Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2200376
Hui Tang, Jiahao Pan, Li Li
Barefoot and minimalist shod running has been encouraged since they could reduce the risks of knee injuries and potentially improve running performance (Perl et al., 2012). One main factor differentiating natural-cushioning shoes from minimalist shoes is the height difference between heel and toe. Natural-cushioning shoes are available in a wide range of drops from 10 to 12mm, whereas minimalist shoes are measured from 0 to 8mm. Shoe manufacturers sell natural-cushioning shoes with 4–8mm heel-to-toe drops to appeal to the market. However, no clear experimental evidence has shown the positive effects of 4–8mm heel-to-toe drop shoes in runners.
{"title":"The biomechanical effects of shoe drop on foot strike and injury risk during running","authors":"Hui Tang, Jiahao Pan, Li Li","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2200376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2200376","url":null,"abstract":"Barefoot and minimalist shod running has been encouraged since they could reduce the risks of knee injuries and potentially improve running performance (Perl et al., 2012). One main factor differentiating natural-cushioning shoes from minimalist shoes is the height difference between heel and toe. Natural-cushioning shoes are available in a wide range of drops from 10 to 12mm, whereas minimalist shoes are measured from 0 to 8mm. Shoe manufacturers sell natural-cushioning shoes with 4–8mm heel-to-toe drops to appeal to the market. However, no clear experimental evidence has shown the positive effects of 4–8mm heel-to-toe drop shoes in runners.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46123693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199264
A. M. Muniz, Daniel de Paiva Brandão, Ícaro do Nascimento Costa, R. Marson, Rudnei Palhano, R. Bini, L. Menegaldo
Adriane Mara de Souza Muniz, Daniel de Paiva Brand~ao, Icaro do Nascimento Costa, Runer Marson , Rudnei Palhano, Rodrigo Rico Bini and Luciano Menegaldo Escola de Educaç~ao F ısica do Ex ercito (EsEFEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Engenharia Biom edica, PEB/COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa da Capacitaç~ao F ısica do Ex ercito (IPCFEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Brasileiro de Tecnologia do Couro, Calçado e Artefatos (IBTEc), Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil; La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
de Souza Adriane马拉穆尼斯,丹尼尔Paiva品牌~出生,伊卡洛斯海岸,罗娜•马森Rudnei Palhano,罗德里格斯和卢西亚诺Menegaldo学校的场~ Fı西卡的前夫ercito (EsEFEx里约热内卢,巴西);Biom edica工程项目，PEB/COPPE/UFRJ，里约热内卢de Janeiro，巴西;研究所的Capacitaç~ Fı西卡的前夫ercito (IPCFEx里约热内卢,巴西);巴西皮革、鞋类和工艺品技术研究所(IBTEc)，巴西新汉堡;澳大利亚本迪戈特罗布大学特罗布农村卫生学校
{"title":"Ground reaction force analysis of a prototype military boot with carbon-fibre plate mixed in midsole during gait: a preliminary study","authors":"A. M. Muniz, Daniel de Paiva Brandão, Ícaro do Nascimento Costa, R. Marson, Rudnei Palhano, R. Bini, L. Menegaldo","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199264","url":null,"abstract":"Adriane Mara de Souza Muniz, Daniel de Paiva Brand~ao, Icaro do Nascimento Costa, Runer Marson , Rudnei Palhano, Rodrigo Rico Bini and Luciano Menegaldo Escola de Educaç~ao F ısica do Ex ercito (EsEFEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Engenharia Biom edica, PEB/COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisa da Capacitaç~ao F ısica do Ex ercito (IPCFEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Brasileiro de Tecnologia do Couro, Calçado e Artefatos (IBTEc), Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil; La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199274
E. Matijevich, S. Nigg, E. Spyrou, Aiden Hallihan, B. Nigg
Well-fitting skates are essential for skillful task execution during hockey gameplay. It is generally believed for footwear (e.g. skates) to fit well, the internal shape must closely match an individual’s foot shape (Dobson et al., 2018). To accommodate variations in foot, brands often offer multiple fits (i.e. shapes) for each model (e.g. CCM Hockey offers a tapered, regular, and wide fit). Intuition guides that individuals with larger/wider feet prefer wide, and individuals with smaller/narrow feet prefer tapered. However, this has not been experimentally validated. Further, it is unclear which specific aspects of foot shape influence an individual’s preferred fit. 3D foot scanning combined with subjective fit tests may offer insights into which aspects of foot shape are most relevant for fit preference.
{"title":"Foot shape does not differ across preferred hockey skate fit groups","authors":"E. Matijevich, S. Nigg, E. Spyrou, Aiden Hallihan, B. Nigg","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199274","url":null,"abstract":"Well-fitting skates are essential for skillful task execution during hockey gameplay. It is generally believed for footwear (e.g. skates) to fit well, the internal shape must closely match an individual’s foot shape (Dobson et al., 2018). To accommodate variations in foot, brands often offer multiple fits (i.e. shapes) for each model (e.g. CCM Hockey offers a tapered, regular, and wide fit). Intuition guides that individuals with larger/wider feet prefer wide, and individuals with smaller/narrow feet prefer tapered. However, this has not been experimentally validated. Further, it is unclear which specific aspects of foot shape influence an individual’s preferred fit. 3D foot scanning combined with subjective fit tests may offer insights into which aspects of foot shape are most relevant for fit preference.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49284335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199260
N. Flores, S. Garcia, C. Morio
Foot and lower leg pronation is a universal movement occurring during locomotion (Nigg et al. 2019). Pronation is still cited as a risk factor in the apparition of some running-related overuse injuries although high evidence is lacking (Willwacher et al. 2022). Studying the influence of external loadings on internal loadings could help to understand the aetiology of tissue injury (Paquette and Miller, 2018). Such an approach could challenge the relevance of the pronation-related kinematic variables classically used in biomechanical studies, especially when an intervention like motion control footwear is assessed.
足部和小腿内旋是运动过程中普遍发生的动作(Nigg et al. 2019)。尽管缺乏充分的证据，但内翻仍被认为是一些与跑步相关的过度使用损伤出现的风险因素(Willwacher et al. 2022)。研究外负荷对内负荷的影响有助于了解组织损伤的病因(Paquette and Miller, 2018)。这种方法可能会挑战生物力学研究中经典使用的旋前相关运动学变量的相关性，特别是在评估运动控制鞋等干预措施时。
{"title":"Relationships between pronation-related kinematics and musculoskeletal loadings during running: implications for footwear","authors":"N. Flores, S. Garcia, C. Morio","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199260","url":null,"abstract":"Foot and lower leg pronation is a universal movement occurring during locomotion (Nigg et al. 2019). Pronation is still cited as a risk factor in the apparition of some running-related overuse injuries although high evidence is lacking (Willwacher et al. 2022). Studying the influence of external loadings on internal loadings could help to understand the aetiology of tissue injury (Paquette and Miller, 2018). Such an approach could challenge the relevance of the pronation-related kinematic variables classically used in biomechanical studies, especially when an intervention like motion control footwear is assessed.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46993036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199263
Xinxin Wang, Weijian Cai, Dahua Ren, Hao Yuan, M. Ruan
The running related injury rate has been reported as high as 37%-56% and keeps consistent to recently years (Mechelen et al. 1992; Messier et al. 2018). Although multifactorial factors can increase the risk of running related injuries, impact-related ground reaction force (GRF) variables, which include peak value of vertical GRF, vertical loading rate, may play a key role in the cause of injury. (Messier et al. 2018; Caleb et al. 2020). Accordingly, the use of cushioned or shock-absorbing shoes has been suggested since these shoes may reduce the impact forces during running (Rome et al. 2008). However, the effectiveness of shoes in reducing impact force remains controversial in the literature. Recently, highly cushioned shoes with a carbonfiber plate have received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. This new advanced running shoes may dramatically reduce the impact force and the vertical impact peak may be visually absent in the time-domain. However, a study showed that although a distinctive vertical impact peak may not be visible, frequencies representative of a significant vertical impact are present. (Gruber et al. 2017). Therefore, it remains a question if the highly cushioned shoes could change the frequency content of the GRF when the vertical impact peak is not visible in the time domain. Purpose of the study
{"title":"Time and frequency domain analysis of ground reaction force in highly cushioned shoes with a carbon-fiber plate","authors":"Xinxin Wang, Weijian Cai, Dahua Ren, Hao Yuan, M. Ruan","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199263","url":null,"abstract":"The running related injury rate has been reported as high as 37%-56% and keeps consistent to recently years (Mechelen et al. 1992; Messier et al. 2018). Although multifactorial factors can increase the risk of running related injuries, impact-related ground reaction force (GRF) variables, which include peak value of vertical GRF, vertical loading rate, may play a key role in the cause of injury. (Messier et al. 2018; Caleb et al. 2020). Accordingly, the use of cushioned or shock-absorbing shoes has been suggested since these shoes may reduce the impact forces during running (Rome et al. 2008). However, the effectiveness of shoes in reducing impact force remains controversial in the literature. Recently, highly cushioned shoes with a carbonfiber plate have received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. This new advanced running shoes may dramatically reduce the impact force and the vertical impact peak may be visually absent in the time-domain. However, a study showed that although a distinctive vertical impact peak may not be visible, frequencies representative of a significant vertical impact are present. (Gruber et al. 2017). Therefore, it remains a question if the highly cushioned shoes could change the frequency content of the GRF when the vertical impact peak is not visible in the time domain. Purpose of the study","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41503834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2202943
Justin R. Matties, K. M. Rowley
Recent lab testing with Nike Vaporfly2 (VP) shoes have revealed running economy (RE) benefits of 2.5–3% (Joubert & Garrett, 2022). With runners also anecdotally reporting less sore calf muscles and less ‘beat up’ legs after hard workouts compared to traditional racing flats, use of VP may cause runners to undergo physiological adaptations since their muscles may be aided during training by the shoe’s energy returning technology (Hoogkamer et al. 2018).
{"title":"A pilot study: effects of an 8-week training intervention in carbon-plated running shoes","authors":"Justin R. Matties, K. M. Rowley","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2202943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2202943","url":null,"abstract":"Recent lab testing with Nike Vaporfly2 (VP) shoes have revealed running economy (RE) benefits of 2.5–3% (Joubert & Garrett, 2022). With runners also anecdotally reporting less sore calf muscles and less ‘beat up’ legs after hard workouts compared to traditional racing flats, use of VP may cause runners to undergo physiological adaptations since their muscles may be aided during training by the shoe’s energy returning technology (Hoogkamer et al. 2018).","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48518227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199301
Anja-Verena Behling, M. Rainbow, Lauren Welte, L. Kelly
Footwear development often emphasizes the need to optimize for fit and performance. One potential factor affecting both aspects is foot shape. When considering foot shape, we generally quantify the external shape (e.g., Schuster, Cresswell & Kelly, 2023). However, it is the shape of internal structures (e.g., bone), that most likely affect both the fit and function of the shoes we wear and is also driving external shape. As a first step to understanding how internal skeletal shape and function might affect footwear fit and performance, we applied novel musculoskeletal imaging technology and statistical shape modelling to determine the relationship between talus bone shapes and subtalar joint motion whilst running in minimalist shoes.
{"title":"Talus shape predicts subtalar running kinematics in minimalist shoes","authors":"Anja-Verena Behling, M. Rainbow, Lauren Welte, L. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199301","url":null,"abstract":"Footwear development often emphasizes the need to optimize for fit and performance. One potential factor affecting both aspects is foot shape. When considering foot shape, we generally quantify the external shape (e.g., Schuster, Cresswell & Kelly, 2023). However, it is the shape of internal structures (e.g., bone), that most likely affect both the fit and function of the shoes we wear and is also driving external shape. As a first step to understanding how internal skeletal shape and function might affect footwear fit and performance, we applied novel musculoskeletal imaging technology and statistical shape modelling to determine the relationship between talus bone shapes and subtalar joint motion whilst running in minimalist shoes.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199388
Sanghyuk Han, J. Isherwood, Minkyoo Cho, Nakyung Sung, T. Sterzing
With record-breaking performance recently seen in track and field running events and associated with advanced footwear, also sprint spikes are increasingly researched. Current sprint spikes combine multiple features, e.g. lightweight, compliant and resilient foams, tensile bags and high longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) (Healey et al., 2022). Teasing out performance benefits of sprint spikes, however, remains challenging due to the race task being maximum effort of an individual athlete. It is recommended to research performance of sprint spikes by single-subject analysis given the variation in biomechanical variables among elite sprinters (Bezodis et al., 2014).
随着最近在田径比赛中破纪录的表现，以及与先进的鞋类有关的短跑鞋也越来越多地被研究。目前的冲刺尖峰结合了多种特征，例如轻质、柔韧性和弹性泡沫、拉伸袋和高纵向弯曲刚度(LBS) (Healey等，2022)。然而，由于比赛任务是单个运动员的最大努力，因此梳理短跑峰值的表现优势仍然具有挑战性。考虑到优秀短跑运动员之间生物力学变量的差异，建议通过单受试者分析来研究冲刺冲刺的表现(Bezodis et al.， 2014)。
{"title":"Influence of shoe and athlete on 100 m sprint acceleration biomechanics","authors":"Sanghyuk Han, J. Isherwood, Minkyoo Cho, Nakyung Sung, T. Sterzing","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199388","url":null,"abstract":"With record-breaking performance recently seen in track and field running events and associated with advanced footwear, also sprint spikes are increasingly researched. Current sprint spikes combine multiple features, e.g. lightweight, compliant and resilient foams, tensile bags and high longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) (Healey et al., 2022). Teasing out performance benefits of sprint spikes, however, remains challenging due to the race task being maximum effort of an individual athlete. It is recommended to research performance of sprint spikes by single-subject analysis given the variation in biomechanical variables among elite sprinters (Bezodis et al., 2014).","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41405138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2203523
Christian A. Clermont, M. Pineda, Kevin Guan, P. Stergiou, M. Asmussen
Measuring plantar pressure distributions while running can provide detailed information about the distribution of force over different regions of the foot. Some footwear properties, such as midsole cushioning, have been shown to alter peak plantar pressures in the midfoot, metatarsal and toe regions (Wiegerinck et al., 2009), which may influence the risk of running-related foot injuries (e.g., stress fractures and plantar heel pain). Along with midsole cushioning, a key component of advanced footwear technology is the increase in longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) with an embedded carbon fibre plate (Ortega, 2021). Running in footwear with increased LBS from a carbon fibre plate has been associated with an increased risk of bone stress injuries (Tenforde, 2023), but the mechanisms behind this relationship are not fully understood. Therefore, measuring plantar pressure distributions while running in footwear with increased LBS can help us better understand the influence of carbon fibre plated shoes on performance and injury.
{"title":"Peak plantar pressures in running footwear with increased longitudinal bending stiffness","authors":"Christian A. Clermont, M. Pineda, Kevin Guan, P. Stergiou, M. Asmussen","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2203523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2203523","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring plantar pressure distributions while running can provide detailed information about the distribution of force over different regions of the foot. Some footwear properties, such as midsole cushioning, have been shown to alter peak plantar pressures in the midfoot, metatarsal and toe regions (Wiegerinck et al., 2009), which may influence the risk of running-related foot injuries (e.g., stress fractures and plantar heel pain). Along with midsole cushioning, a key component of advanced footwear technology is the increase in longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) with an embedded carbon fibre plate (Ortega, 2021). Running in footwear with increased LBS from a carbon fibre plate has been associated with an increased risk of bone stress injuries (Tenforde, 2023), but the mechanisms behind this relationship are not fully understood. Therefore, measuring plantar pressure distributions while running in footwear with increased LBS can help us better understand the influence of carbon fibre plated shoes on performance and injury.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199403
Y. Yoshikawa, T. Iwai
Falls in everyday life can cause serious disability or death especially in older people. Recently, the need for safety against falls has increased, thus shoes are required to have high slip resistance, even on wet surfaces with water or oil. On a smooth surface, most of the friction is adhesive. Adhesion friction is caused by adhesion at the interface where the shoe sole and the road surface are in contact each other. When the surface is wetted with water or oil, the total frictional force is greatly reduced because the contact area is reduced by the intervening liquid film, thereby reducing the adhesive friction. The tread pattern of the shoe sole forms grooves which allow water to escape and promote contact between the shoe sole and the road surface. Therefore, the design of the sole tread pattern has a significant effect on slip resistance on smooth surfaces. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tread pattern and develop a new tread pattern by observing the sliding state simply under lubrication using specimens that simulate the tread pattern of a shoe sole. The coefficient of friction was acquired by traction tests, and at the same time, visualization of fluid flow by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was attempted. PIV is a method of visualizing fluid flow by tracking the motion of particles dispersed in the fluid.
{"title":"Evaluation of tread pattern by observing interface between shoe sole and sliding surface","authors":"Y. Yoshikawa, T. Iwai","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199403","url":null,"abstract":"Falls in everyday life can cause serious disability or death especially in older people. Recently, the need for safety against falls has increased, thus shoes are required to have high slip resistance, even on wet surfaces with water or oil. On a smooth surface, most of the friction is adhesive. Adhesion friction is caused by adhesion at the interface where the shoe sole and the road surface are in contact each other. When the surface is wetted with water or oil, the total frictional force is greatly reduced because the contact area is reduced by the intervening liquid film, thereby reducing the adhesive friction. The tread pattern of the shoe sole forms grooves which allow water to escape and promote contact between the shoe sole and the road surface. Therefore, the design of the sole tread pattern has a significant effect on slip resistance on smooth surfaces. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tread pattern and develop a new tread pattern by observing the sliding state simply under lubrication using specimens that simulate the tread pattern of a shoe sole. The coefficient of friction was acquired by traction tests, and at the same time, visualization of fluid flow by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was attempted. PIV is a method of visualizing fluid flow by tracking the motion of particles dispersed in the fluid.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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