Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199287
Walter Menke, Cary M. Springer, Songning Zhang
Biomechanics research can have limited direct application to the clinical world because of specialized, expensive equipment that requires trained personnel to operate. The Loadsol is a wireless insole device used to measure vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and fills a need for measuring force in a clinical setting at a lower cost. The reliability of the Loadsol during running has been published (Seiberl et al., 2018), but there is no current literature regarding reliability in cycling. Cycling has been clinically prescribed during lower limb rehabilitation protocols, osteoarthritis prevention and symptom management as a result of decreased knee loading for patients (Kutzner et al., 2012). Therefore, the reliability and validity of the Loadsol during cycling when compared to 3D force sensing pedals are important and has not been addressed.
生物力学研究在临床领域的直接应用有限，因为专业的、昂贵的设备需要训练有素的人员来操作。Loadsol是一种无线鞋垫设备，用于测量垂直地面反作用力(GRF)，满足了在临床环境中以较低成本测量力的需求。Loadsol在运行过程中的可靠性已经发表(Seiberl et al.， 2018)，但目前没有关于循环可靠性的文献。由于患者膝关节负荷减少，骑车已被临床应用于下肢康复方案、骨关节炎预防和症状管理(Kutzner et al.， 2012)。因此，与3D力传感踏板相比，Loadsol在循环过程中的可靠性和有效性很重要，但尚未得到解决。
{"title":"Systematic and proportional bias using Loadsol during stationary cycling","authors":"Walter Menke, Cary M. Springer, Songning Zhang","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199287","url":null,"abstract":"Biomechanics research can have limited direct application to the clinical world because of specialized, expensive equipment that requires trained personnel to operate. The Loadsol is a wireless insole device used to measure vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and fills a need for measuring force in a clinical setting at a lower cost. The reliability of the Loadsol during running has been published (Seiberl et al., 2018), but there is no current literature regarding reliability in cycling. Cycling has been clinically prescribed during lower limb rehabilitation protocols, osteoarthritis prevention and symptom management as a result of decreased knee loading for patients (Kutzner et al., 2012). Therefore, the reliability and validity of the Loadsol during cycling when compared to 3D force sensing pedals are important and has not been addressed.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S64 - S65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47880362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199389
Lisa Paillard, Alexis Herbaut, Simon Duraffourg
Tennis is an intense sport requiring multidirectional displacements and many acceleration-deceleration phases on the court. This results in large ground impacts up to 2.5 bodyweight together with a sagittal foot angle above 40 degrees (Herbaut et al., 2016). Such impacts localised on the heel generate large loading rate and peak pressure which may cause acute or overuse injuries, even more when the player wears improper shoes. Shoe heel geometry can have an influence on impact characteristics. For instance, a flattened heel geometry induces a larger impact loading rate in badminton lunges when compared to a rounded heel geometry (Lam et al., 2017). Yet the optimal curvature of the rear part of the shoe remains unknown in order to minimise impact parameters such as the loading rate.
{"title":"Determination of optimal rear sole geometry for tennis shoes: a finite element analysis","authors":"Lisa Paillard, Alexis Herbaut, Simon Duraffourg","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199389","url":null,"abstract":"Tennis is an intense sport requiring multidirectional displacements and many acceleration-deceleration phases on the court. This results in large ground impacts up to 2.5 bodyweight together with a sagittal foot angle above 40 degrees (Herbaut et al., 2016). Such impacts localised on the heel generate large loading rate and peak pressure which may cause acute or overuse injuries, even more when the player wears improper shoes. Shoe heel geometry can have an influence on impact characteristics. For instance, a flattened heel geometry induces a larger impact loading rate in badminton lunges when compared to a rounded heel geometry (Lam et al., 2017). Yet the optimal curvature of the rear part of the shoe remains unknown in order to minimise impact parameters such as the loading rate.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S113 - S114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42774922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2203523
Christian A. Clermont, M. Pineda, Kevin Guan, P. Stergiou, M. Asmussen
Measuring plantar pressure distributions while running can provide detailed information about the distribution of force over different regions of the foot. Some footwear properties, such as midsole cushioning, have been shown to alter peak plantar pressures in the midfoot, metatarsal and toe regions (Wiegerinck et al., 2009), which may influence the risk of running-related foot injuries (e.g., stress fractures and plantar heel pain). Along with midsole cushioning, a key component of advanced footwear technology is the increase in longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) with an embedded carbon fibre plate (Ortega, 2021). Running in footwear with increased LBS from a carbon fibre plate has been associated with an increased risk of bone stress injuries (Tenforde, 2023), but the mechanisms behind this relationship are not fully understood. Therefore, measuring plantar pressure distributions while running in footwear with increased LBS can help us better understand the influence of carbon fibre plated shoes on performance and injury.
{"title":"Peak plantar pressures in running footwear with increased longitudinal bending stiffness","authors":"Christian A. Clermont, M. Pineda, Kevin Guan, P. Stergiou, M. Asmussen","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2203523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2203523","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring plantar pressure distributions while running can provide detailed information about the distribution of force over different regions of the foot. Some footwear properties, such as midsole cushioning, have been shown to alter peak plantar pressures in the midfoot, metatarsal and toe regions (Wiegerinck et al., 2009), which may influence the risk of running-related foot injuries (e.g., stress fractures and plantar heel pain). Along with midsole cushioning, a key component of advanced footwear technology is the increase in longitudinal bending stiffness (LBS) with an embedded carbon fibre plate (Ortega, 2021). Running in footwear with increased LBS from a carbon fibre plate has been associated with an increased risk of bone stress injuries (Tenforde, 2023), but the mechanisms behind this relationship are not fully understood. Therefore, measuring plantar pressure distributions while running in footwear with increased LBS can help us better understand the influence of carbon fibre plated shoes on performance and injury.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S193 - S195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199392
Sunil K. Prajapati, L. Brooks, E. Farina, P. Weyand
Engineering innovation and material science have arguably revolutionized the footwear-distance running performance relationship in the last half decade. The newly designed, thick-soled, distance racing shoes have substantially reduced the chemical energy that running requires. Because endurance performance directly depends on energy supply and demand, reductions in demand elevate the racing speeds possible on the body’s limited supply of aerobic energy. Equivalently novel footwear designs have also come forth for the sprint running events. The new designs have several features (including soft and resilient cushioning) that could influence sprinting mechanics and performance. Because speed maintenance is extremely sensitive to step numbers and the total time of foot-ground contact (Bundle & Weyand, 2012; McClelland & Weyand, 2022), the novel designs could induce gait timing alterations that improve performance.
{"title":"Can contemporary racing spikes improve sprint running performance?","authors":"Sunil K. Prajapati, L. Brooks, E. Farina, P. Weyand","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199392","url":null,"abstract":"Engineering innovation and material science have arguably revolutionized the footwear-distance running performance relationship in the last half decade. The newly designed, thick-soled, distance racing shoes have substantially reduced the chemical energy that running requires. Because endurance performance directly depends on energy supply and demand, reductions in demand elevate the racing speeds possible on the body’s limited supply of aerobic energy. Equivalently novel footwear designs have also come forth for the sprint running events. The new designs have several features (including soft and resilient cushioning) that could influence sprinting mechanics and performance. Because speed maintenance is extremely sensitive to step numbers and the total time of foot-ground contact (Bundle & Weyand, 2012; McClelland & Weyand, 2022), the novel designs could induce gait timing alterations that improve performance.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S120 - S121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42909326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199301
Anja-Verena Behling, M. Rainbow, Lauren Welte, L. Kelly
Footwear development often emphasizes the need to optimize for fit and performance. One potential factor affecting both aspects is foot shape. When considering foot shape, we generally quantify the external shape (e.g., Schuster, Cresswell & Kelly, 2023). However, it is the shape of internal structures (e.g., bone), that most likely affect both the fit and function of the shoes we wear and is also driving external shape. As a first step to understanding how internal skeletal shape and function might affect footwear fit and performance, we applied novel musculoskeletal imaging technology and statistical shape modelling to determine the relationship between talus bone shapes and subtalar joint motion whilst running in minimalist shoes.
{"title":"Talus shape predicts subtalar running kinematics in minimalist shoes","authors":"Anja-Verena Behling, M. Rainbow, Lauren Welte, L. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199301","url":null,"abstract":"Footwear development often emphasizes the need to optimize for fit and performance. One potential factor affecting both aspects is foot shape. When considering foot shape, we generally quantify the external shape (e.g., Schuster, Cresswell & Kelly, 2023). However, it is the shape of internal structures (e.g., bone), that most likely affect both the fit and function of the shoes we wear and is also driving external shape. As a first step to understanding how internal skeletal shape and function might affect footwear fit and performance, we applied novel musculoskeletal imaging technology and statistical shape modelling to determine the relationship between talus bone shapes and subtalar joint motion whilst running in minimalist shoes.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S86 - S88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48595996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199403
Y. Yoshikawa, T. Iwai
Falls in everyday life can cause serious disability or death especially in older people. Recently, the need for safety against falls has increased, thus shoes are required to have high slip resistance, even on wet surfaces with water or oil. On a smooth surface, most of the friction is adhesive. Adhesion friction is caused by adhesion at the interface where the shoe sole and the road surface are in contact each other. When the surface is wetted with water or oil, the total frictional force is greatly reduced because the contact area is reduced by the intervening liquid film, thereby reducing the adhesive friction. The tread pattern of the shoe sole forms grooves which allow water to escape and promote contact between the shoe sole and the road surface. Therefore, the design of the sole tread pattern has a significant effect on slip resistance on smooth surfaces. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tread pattern and develop a new tread pattern by observing the sliding state simply under lubrication using specimens that simulate the tread pattern of a shoe sole. The coefficient of friction was acquired by traction tests, and at the same time, visualization of fluid flow by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was attempted. PIV is a method of visualizing fluid flow by tracking the motion of particles dispersed in the fluid.
{"title":"Evaluation of tread pattern by observing interface between shoe sole and sliding surface","authors":"Y. Yoshikawa, T. Iwai","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199403","url":null,"abstract":"Falls in everyday life can cause serious disability or death especially in older people. Recently, the need for safety against falls has increased, thus shoes are required to have high slip resistance, even on wet surfaces with water or oil. On a smooth surface, most of the friction is adhesive. Adhesion friction is caused by adhesion at the interface where the shoe sole and the road surface are in contact each other. When the surface is wetted with water or oil, the total frictional force is greatly reduced because the contact area is reduced by the intervening liquid film, thereby reducing the adhesive friction. The tread pattern of the shoe sole forms grooves which allow water to escape and promote contact between the shoe sole and the road surface. Therefore, the design of the sole tread pattern has a significant effect on slip resistance on smooth surfaces. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the tread pattern and develop a new tread pattern by observing the sliding state simply under lubrication using specimens that simulate the tread pattern of a shoe sole. The coefficient of friction was acquired by traction tests, and at the same time, visualization of fluid flow by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was attempted. PIV is a method of visualizing fluid flow by tracking the motion of particles dispersed in the fluid.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S140 - S141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199290
Matthew Stoner, Stephanie Grady, T. Drayton, Wing-Kai Lam, C. Apps
The foot muscles stiffen the metatarsophalangeal joint during the propulsive phase of jumping. This increases the external moment arm of the ground reaction force and increases plantar flexor force production (Smith et al., 2022) and may explain the increased vertical heights (Yamauchi & Koyama, 2020) and horizontal jump distances (Goldmann et al., 2013) associated with foot strength. Previous foot training interventions that improved jump performance mostly utilised specific toe flexor strengthening exercises. The short foot exercise (SFE) requires no equipment and involves raising the medial longitudinal arch by drawing in the metatarsal heads which target the intrinsic foot muscles (Gooding et al., 2016). Yet, the effect on jump performance is unknown. Moreover, previous foot training interventions have not considered the effect of footwear on jump performance. Footwear stiffness has been shown to enhance jump height (Lam et al., 2018), but may diminish the effect of stronger foot muscles.
在跳跃的推进阶段，足部肌肉使跖趾关节变硬。这增加了地面反力的外力臂，增加了足底屈肌力的产生(Smith et al.， 2022)，并可以解释与足部力量相关的垂直高度(Yamauchi & Koyama, 2020)和水平跳跃距离(Goldmann et al.， 2013)的增加。以前的足部训练干预，提高跳跃性能主要利用特定的脚趾屈肌加强练习。短足运动(SFE)不需要任何设备，通过拉伸针对足部内在肌肉的跖骨头来提高内侧纵弓(Gooding等人，2016)。然而，对跳跃性能的影响是未知的。此外，以前的足部训练干预并没有考虑到鞋类对跳跃表现的影响。鞋子的硬度已被证明可以提高跳跃高度(Lam等人，2018)，但可能会削弱更强壮的足部肌肉的效果。
{"title":"A 6-week short foot exercise intervention enhances barefoot and shod vertical but not horizontal jump performance in team sports players","authors":"Matthew Stoner, Stephanie Grady, T. Drayton, Wing-Kai Lam, C. Apps","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199290","url":null,"abstract":"The foot muscles stiffen the metatarsophalangeal joint during the propulsive phase of jumping. This increases the external moment arm of the ground reaction force and increases plantar flexor force production (Smith et al., 2022) and may explain the increased vertical heights (Yamauchi & Koyama, 2020) and horizontal jump distances (Goldmann et al., 2013) associated with foot strength. Previous foot training interventions that improved jump performance mostly utilised specific toe flexor strengthening exercises. The short foot exercise (SFE) requires no equipment and involves raising the medial longitudinal arch by drawing in the metatarsal heads which target the intrinsic foot muscles (Gooding et al., 2016). Yet, the effect on jump performance is unknown. Moreover, previous foot training interventions have not considered the effect of footwear on jump performance. Footwear stiffness has been shown to enhance jump height (Lam et al., 2018), but may diminish the effect of stronger foot muscles.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S70 - S71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48010992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2202943
Justin R. Matties, K. M. Rowley
Recent lab testing with Nike Vaporfly2 (VP) shoes have revealed running economy (RE) benefits of 2.5–3% (Joubert & Garrett, 2022). With runners also anecdotally reporting less sore calf muscles and less ‘beat up’ legs after hard workouts compared to traditional racing flats, use of VP may cause runners to undergo physiological adaptations since their muscles may be aided during training by the shoe’s energy returning technology (Hoogkamer et al. 2018).
{"title":"A pilot study: effects of an 8-week training intervention in carbon-plated running shoes","authors":"Justin R. Matties, K. M. Rowley","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2202943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2202943","url":null,"abstract":"Recent lab testing with Nike Vaporfly2 (VP) shoes have revealed running economy (RE) benefits of 2.5–3% (Joubert & Garrett, 2022). With runners also anecdotally reporting less sore calf muscles and less ‘beat up’ legs after hard workouts compared to traditional racing flats, use of VP may cause runners to undergo physiological adaptations since their muscles may be aided during training by the shoe’s energy returning technology (Hoogkamer et al. 2018).","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S182 - S183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48518227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199396
J. Kang, Hojong Gil, Soo-ji Han, Sukhoon Yoon, Jiseon Ryu, Sang-Kyoon Park
The sliding motion in tennis caused by proper friction of tennis shoes enables quick change of direction (Pavailler & Horvais, 2014) and reduces the load on the joints (Damm et al., 2014). Accordingly, tennis shoe manufacturers are changing the design of the outsole pattern so that the intentional sliding motion appears. However, there is a lack of accurate criteria or data in designing the level and direction of friction for the pattern of the outsole of tennis shoes.
网球鞋的适当摩擦引起的网球滑动运动可以快速改变方向(Pavailler & Horvais, 2014)，并减少关节的负荷(Damm et al.， 2014)。因此，网球鞋制造商正在改变大底图案的设计，以便出现有意的滑动运动。然而，在设计网球鞋大底图案的摩擦水平和方向时，缺乏准确的标准或数据。
{"title":"The effect of modified friction by the outsole tread patterns on joint biomechanics during tennis specific movements","authors":"J. Kang, Hojong Gil, Soo-ji Han, Sukhoon Yoon, Jiseon Ryu, Sang-Kyoon Park","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199396","url":null,"abstract":"The sliding motion in tennis caused by proper friction of tennis shoes enables quick change of direction (Pavailler & Horvais, 2014) and reduces the load on the joints (Damm et al., 2014). Accordingly, tennis shoe manufacturers are changing the design of the outsole pattern so that the intentional sliding motion appears. However, there is a lack of accurate criteria or data in designing the level and direction of friction for the pattern of the outsole of tennis shoes.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S127 - S129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45640853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199385
L. Reed, T. Brauner, T. Horstmann, S. Wearing
This study used transmission-mode ultrasound (US) to evaluate the effect of shoe stiffness and energy loss on Achilles tendon loading during walking. As the speed of US is governed by the density and elastic modulus of tendon and is proportional to the tensile load to which it is exposed (Pourcelot et al., 2005), it was hypothesized that the US velocity in the Achilles tendon would be greater in footwear with lower midsole stiffness.
本研究使用透射模式超声(US)来评估步行时鞋子刚度和能量损失对跟腱负荷的影响。由于US的速度是由肌腱的密度和弹性模量决定的，并且与它所承受的拉伸载荷成正比(Pourcelot et al.， 2005)，因此假设在中底刚度较低的鞋类中，跟腱中的US速度会更大。
{"title":"Is the energy loss of footwear related to Achilles tendon loading during treadmill walking?","authors":"L. Reed, T. Brauner, T. Horstmann, S. Wearing","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199385","url":null,"abstract":"This study used transmission-mode ultrasound (US) to evaluate the effect of shoe stiffness and energy loss on Achilles tendon loading during walking. As the speed of US is governed by the density and elastic modulus of tendon and is proportional to the tensile load to which it is exposed (Pourcelot et al., 2005), it was hypothesized that the US velocity in the Achilles tendon would be greater in footwear with lower midsole stiffness.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"S103 - S104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41784864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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