identified key themes regarding comfort (including cushioning), functionality (including a wide width) and choice (including appearance) that are important aspects of footwear for older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes towards athletic footwear and the footwear features considered important in older adults playing court sports across the population. An online survey was conducted of older adults in the UK/Ireland who participated in court sports at least once a week. Questionnaire items included descriptive information on age, gender, playing level and sport played and Likert item questions regarding attitudes and important footwear features. Using a mixed methods approach, percentage agreement and importance was combined with qualitative comments. Comfort, appropriate grip, good cushioning and overall support were all important for over 95% of respondents. Width, durability and reducing the likelihood of injury were also important to over 80% of respondents. Around 20% of female participants agreed they had difficulty in purchasing sports shoes with their desired aesthetics compared to around 10% of male participants. Some women reported needing to buy men’s shoes for adequate width, while 12% of respondents reported wearing non-specific footwear like running shoes, often for extra cushioning or to avoid foot pain, which could put them at greater risk of injuries such as ankle sprains. It would appear the athletic footwear industry in the UK/Ireland could do more to improve player comfort and safety of older adults in court sports.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"29 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2267530
Saba Eshraghi, Mahshid Yazdi Far
AbstractFootwear stiffness affects kinematics and kinetic of the foot. This research is focused on footwear bending stiffness measurement methods that affect athletes’ performance. The influence of shoe bending stiffness on different movements; sprinting, running, jumping, etc was explained. Two different measurement methods; mechanical tests such as two and three-point bending machines and kinematic measurement methods using motion capture cameras were studied, and their limitations and effects on a variety of performances were presented. In mechanical tests, the most common method was the three-point bend test in which the footwear was analysed while carbon-fibre plates were added to increase the footwear stiffness. In kinematic measurements, attaching markers on the foot-shoe was analysed and the results presented discrepancies among studies. It was challenging to draw strong conclusions in choosing the best approach to measuring footwear stiffness as the methods’ protocols varied among studies.Keywords: apparatusbending stiffnessfootwear stiffnesskinematic analysismeasuring stiffnessmotion capture Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Footwear bending stiffness measurement methods: a review","authors":"Saba Eshraghi, Mahshid Yazdi Far","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2267530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2267530","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFootwear stiffness affects kinematics and kinetic of the foot. This research is focused on footwear bending stiffness measurement methods that affect athletes’ performance. The influence of shoe bending stiffness on different movements; sprinting, running, jumping, etc was explained. Two different measurement methods; mechanical tests such as two and three-point bending machines and kinematic measurement methods using motion capture cameras were studied, and their limitations and effects on a variety of performances were presented. In mechanical tests, the most common method was the three-point bend test in which the footwear was analysed while carbon-fibre plates were added to increase the footwear stiffness. In kinematic measurements, attaching markers on the foot-shoe was analysed and the results presented discrepancies among studies. It was challenging to draw strong conclusions in choosing the best approach to measuring footwear stiffness as the methods’ protocols varied among studies.Keywords: apparatusbending stiffnessfootwear stiffnesskinematic analysismeasuring stiffnessmotion capture Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2267524
Micah C. Garcia, Eryn L. Close, David M. Bazett-Jones
AbstractDifferences in running biomechanics have been reported in adult long-distance runners when running in motion control or neutral shoes. The influence of growth and coordination refinement during puberty limits the generalisability of adult research to adolescents and it is unknown if biomechanics differ between adolescent who run in different types of shoes. The purpose of our study was to compare lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces between adolescents running in motion control or neutral shoes. We matched 18 adolescent long-distance runners who ran in motion control shoes with 18 adolescent long-distance runners who ran in neutral shoes according to running speed, sex, and physical maturation. We collected three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data during overground running and performed statistical parametric mapping to compare joint angle and ground reaction force waveforms between the motion control and neutral shoe groups. We found no significant differences for hip, knee, or ankle joint angles (average differences <2°) or ground reaction forces (average differences <0.05 N/kg) between runners who ran in motion control or neutral shoes. Lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces were similar between adolescents who ran in motion control or neutral shoes.Keywords: footwearyouthkinematicsground reaction forcesstability Disclosure statementThe authors report no conflict of interest.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by a Wisconsin Athletic Trainers’ Association Assistance Research Grant.
{"title":"Comparison of lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces between adolescents who run in motion control shoes with adolescents who run in neutral shoes","authors":"Micah C. Garcia, Eryn L. Close, David M. Bazett-Jones","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2267524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2267524","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDifferences in running biomechanics have been reported in adult long-distance runners when running in motion control or neutral shoes. The influence of growth and coordination refinement during puberty limits the generalisability of adult research to adolescents and it is unknown if biomechanics differ between adolescent who run in different types of shoes. The purpose of our study was to compare lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces between adolescents running in motion control or neutral shoes. We matched 18 adolescent long-distance runners who ran in motion control shoes with 18 adolescent long-distance runners who ran in neutral shoes according to running speed, sex, and physical maturation. We collected three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data during overground running and performed statistical parametric mapping to compare joint angle and ground reaction force waveforms between the motion control and neutral shoe groups. We found no significant differences for hip, knee, or ankle joint angles (average differences <2°) or ground reaction forces (average differences <0.05 N/kg) between runners who ran in motion control or neutral shoes. Lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces were similar between adolescents who ran in motion control or neutral shoes.Keywords: footwearyouthkinematicsground reaction forcesstability Disclosure statementThe authors report no conflict of interest.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by a Wisconsin Athletic Trainers’ Association Assistance Research Grant.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2218321
Zach Barrons, J. Wannop, D. Stefanyshyn
Abstract Despite being an intricate part of advanced footwear technology, the impact of midsole thickness is not well understood. While some individuals have speculated an increased midsole thickness might bequeath an unfair performance advantage, others have suggested it may have a detrimental impact on frontal plane ankle stability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of midsole thickness on running economy, and frontal plane ankle stability. Twenty one recreational runners (ten female, and eleven male) participated in this study, performing five-minute treadmill running trials in four footwear conditions. The footwear conditions were nearly identical except for their midsole thicknesses which ranged from 35- to 50-mm in increments of 5-mm. Midsole thickness was not found to influence the energetic cost of running however, it was found to decrease frontal plane ankle stability. Given these results World Athletic restrictions on midsole thickness may be unnecessary and worthy of reconsideration.
{"title":"The Influence of Footwear Midsole Thickness on Running Economy and Frontal Plane Ankle Stability","authors":"Zach Barrons, J. Wannop, D. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2218321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2218321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite being an intricate part of advanced footwear technology, the impact of midsole thickness is not well understood. While some individuals have speculated an increased midsole thickness might bequeath an unfair performance advantage, others have suggested it may have a detrimental impact on frontal plane ankle stability. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of midsole thickness on running economy, and frontal plane ankle stability. Twenty one recreational runners (ten female, and eleven male) participated in this study, performing five-minute treadmill running trials in four footwear conditions. The footwear conditions were nearly identical except for their midsole thicknesses which ranged from 35- to 50-mm in increments of 5-mm. Midsole thickness was not found to influence the energetic cost of running however, it was found to decrease frontal plane ankle stability. Given these results World Athletic restrictions on midsole thickness may be unnecessary and worthy of reconsideration.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"155 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48168943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-24DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2212625
C. Milgrom, A. Voloshin, Y. Milgrom, A. Finestone
Abstract Medial tibial stress fractures occur secondary to failure in shear. It has been proposed that the use of functional foot orthotics (FFOs) may decrease their incidence by positioning the subtalar joint in the neutral position at heel strike. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scientific basis of this concept by in-vivo measurement of tibial principal strain, the principal strain angle and shear strains during treadmill walking from rosette strain gauges bonded to the tibia of a male subject at two sites prone to stress fracture. Recordings were made while wearing Rockport walking shoes without orthotics, with non-posted graphite orthotics, with neutral rearfoot posted polypropylene orthotics, with 4° varus rearfoot posted polypropylene orthotics, and with neutral rearfoot posted kinetic wedge polypropylene orthotics designed to treat hallux limitus. None of the various modifications of FFOs tested in this study had a statistically significant effect on the compression strains during treadmill walking compared to the walking shoe alone, indicating that they were not affective in attenuating the ground reaction force. Their use was associated with a 22–51% increase in principal (p < .001) and a 9–35% increase in tibial shear strains (p = .003). The compression and shear strains and the angle of the principal strains (p < .001) were higher at the distal than at the proximal recording site, (p < .001 for all). The findings do not support the use of FFOs in any of the posting configurations tested as a means for lowering tibial shear strains or the concept of the biomechanical importance of the neutral position of the subtalar joint at heel strike.
{"title":"The effect of functional orthotic rearfoot posting on in-vivo tibial strain","authors":"C. Milgrom, A. Voloshin, Y. Milgrom, A. Finestone","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2212625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2212625","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medial tibial stress fractures occur secondary to failure in shear. It has been proposed that the use of functional foot orthotics (FFOs) may decrease their incidence by positioning the subtalar joint in the neutral position at heel strike. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scientific basis of this concept by in-vivo measurement of tibial principal strain, the principal strain angle and shear strains during treadmill walking from rosette strain gauges bonded to the tibia of a male subject at two sites prone to stress fracture. Recordings were made while wearing Rockport walking shoes without orthotics, with non-posted graphite orthotics, with neutral rearfoot posted polypropylene orthotics, with 4° varus rearfoot posted polypropylene orthotics, and with neutral rearfoot posted kinetic wedge polypropylene orthotics designed to treat hallux limitus. None of the various modifications of FFOs tested in this study had a statistically significant effect on the compression strains during treadmill walking compared to the walking shoe alone, indicating that they were not affective in attenuating the ground reaction force. Their use was associated with a 22–51% increase in principal (p < .001) and a 9–35% increase in tibial shear strains (p = .003). The compression and shear strains and the angle of the principal strains (p < .001) were higher at the distal than at the proximal recording site, (p < .001 for all). The findings do not support the use of FFOs in any of the posting configurations tested as a means for lowering tibial shear strains or the concept of the biomechanical importance of the neutral position of the subtalar joint at heel strike.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"203 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45026702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2219651
Jamie O. Langley, H. Branthwaite, N. Chockalingam, J. J. Forsyth
Abstract There is limited work, to date, in which the potential performance-enhancing effects of Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) in the female elite athlete has been considered. This study aimed to retrospectively explore publicly available race data for a marathon, half-marathon, and 10-km elite events to analyse the effect of AFT, along with athlete and event characteristics, to determine the effect on female running performance. Race performance times for the top 20 female athletes within the world were extracted from 1990 to 2020 (n = 1722), along with athlete and event characteristics from 2010 to 2020 (n = 660). Data for race shoes were available for 655 of the 660 performances. The changes in grouped mean performance times over the years that AFT had been adopted were compared with the grouped mean of the corresponding number of years immediately prior show marathon, half-marathon, and 10-km performance times were 1.7, 1.72, and 1.75% (p < 0.001, pη2 > 0.220) faster during the AFT period. Repeated performance analysis comparing the improvement in race times between the control group and athletes who adopted AFT showed athletes who adopted AFT improved significantly more over the marathon (2.64%, p < 0.001) and half-marathon (1.67%, p < 0.002). Advanced Footwear Technology correlated (r > 0.50) with improvements in the marathon and half-marathon, but not the 10-km. Based on multiple regression modelling, it can be suggested that wearing AFT improves marathon race time by 78 s (0.93%), and half-marathon race time by 28 s (0.71%). Based on these results, we observe a small but meaningful performance-enhancing effect of AFT within elite female athletes.
{"title":"Determining the effect and magnitude of advanced footwear technology on female distance running performance","authors":"Jamie O. Langley, H. Branthwaite, N. Chockalingam, J. J. Forsyth","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2219651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2219651","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is limited work, to date, in which the potential performance-enhancing effects of Advanced Footwear Technology (AFT) in the female elite athlete has been considered. This study aimed to retrospectively explore publicly available race data for a marathon, half-marathon, and 10-km elite events to analyse the effect of AFT, along with athlete and event characteristics, to determine the effect on female running performance. Race performance times for the top 20 female athletes within the world were extracted from 1990 to 2020 (n = 1722), along with athlete and event characteristics from 2010 to 2020 (n = 660). Data for race shoes were available for 655 of the 660 performances. The changes in grouped mean performance times over the years that AFT had been adopted were compared with the grouped mean of the corresponding number of years immediately prior show marathon, half-marathon, and 10-km performance times were 1.7, 1.72, and 1.75% (p < 0.001, pη2 > 0.220) faster during the AFT period. Repeated performance analysis comparing the improvement in race times between the control group and athletes who adopted AFT showed athletes who adopted AFT improved significantly more over the marathon (2.64%, p < 0.001) and half-marathon (1.67%, p < 0.002). Advanced Footwear Technology correlated (r > 0.50) with improvements in the marathon and half-marathon, but not the 10-km. Based on multiple regression modelling, it can be suggested that wearing AFT improves marathon race time by 78 s (0.93%), and half-marathon race time by 28 s (0.71%). Based on these results, we observe a small but meaningful performance-enhancing effect of AFT within elite female athletes.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"161 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2218327
M. Parker, M. Ho
Abstract Haglund’s deformity (HD) is an abnormal protrusion on the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus and a common foot deformity in skaters. Pain due to HD can hinder the skater’s balance and performance on ice. One of the non-surgical management of HD pain is to insert a heel raise into footwear. However, the use of heel raises may impact the biomechanics of skating and increase injury risk in the lower limb. The primary aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether the use of heel raises reduced pain caused by HD in figure skaters effectively. Eight experienced figure skaters performed 10 minutes of on-ice skating under two conditions 1) with heel raises and 2) without heel raises. To reduce bias, the order of the conditions was randomly assigned. Each skater provided their pain perception due to their HD according to a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Other variables such as foot posture, skate foot fit and HD size were also compared. The pilot results concluded that figure skaters with high arched foot types were more prone to more severe HD. Custom fit skates should be done weight bearing to allow for better accommodation of HD, and heel raise use did not significantly reduce HD pain. This pilot study provides initial evidence that challenges the current management of HD pain in figure skaters.
{"title":"The effectiveness of heel raises in managing Haglund deformity pain in figure skaters – a pilot study","authors":"M. Parker, M. Ho","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2218327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2218327","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Haglund’s deformity (HD) is an abnormal protrusion on the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus and a common foot deformity in skaters. Pain due to HD can hinder the skater’s balance and performance on ice. One of the non-surgical management of HD pain is to insert a heel raise into footwear. However, the use of heel raises may impact the biomechanics of skating and increase injury risk in the lower limb. The primary aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether the use of heel raises reduced pain caused by HD in figure skaters effectively. Eight experienced figure skaters performed 10 minutes of on-ice skating under two conditions 1) with heel raises and 2) without heel raises. To reduce bias, the order of the conditions was randomly assigned. Each skater provided their pain perception due to their HD according to a 10 cm visual analogue scale. Other variables such as foot posture, skate foot fit and HD size were also compared. The pilot results concluded that figure skaters with high arched foot types were more prone to more severe HD. Custom fit skates should be done weight bearing to allow for better accommodation of HD, and heel raise use did not significantly reduce HD pain. This pilot study provides initial evidence that challenges the current management of HD pain in figure skaters.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"179 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45401795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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