Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199313
Shin Hirai, Shunsuke Tazawa, Keisuke Kushida
Shoe preferences have been reported to affect running performance and injury (Nigg et al., 2017). Therefore, understanding the shoe preference of runners is essential for designing running footwear. The ride feeling during the latter half of the contact phase is one of the key elements determining shoe preference. In this phase, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and rolling forward on to the forefoot occur simultaneously and affect the ride feeling. These parameters are often independently evaluated, but no evaluation has been made that reveals their contribution to the overall running movement. Constructing such an evaluation method is important to develop a running shoe that meets the runner’s preferences.
{"title":"Simultaneous evaluation method of segments and joints angle in the latter half of contact phase during running","authors":"Shin Hirai, Shunsuke Tazawa, Keisuke Kushida","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199313","url":null,"abstract":"Shoe preferences have been reported to affect running performance and injury (Nigg et al., 2017). Therefore, understanding the shoe preference of runners is essential for designing running footwear. The ride feeling during the latter half of the contact phase is one of the key elements determining shoe preference. In this phase, dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and rolling forward on to the forefoot occur simultaneously and affect the ride feeling. These parameters are often independently evaluated, but no evaluation has been made that reveals their contribution to the overall running movement. Constructing such an evaluation method is important to develop a running shoe that meets the runner’s preferences.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42872905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199271
Kathryn Harrison, Bethany Kilpatrick, Milena Singletary, E. Honert, Daniel F. Feeney
The ability to brake with the stride leg while throwing is critical for fast ball velocity. Braking can be measured using both kinetics and kinematics (Kageyama et al., 2014); it may be reflected in different variables for various throwing styles. Distal rearfoot power encompasses several metrics related to throwing performance. It is calculated using ground reaction forces and 6-degree of freedom foot kinematics, and quantifies the energy absorbed and returned by the foot-shoe complex (Matijevich et al., 2022). Thus, it could be affected by a player’s footwear. No research has investigated the effect of shoe upper on throwing performance.
{"title":"Shoe upper and baseball throwing performance","authors":"Kathryn Harrison, Bethany Kilpatrick, Milena Singletary, E. Honert, Daniel F. Feeney","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199271","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to brake with the stride leg while throwing is critical for fast ball velocity. Braking can be measured using both kinetics and kinematics (Kageyama et al., 2014); it may be reflected in different variables for various throwing styles. Distal rearfoot power encompasses several metrics related to throwing performance. It is calculated using ground reaction forces and 6-degree of freedom foot kinematics, and quantifies the energy absorbed and returned by the foot-shoe complex (Matijevich et al., 2022). Thus, it could be affected by a player’s footwear. No research has investigated the effect of shoe upper on throwing performance.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47775054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199410
F. G. Lysdal, C. Jenkins, Lasse Jakobsen, S. McErlain-Naylor, D. Fong
Filip G. Lysdal, Casey Jenkins, Lasse Jakobsen, Stuart McErlain-Naylor and Daniel Fong Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Filip G.Lysdal、Casey Jenkins、Lasse Jakobsen、Stuart McErlain Naylor和Daniel Fong Sport，联合健康与性能科学，圣玛丽大学，英国特威克纳姆；拉夫堡大学体育、锻炼与健康科学学院，拉夫堡，英国；体育科学-性能与技术，奥尔堡大学，丹麦奥尔堡；丹麦林比丹麦技术大学机械工程系
{"title":"Spraino reduces impact coefficient of friction and inversion moment during mechanical simulations of the initial contact of a lateral ankle sprain injury in badminton","authors":"F. G. Lysdal, C. Jenkins, Lasse Jakobsen, S. McErlain-Naylor, D. Fong","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199410","url":null,"abstract":"Filip G. Lysdal, Casey Jenkins, Lasse Jakobsen, Stuart McErlain-Naylor and Daniel Fong Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St. Mary’s University, Twickenham, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; Sport Sciences–Performance and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48197886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199294
Alexis Herbaut, Lisa Paillard, N. Flores
Tennis is a sport with repeated high-intensity runs and changes of direction, where lower limbs are particularly prone to overuse injuries due to the repetition of large foot impacts with the ground (Abrams et al. 2012). Running shoes geometries and cushioning properties benefited from a lot of research over the last decades. Many advanced technologies were designed and some of them were applied to tennis shoes. However, it is commonly accepted that tennis movements are different from running and few studies investigated the biomechanics of tennis-specific movements and the consequences for tennis shoe design.
网球是一项需要反复高强度奔跑和改变方向的运动，由于足部反复撞击地面，下肢特别容易出现过度使用损伤(Abrams et al. 2012)。跑鞋的几何形状和缓冲性能得益于过去几十年的大量研究。设计了许多先进的技术，其中一些应用于网球鞋。然而，人们普遍认为网球运动与跑步不同，很少有研究调查网球特定运动的生物力学及其对网球鞋设计的影响。
{"title":"Plantar pressure comparison between running and tennis ground impacts","authors":"Alexis Herbaut, Lisa Paillard, N. Flores","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199294","url":null,"abstract":"Tennis is a sport with repeated high-intensity runs and changes of direction, where lower limbs are particularly prone to overuse injuries due to the repetition of large foot impacts with the ground (Abrams et al. 2012). Running shoes geometries and cushioning properties benefited from a lot of research over the last decades. Many advanced technologies were designed and some of them were applied to tennis shoes. However, it is commonly accepted that tennis movements are different from running and few studies investigated the biomechanics of tennis-specific movements and the consequences for tennis shoe design.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199289
Kathy Reyes, C. Pollard, J. Hannigan
Footwear companies have altered midsole cushioning, offering both maximal and minimal shoes, in an attempt to reduce the risk of injury or enhance running performance. Researchers have investigated certain aspects of running biomechanics in these shoes, finding differences in ankle kinematics (Hannigan & Pollard, 2020), Achilles tendon forces (Sinclair et al., 2015), and patellofemoral joint loading (Sinclair et al., 2016) between shoes. Joint work, a measure of energy transfer through the joint, may also be important to consider when comparing running biomechanics. However, the effect of maximal and minimal shoes on ankle, knee and hip joint work during running has not been thoroughly studied to date.
鞋类公司已经改变了中底缓冲，提供最大和最小的鞋子，试图减少受伤的风险或提高跑步性能。研究人员已经研究了这些鞋子的跑步生物力学的某些方面，发现了不同鞋子在脚踝运动学(Hannigan & Pollard, 2020)、跟腱力(Sinclair et al.， 2015)和髌股关节负荷(Sinclair et al.， 2016)方面的差异。关节功，一种通过关节传递能量的测量，在比较跑步生物力学时也可能是重要的考虑因素。然而，跑鞋的最大和最小对跑步过程中踝关节、膝关节和髋关节工作的影响至今尚未得到充分的研究。
{"title":"Effect of midsole cushioning on ankle, knee, and hip joint work during running","authors":"Kathy Reyes, C. Pollard, J. Hannigan","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199289","url":null,"abstract":"Footwear companies have altered midsole cushioning, offering both maximal and minimal shoes, in an attempt to reduce the risk of injury or enhance running performance. Researchers have investigated certain aspects of running biomechanics in these shoes, finding differences in ankle kinematics (Hannigan & Pollard, 2020), Achilles tendon forces (Sinclair et al., 2015), and patellofemoral joint loading (Sinclair et al., 2016) between shoes. Joint work, a measure of energy transfer through the joint, may also be important to consider when comparing running biomechanics. However, the effect of maximal and minimal shoes on ankle, knee and hip joint work during running has not been thoroughly studied to date.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44362467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199283
H. Branthwaite, Wendy Carswell, Shin Hirai, N. Chockalingam
Falling due to loss of balance in adults over 65 years of age is common. Prior to a fall occurring progressive muscle weakness and reduced sensory input occurs with sarcopenia commencing from 40 years and mechanoreceptors shrinking 75% by 60. It is well established that exercises in at risk populations improves balance and there is growing evidence to support cutaneous stimulation of the foot with textured surfaces. However, compliance to adhere to treatment can be varied and the initial effect is lost after time. Textured footwear used for athletes improved recovery (Hirai et al., 2019). Using footwear as an intervention for balance would address compliance and could revolutionize falls prevention.
{"title":"Use of textured footwear as an intervention for falls in healthy older adults","authors":"H. Branthwaite, Wendy Carswell, Shin Hirai, N. Chockalingam","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199283","url":null,"abstract":"Falling due to loss of balance in adults over 65 years of age is common. Prior to a fall occurring progressive muscle weakness and reduced sensory input occurs with sarcopenia commencing from 40 years and mechanoreceptors shrinking 75% by 60. It is well established that exercises in at risk populations improves balance and there is growing evidence to support cutaneous stimulation of the foot with textured surfaces. However, compliance to adhere to treatment can be varied and the initial effect is lost after time. Textured footwear used for athletes improved recovery (Hirai et al., 2019). Using footwear as an intervention for balance would address compliance and could revolutionize falls prevention.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44098171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2199404
R. Needham, A. Healy, Szilvia Kiraly, Philip Walker, N. Chockalingam
Performance in Olympic weightlifting is measured by an athlete’s ability to lift maximally during both the snatch and the clean and jerk. Evidence suggests that weightlifting performance is strongly associated with optimal timings in peak lower extremity net joint moments (NJM) at specific phases of the lifts (Kipp et al., 2012). In addition, internal NJM at the ankle and knee greatly contribute to barbell velocity and acceleration (Kipp, 2022). However, due to the technical skill required to perform the snatch and the clean and jerk, research on weightlifting typically recruits experienced weightlifters who would wear weightlifting shoes (WLS). Weightlifting shoes provide favourable compensatory movements that aid in performance. For example, the heel lift feature of a WLS encourages an upright trunk and shank posture and allows for a greater squat depth. Yet it is common for athletes in the weightlifting community to choose footwear without the traditional heel lift feature for training and competition.
{"title":"Effect of footwear on lower extremity net joint moments and barbell kinematics in weightlifting: a case study","authors":"R. Needham, A. Healy, Szilvia Kiraly, Philip Walker, N. Chockalingam","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199404","url":null,"abstract":"Performance in Olympic weightlifting is measured by an athlete’s ability to lift maximally during both the snatch and the clean and jerk. Evidence suggests that weightlifting performance is strongly associated with optimal timings in peak lower extremity net joint moments (NJM) at specific phases of the lifts (Kipp et al., 2012). In addition, internal NJM at the ankle and knee greatly contribute to barbell velocity and acceleration (Kipp, 2022). However, due to the technical skill required to perform the snatch and the clean and jerk, research on weightlifting typically recruits experienced weightlifters who would wear weightlifting shoes (WLS). Weightlifting shoes provide favourable compensatory movements that aid in performance. For example, the heel lift feature of a WLS encourages an upright trunk and shank posture and allows for a greater squat depth. Yet it is common for athletes in the weightlifting community to choose footwear without the traditional heel lift feature for training and competition.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60304809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2200393
D. Krumm, Laura Lippert, S. Odenwald, Daniel Potts
Mechanical power output can be used to quantify performance in order to plan and execute appropriate training programs. To measure mechanical power output during running, the dependent ground reaction forces, among others, should be recorded. Existing wearable devices for determining mechanical power during running do not measure these forces. Instead, they estimate them, for example, based on information from the GPS, inertial sensors, or other kinematic data (Cerezuela-Espejo et al., 2020). With the overall goal of determining mechanical power during running based on kinetic data, we performed long-duration measurements as a first step (Krumm, Koska, Wakode, Odenwald, & Maiwald, 2022). These measurements allow us to estimate vertical ground reaction forces based on plantar pressure. In this paper, we present the regression model developed for this purpose.
{"title":"Preliminary work on the determination of mechanical power during running based on kinetic data","authors":"D. Krumm, Laura Lippert, S. Odenwald, Daniel Potts","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2200393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2200393","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical power output can be used to quantify performance in order to plan and execute appropriate training programs. To measure mechanical power output during running, the dependent ground reaction forces, among others, should be recorded. Existing wearable devices for determining mechanical power during running do not measure these forces. Instead, they estimate them, for example, based on information from the GPS, inertial sensors, or other kinematic data (Cerezuela-Espejo et al., 2020). With the overall goal of determining mechanical power during running based on kinetic data, we performed long-duration measurements as a first step (Krumm, Koska, Wakode, Odenwald, & Maiwald, 2022). These measurements allow us to estimate vertical ground reaction forces based on plantar pressure. In this paper, we present the regression model developed for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49401774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is well recognized that many elite long-distance runners are forefoot (nonrearfoot, NRF) strikers; however, current scientific evidence does not support the metabolic benefits of NRF running, specifically the benefit of reduced oxygen consumption (VO2) (Anderson et al., 2020). Prior studies that evaluated the effects of foot strike patterns on running economy relied on assessments of VO2 between runners with NRF and rearfoot (RF) strikes or before and after a voluntary manipulation of foot strike patterns. These approaches may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect potential small differences in the running economy associated with foot strike pattern, if any. Recently available on the market are running shoes that elicit natural and involuntary NRF strikes (Figure 1, Wave Duel Pro, WDP). An evaluation of running economy that compares NRF and RF runners wearing these new shoes with those wearing traditional shoes would provide new insights for a better understanding of foot strike pattern and running economy.
众所周知，许多优秀的长跑运动员都是前足(非后足，NRF)前锋;然而，目前的科学证据并不支持NRF跑步的代谢益处，特别是减少氧气消耗(VO2)的益处(Anderson et al.， 2020)。先前评估足部打击模式对跑步经济性的影响的研究依赖于对NRF和后足(RF)打击的跑步者之间的VO2评估，或者在自愿操纵足部打击模式之前和之后。如果有的话，这些方法可能不够灵敏，无法检测出与脚击模式相关的跑步经济性的潜在微小差异。最近在市场上可以买到的跑鞋会引起自然和非自愿的非射频撞击(图1,Wave Duel Pro, WDP)。通过比较NRF和RF跑步者穿着这些新鞋与穿着传统鞋的跑步者的跑步经济性评估，将为更好地理解脚击模式和跑步经济性提供新的见解。
{"title":"Evaluation of running economy in runners wearing shoes that elicit natural forefoot strikes","authors":"Shotaro Yokoyama, Shunsuke Tazawa, Shin Hirai, Yoshihisa Kajiwara, Tasturo Amano","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2199275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2199275","url":null,"abstract":"It is well recognized that many elite long-distance runners are forefoot (nonrearfoot, NRF) strikers; however, current scientific evidence does not support the metabolic benefits of NRF running, specifically the benefit of reduced oxygen consumption (VO2) (Anderson et al., 2020). Prior studies that evaluated the effects of foot strike patterns on running economy relied on assessments of VO2 between runners with NRF and rearfoot (RF) strikes or before and after a voluntary manipulation of foot strike patterns. These approaches may not be sufficiently sensitive to detect potential small differences in the running economy associated with foot strike pattern, if any. Recently available on the market are running shoes that elicit natural and involuntary NRF strikes (Figure 1, Wave Duel Pro, WDP). An evaluation of running economy that compares NRF and RF runners wearing these new shoes with those wearing traditional shoes would provide new insights for a better understanding of foot strike pattern and running economy.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43335678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2023.2201260
D. De Clercq, S. Bonnaerens, P. Fiers, E. Frederick, Y. Kaneko, V. Segers
Distance running is a popular and accessible leisure-time physical activity with distinct health benefits. Recent large scale epidemiological studies have shown that the health benefits emerge even when distance running is practiced regularly at rather low doses: a minimum of 50min per week even at slow speeds of 9 km/h may suffice. Unfortunately, running comes with a high risk of developing Running-Related Injuries. RRI’s can be recurrent, costly and can be a reason to stop running and even curtail other types of physical activity. RRI’s emerge due to an imbalance between the running specific loading and the Musculo-Skeletal Loading capacity in combination with the body’s remodelling capacities. One of the best documented RRI risk factors is ‘too fast’: i.e. running at higher speeds and/or progressing too fast in speed and/or in distance. Moreover, a recent study by Malisoux et al. (2022) showed that a smaller duty factor (DF1⁄4 ratio of contact time to stride time) is a general risk factor for RRI in recreational runners. Many biomechanical running studies have focussed on running at speeds around 12 km/h. However, many recreational runners run at much slower speeds. In his 2017s lecture ‘Running Biomechanics: What did we miss?’, Martyn Shorten (Shorten & Pisciotta, 2017) reported an average speed below 10 km/h from a large-scale survey of runners. Additionally, he observed in a marathon a substantial proportion of slow runners who ran without a clear flight phase. A high DF above 50% was obvious and described as ‘grounded running’.
{"title":"Low running offers a way to make distance running a viable physical activity option for more people","authors":"D. De Clercq, S. Bonnaerens, P. Fiers, E. Frederick, Y. Kaneko, V. Segers","doi":"10.1080/19424280.2023.2201260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2023.2201260","url":null,"abstract":"Distance running is a popular and accessible leisure-time physical activity with distinct health benefits. Recent large scale epidemiological studies have shown that the health benefits emerge even when distance running is practiced regularly at rather low doses: a minimum of 50min per week even at slow speeds of 9 km/h may suffice. Unfortunately, running comes with a high risk of developing Running-Related Injuries. RRI’s can be recurrent, costly and can be a reason to stop running and even curtail other types of physical activity. RRI’s emerge due to an imbalance between the running specific loading and the Musculo-Skeletal Loading capacity in combination with the body’s remodelling capacities. One of the best documented RRI risk factors is ‘too fast’: i.e. running at higher speeds and/or progressing too fast in speed and/or in distance. Moreover, a recent study by Malisoux et al. (2022) showed that a smaller duty factor (DF1⁄4 ratio of contact time to stride time) is a general risk factor for RRI in recreational runners. Many biomechanical running studies have focussed on running at speeds around 12 km/h. However, many recreational runners run at much slower speeds. In his 2017s lecture ‘Running Biomechanics: What did we miss?’, Martyn Shorten (Shorten & Pisciotta, 2017) reported an average speed below 10 km/h from a large-scale survey of runners. Additionally, he observed in a marathon a substantial proportion of slow runners who ran without a clear flight phase. A high DF above 50% was obvious and described as ‘grounded running’.","PeriodicalId":45905,"journal":{"name":"Footwear Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43351833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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