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A Premier League Football in the Community Program’s “New” Coaches and Support Systems: Practitioner Reflections 一个英超足球社区项目的“新”教练和支持系统:实践者的思考
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0067
P. Crisp, Paul Brackley
In the United Kingdom, many sport coaching career paths are considered to be focused on skills development, competence, and leadership within the context of performance. However, sport coaching also sits substantially within the community and youth sectors, where sport is seen to facilitate various social policy issues. Aligning nonperformance-related coaching contexts to existing formal qualifications schemes is problematic, given they frequently emphasize athlete and team performance. While an emerging base of studies examining community sports coaching exists, further insight and perspectives of in situ learning and coach support in this context are needed. Using observations, evaluation, and feedback centered on practitioner competence and confidence, and conducted over a 2-year period with 13 new community/grassroots sports coaches working with Albion in the Community (the official charity of Brighton and Hove Albion Football Club), we present some of the key findings and principles that we believe underlined their practice. These principles related to how, despite the majority being appropriately qualified at national governing bodies Level 2, they generally needed additional support and expertise for their specific (community) operational environment in terms of outcomes, practice design, and challenging what was seen as a focus on providing competitive (team) environments above individual player development.
在英国,许多体育教练的职业道路被认为是专注于技能发展、能力和领导能力的表现。然而,体育教练也大量存在于社区和青年部门,在那里,体育被视为促进各种社会政策问题。将与成绩无关的教练环境与现有的正式资格体系相结合是有问题的,因为它们经常强调运动员和团队的表现。虽然研究社区体育教练的研究基础正在兴起,但在这种情况下,需要对现场学习和教练支持的进一步见解和观点。通过观察、评估和反馈,以实践者的能力和信心为中心,并与13名新的社区/基层体育教练一起在社区(布莱顿和霍夫阿尔比恩足球俱乐部的官方慈善机构)工作了两年多的时间,我们提出了一些我们认为强调他们实践的关键发现和原则。这些原则涉及到,尽管大多数人在国家管理机构的第2级有适当的资格,但他们通常需要额外的支持和专业知识,以满足他们特定的(社区)运营环境的结果、实践设计,并挑战那些被视为专注于提供竞争(团队)环境而不是个人玩家发展的环境。
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引用次数: 1
Coaches’ Experience of the “Gaelic4Teens” Program in Ireland 爱尔兰“Gaelic4Teens”项目教练的经验
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0094
Wesley O’Brien, Irene Hogan, T. Coppinger
This paper examines Irish volunteer coaches’ experiences of the content and delivery of the “Gaelic4Teens” coach education initiative, and further seeks to evaluate if participants coaching behavior changed as a result. The Gaelic4Teens program aims to help coaches better understand the female teenage participant through enhancing the coach–athlete relationship, which in turn, seeks to help retain young females in the sport. Qualitative data were gathered over a 16-week period from August to November 2020 and comprised of pre and post online focus groups with eight (three females and five males) volunteer coaches; one from each of the eight rural community sport settings (n = 8) in Ireland. Findings revealed that the coach education program had a meaningful impact on coaches’ abilities to competently work with female adolescents. Specifically, the Gaelic4Teens program is effective as a blended learning coach education program that encouraged a coaching environment that empowered the female athletes. Further analysis, with additional stakeholder input, is warranted to ascertain its long-term effectiveness.
本文考察了爱尔兰志愿者教练在“Gaelic4Teens”教练教育倡议的内容和交付方面的经验,并进一步寻求评估参与者的教练行为是否因此而改变。Gaelic4Teens项目旨在通过加强教练与运动员的关系,帮助教练更好地了解女性青少年参与者,从而帮助年轻女性留在这项运动中。定性数据是在2020年8月至11月的16周内收集的,包括8名(3名女性和5名男性)志愿教练的在线前后焦点小组;爱尔兰八个农村社区体育设施(n = 8)各一个。研究结果显示,教练教育计划对教练胜任女性青少年工作的能力有显著影响。具体来说,Gaelic4Teens项目是一个有效的混合学习教练教育项目,它鼓励了一个赋予女运动员权力的教练环境。有必要进行进一步的分析,并得到利益相关者的额外投入,以确定其长期有效性。
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引用次数: 1
International Council for Coaching Excellence (ICCE) 13th Global Coach Conference 国际卓越教练理事会(ICCE)第十三届全球教练大会
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0066
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引用次数: 0
Real Versus Ideal: Understanding How Coaches Gain Knowledge 真实与理想:了解教练如何获得知识
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0010
Rachel Van Woezik, Colin D. McLaren, J. Côté, K. Erickson, Barbi Law, D. L. Horning, B. Callary, M. Bruner
In an ever-evolving society, sport coaches are presented with a number of avenues through which they can acquire and refine their coaching knowledge. The purpose of this research was to replicate and extend past research to gain an up-to-date understanding of how coaches are presently gaining knowledge. This was done through a constructive replication using a sequential explanatory mixed-method design. Study 1 included 798 coaches who completed an online questionnaire detailing their use of 16 sources of coaching knowledge. Coaches’ top three most used sources were interacting with coaches, learning by doing, and observing others. In contrast, the top three most preferred sources were observing others, interacting with coaches, and having a mentor. To contextualize these findings, Study 2 used a qualitative design in which 14 coaches were interviewed to understand their experiences with different knowledge sources. Five distinct narrative types were identified: recent elite athletes, parent coaches, coach developers, teacher coaches, and experienced coaches. Coaches reported engaging in more social and unstructured learning experiences, and the reasons for their preferences appeared to differ based on lifestyle and perceived barriers. Collectively, these findings highlight how coaches gain knowledge and why they prefer certain sources over others.
在一个不断发展的社会中,体育教练有许多途径可以获得和完善他们的教练知识。这项研究的目的是复制和扩展过去的研究,以获得对教练目前如何获得知识的最新理解。这是通过使用顺序解释混合方法设计的建设性复制来完成的。研究1包括798名教练,他们完成了一份在线问卷,详细说明了他们使用16种教练知识来源的情况。教练最常用的三个来源是与教练互动、边做边学和观察他人。相比之下,最受欢迎的三种资源是观察他人、与教练互动、拥有导师。为了将这些发现联系起来,研究2采用了定性设计,其中采访了14名教练,以了解他们使用不同知识来源的经历。我们确定了五种不同的叙述类型:最近的精英运动员、家长教练、教练开发人员、教师教练和经验丰富的教练。据报道,教练们参与了更多的社交和非结构化的学习经历,他们偏好的原因似乎因生活方式和感知障碍而有所不同。总的来说,这些发现强调了教练是如何获得知识的,以及为什么他们更喜欢某些资源。
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引用次数: 9
“Who’s Who?”: Identifying Cycling Coaches’ Biographies “谁是谁?”:识别自行车教练的传记
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0005
Samuel T. Wood, David M. B. Richardson, S. Roberts
Consideration of a learners’ biography is deemed to impact on their engagement with formal education and their connection with, and perceived relevance of, educational course content. It is considered equally important to understand coaches who enrol on formal coach learning in sport—their motivations, beliefs, values, existing knowledge, and previous life experiences. This research explored the individual biographies of eight neophyte cycling coaches over an 18-month period following the successful completion of a national governing body coach award. Following 23 formal semistructured interviews and 26 unstructured interviews, deductive thematic narrative analysis revealed three different typologies of coach: the “performance coach”; the “parent-coach”; and the “community coach.” Although the subjective details of the life stories varied according to their idiosyncratic perspective, all participants’ stories broadly followed one of these three identifiable narratives. Identifying different “typologies” of cycling coaches’ answers calls from coach developers to account for the specific backgrounds of coaches’ practices. It is hoped this research will begin the process of developing more personalised approaches to coach education.
考虑学习者的传记被认为会影响他们对正规教育的参与,以及他们与教育课程内容的联系和感知的相关性。同样重要的是要了解参加正式体育教练学习的教练——他们的动机、信仰、价值观、现有知识和以前的生活经历。本研究在成功完成国家管理机构教练奖后的18个月期间,探索了8名新手自行车教练的个人传记。通过23个正式半结构化访谈和26个非结构化访谈,演绎主题叙事分析揭示了教练的三种不同类型:“绩效教练”;“parent-coach”;还有“社区教练”。尽管生活故事的主观细节根据他们独特的视角而有所不同,但所有参与者的故事都大致遵循这三种可识别的叙述之一。识别不同的“类型”的自行车教练的回答电话从教练开发,以说明教练的做法的具体背景。人们希望这项研究将开启开发更个性化的教练教育方法的进程。
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引用次数: 0
Leadership Efficacy in Youth Football: Athletes’ and Coaches’ Perspectives 青少年足球运动的领导效能:运动员与教练员的视角
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-22 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2020-0128
A. R. Gomes, A. Gonçalves, Catarina Morais, C. Simães, Rui Resende
According to the Leadership Efficacy Model, leadership efficacy depends on leaders’ tendency to make linear relationships between leadership philosophy, practice, and criteria (i.e., congruence of leadership cycles). Moreover, efficacy increases if coaches make these linear relationships by using the optimal leadership profile and by considering the antecedent factors of leadership (characteristics of the leader, team members, and organizational conditions; i.e., favorability of conditions for leadership). This study compared the perceptions of athletes and their coaches regarding leadership cycles, and tested the moderator role of optimal leadership profile and leadership favorability in the relationship between leadership cycles and leadership efficacy. This study included 92 football athletes (ages less than 17 and 19 years) and respective coaches (n = 5). The evaluation protocol included measures of leadership cycles, leadership styles, leadership favorability, and sport performance perception. Athletes and coaches agreed on coaches’ need to increase their practice and criteria, but athletes also considered that coaches should better clarify their philosophy. Regression analyses confirmed that leadership congruency predicts higher perceptions of team performance in athletes. Moreover, optimal leadership profile and higher leadership favorability were associated with higher team and individual performance. However, these two factors did not moderate the relationship between leadership congruency and efficacy.
根据领导效能模型,领导效能取决于领导者在领导哲学、实践和标准之间建立线性关系的倾向(即领导周期的一致性)。此外,如果教练通过使用最佳领导力档案和考虑领导力的先行因素(领导者、团队成员的特征和组织条件;即领导条件的有利性)来建立这些线性关系,那么效率就会提高。本研究比较了运动员及其教练对领导周期的看法,并检验了最佳领导形象和领导好感度在领导周期与领导效能之间关系中的调节作用。这项研究包括92名足球运动员(年龄在17岁和19岁以下)和各自的教练(n = 5) 。评估方案包括领导周期、领导风格、领导好感度和体育表现感知。运动员和教练一致认为教练需要增加他们的练习和标准,但运动员也认为教练应该更好地阐明他们的理念。回归分析证实,领导一致性可以预测运动员对团队表现的更高认知。此外,最佳的领导形象和更高的领导好感度与更高的团队和个人表现有关。然而,这两个因素并没有缓和领导一致性和效能之间的关系。
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引用次数: 2
Bridging the Gap Between Science and Application: The Use of Cocreation Educational Workshops in Professional Youth Soccer 弥合科学与应用之间的差距:在职业青少年足球中使用创造性教育讲习班
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2020-0054
Matthew Andrew, Paul R. Ford, Matthew T. Miller, Allistair P. McRobert, Nathan C. Foster, G. Seerden, Martin A. Littlewood, S. Hayes
We examined whether practice activities adopted by professional youth soccer coaches are modulated through the implementation of and engagement with cocreative evidence-based programs. Across two experiments, we used systematic observation to identify the practice activities of seven coaches across 134 sessions. In Experiment A, drill-based and games-based activities were recorded and quantified. To encourage behaviour change across the study, the systematic observation data were compared with skill acquisition literature to provide coaches with quantitative feedback and recommendations during workshops. Postworkshop systematic observation data indicated that practice activities used by coaches changed in accordance with the evidenced-based information (increase in games-based activities) delivered within the workshop. Interview data indicated that coaches typically stated that the workshop was a key reason for behaviour change. In a follow-up Experiment B, feedback and recommendations were delivered using an interactive video-based workshop. The systematic observation data indicated that coaches increased the use of soccer activities that contained active decision making with coaches citing the workshop as a key reason for behaviour change. These findings indicate that coaching practice activities can be supported and shaped through the implementation of cocreated workshops wherein coaches collaborate with sport scientists and researchers to bridge the gap between science and application.
我们研究了职业青年足球教练采用的实践活动是否通过实施和参与共同创造的循证计划来调节。在两个实验中,我们使用系统观察来确定七名教练在134次训练中的练习活动。在实验A中,记录并量化了基于演习和游戏的活动。为了鼓励整个研究中的行为改变,将系统观察数据与技能获取文献进行了比较,以便在研讨会期间为教练提供定量反馈和建议。研讨会后的系统观察数据表明,教练使用的练习活动根据研讨会内提供的基于证据的信息发生了变化(基于比赛的活动增加)。访谈数据表明,教练通常表示研讨会是行为改变的关键原因。在后续实验B中,通过互动视频研讨会提供了反馈和建议。系统的观察数据表明,教练们增加了足球活动的使用,其中包括积极的决策,教练们将研讨会作为行为改变的关键原因。这些发现表明,教练实践活动可以通过实施共同创建的研讨会来支持和塑造,在研讨会上,教练与体育科学家和研究人员合作,弥合科学与应用之间的差距。
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引用次数: 3
Implementing and Evaluating the Practice Environment Model Using Action Research 运用行动研究法实施和评价实践环境模型
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-03 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2020-0117
Steven M. Smith, H. Brown, S. Cotterill
The psychological factors that influence performance in the practice environment, where competitive athletes engage in deliberate practice, have recently been given specific research attention. The current study employed an action research approach to implement the practice environment model as an education strategy to increase the practice performance of players in a U.K. basketball academy team over a 20-week period. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the education strategy on practice performance. The team competed nationally and consisted of the head coach, the assistant coach, and 18 male players aged 16–19 years. Data were collected through focus groups, joint semistructured interviews, field observations, and a practice environment model web-based questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic narrative analysis and the Friedman test analysed quantitative data. Quantitative results suggested that the education strategy decreased perceptions of stress and increased effort, preparation activities, and teammate support. Qualitative results provided an in-depth narrative of the environmental changes undertaken to improve practice performance. Discussion focuses on the key strategies of effort and control, performance expectations, team drive, positive communication, and preparation. This study is the first to apply the practice environment model to a real-world sporting domain.
在竞技运动员刻意练习的练习环境中,影响表现的心理因素最近受到了特别的研究关注。目前的研究采用了一种行动研究方法来实施练习环境模型,作为一种教育策略,以提高英国篮球学院队球员在20周内的练习成绩。本研究的目的是评估教育策略对实践绩效的影响。该队在全国范围内进行比赛,由主教练、助理教练和18名年龄在16-19岁之间的男性球员组成。通过焦点小组、联合半结构化访谈、实地观察和基于网络的实践环境模型问卷收集数据。定性数据使用主题叙述分析进行分析,弗里德曼检验分析定量数据。定量结果表明,教育策略降低了对压力的感知,增加了努力、准备活动和队友的支持。定性结果提供了对为提高实践绩效而进行的环境变化的深入叙述。讨论的重点是努力和控制、绩效期望、团队驱动、积极沟通和准备等关键策略。这项研究首次将练习环境模型应用于现实世界的体育领域。
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引用次数: 1
A Reflection on the State of Sport Coaching Research, Its Community, and Representation: The 2020 International Council for Coaching Excellence Research Committee Consultation 对体育教练研究现状的反思,其社区和代表性:2020年国际卓越教练研究委员会咨询
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0041
J. North, B. Callary, K. Dieffenbach, L. Galatti, S. Lara-Bercial, C. Nash, D. O’Connor
This article provides an overview of the context, details, and outcomes of a consultation and review of the International Council for Coaching Excellence’s interactions and engagements with, and service provision to, the international sport coaching research community. The consultation and review were undertaken by the International Council for Coaching Excellence Research Committee (RC). The paper starts with a description of the sport coaching research landscape. It then provides details of the role of the International Council for Coaching Excellence, its Research Fair, and RC. The paper then offers an overview of the formal initiation of the consultation and review at the Global Coach Conference, Japan 2019, as well as a brief overview of the approach used. It then details the consultation findings providing direction for the RC moving forward. The resultant revised RC terms of reference are included as an appendix.
本文概述了国际卓越教练理事会与国际体育教练研究界的互动、接触和服务提供的咨询和审查的背景、细节和结果。咨询和审查由国际卓越教练理事会研究委员会(RC)进行。本文首先对体育教练的研究现状进行了描述。然后,它详细介绍了国际卓越教练理事会、其研究博览会和RC的作用。然后,本文概述了2019年日本全球教练会议上正式启动磋商和审查的情况,并简要概述了所使用的方法。然后详述谘询结果,为委员会的工作提供方向。修订后的委员会职权范围载于附录。
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引用次数: 2
Practical Advances in Sport Coaching Research in International Sport Coaching Journal 《国际体育教练杂志》体育教练研究的实践进展
IF 1.7 Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0044
B. Callary
Sport Coaching Journal aaa Volume 8, Issue 3 will be the last to publish manuscripts under the headings of Best Practices, Insights, and Coaching In. Starting in 2022 (Volume 9), manuscripts that focus on best practices of efforts, ideas, or evidence-based guidelines that can be used to improve coaching, those that focus on well-reasoned and effectively articulated insights and commentaries intended to stimulate thought about coaching, and perspectives of coaching and coach education in different countries and cultures will be categorized under the umbrella term of Practical Advances (International Sport Coaching Journal [ISCJ], 2021a). This new heading will allow for greater flexibility of submissions that are partially data driven to practitioner informed, while not losing the practical nature of these submissions. We will continue to have 70–80% of each issue devoted to Original Research studies, and 20–30% of each issue dedicated to Practical Advances. All papers, with the rare exception of invited papers, will undergo double-blind peer review. While adopting a strongly applied orientation, papers published under the heading of Practical Advances will still be written in an academic style that includes citations, as well as other applied evidence, to support and develop ideas. Thus, Practical Advances will encompass International Sport Coaching Journal (ISCJ) legacy article types of Best Practices, Insights, and Coaching In (ISCJ, 2021a). This evolution comes alongside a revision to ISCJ’s mission. The revision brings into focus ISCJ’s interest in expanding understanding of the coaching process, coaching environment, coach education and development, coaching practices, and coaching profession. Therefore, the mission is to advance the research and development of sport coaching worldwide. This mission is pursued through a specific focus on the practice and process of coaching, with consideration also given to the many factors that influence coaching. Thus, ISCJ publishes peer-reviewed, scientific research studies and articles on practical advances about, with, and for coaches (ISCJ, 2021c). In Volume 8, Issue 3, along with a series of original research articles, coaching in, best practices, and insights, we are publishing an invited article that is intended to showcase ISCJ as a nonproprietary venture of the International Council for Coaching Excellence (ICCE). This article outlines a transparent process of the ICCE’s Research Committee in developing, implementing, and reporting the findings of a consultation process and proposal for governance and service agenda. In this invited article, the Research Committee broadly connects the current state of the field of sport coaching research to the ICCE specifically. This project began during discussions at the Research Fair for the ICCE’s Global Coach Conference in Japan 2019 (North et al., 2021). Sport coaching is a relatively youngfield of research and growing in popularity. The analogy is that it
《体育教练杂志》第8卷第3期将是最后一篇以“最佳实践”、“洞察”和“教练”为标题的文章。从2022年开始(第9卷),专注于可用于改进教练的最佳实践、想法或循证指南的手稿,那些专注于旨在激发对教练的思考的合理和有效表达的见解和评论,以及不同国家和文化的教练和教练教育的观点的手稿将被归类为实用进展(国际体育教练杂志[ISCJ], 2021a)。这个新标题将允许提交更大的灵活性,部分数据驱动的从业者知情,同时不失去这些提交的实际性质。我们将继续把每期70-80%的内容用于原创研究,20-30%的内容用于实践进展。除受邀论文外,所有论文均将接受双盲同行评议。虽然采用了强烈的应用导向,但在“实际进展”标题下发表的论文仍将以学术风格撰写,包括引用和其他应用证据,以支持和发展思想。因此,《实践进展》将包括国际体育教练杂志(ISCJ)的传统文章类型,如最佳实践、见解和教练(ISCJ, 2021a)。这一演变伴随着ISCJ使命的修订。该修订将焦点集中在ISCJ对扩大对教练过程,教练环境,教练教育和发展,教练实践和教练职业的理解的兴趣。因此,我们的使命是推动全球体育教练的研究和发展。这一使命是通过特别关注教练的实践和过程来实现的,同时也考虑到影响教练的许多因素。因此,ISCJ发表了同行评审的科学研究报告和文章,内容涉及教练、教练员和教练员的实际进展(ISCJ, 2021c)。在第8卷第3期,连同一系列原创研究文章,教练,最佳实践和见解,我们将发表一篇特邀文章,旨在展示ISCJ作为国际卓越教练理事会(ICCE)的非专有企业。本文概述了ICCE研究委员会在制定、实施和报告咨询过程的结果以及治理和服务议程建议方面的透明过程。在这篇特邀文章中,研究委员会将运动教练研究领域的现状与ICCE具体联系起来。该项目始于2019年日本ICCE全球教练会议研究博览会的讨论期间(North et al., 2021)。体育教练是一个相对年轻的研究领域,并且越来越受欢迎。这个类比是,就研究领域而言,它现在是一个“青少年”。利用这个类比,我们可以思考它的当前状态,并在它走过青春期时预测未来。我们经常提倡孩子们多运动。进入运动员的青春期,教练开始支持、促进和指导这些运动员在不同的发展轨迹,使这些个人能够弄清楚如何建立彼此的优势和专业知识(创建一个更强大的团队),同时也在专业岗位上进行创新。同样,体育教练研究作为一个领域,已经通过学科和方法框架的抽样发展起来,突破界限(就像只有青少年那样),试图找出各种问题的答案。我们的青少年领域拥有心理学、社会学、管理学、教育学和体育科学的基本技能(也就是学科基础),但已经逐渐发展成为一门独立的学科。我们需要来自体育教练领域的学者和实践者(以及“学者”)的原创研究和实际进展。这是一本体育教练杂志。它不是发表教练研究的运动心理学期刊,也不是发表教练研究的运动社会学期刊,也不是发表教练研究的运动科学期刊。在ISCJ上发表的研究和实践进展是运动教练研究。我们的编辑委员会成员在教练教育和发展、教练关系和身份、人才发展、公平、多样性和包容性、教育学/人类学、社会学、心理学、哲学以及定性和定量方法等一系列教练主题方面具有专业知识。我们提交的作品越来越多。 我们已经为我们的第二期特刊(探索在线/数字环境下的教练交付;ISCJ, 2021b),并将于2021年11月出版我们的第一期增刊,刊登ICCE全球教练会议的摘要。Web of Science Group定期更新其期刊引用报告中的影响因子。Web of Science Group拥有新兴资源引文索引库,其中包括具有高增长潜力的期刊。ISCJ被列入新兴资源引文索引,考虑到期刊的年龄和规模,这是一个很好的步骤。随着ISCJ获得影响力(以每篇可引用文章的引用次数来衡量),它将达到被列入提供影响因子的Web of Science引文索引之一的程度。与此同时,communicar(2021)发布并更新了新兴来源引文索引中的期刊列表,根据其引用,使用影响因子模拟器以十分位数、百分位数对其进行分类。虽然这个排名是模拟的,不是正式的排名指标,虽然communicar与Human Kinetics或Clarivate Analytics没有任何联系,但2020年,他们将ISCJ在487种教育期刊中排名第15位,模拟影响因子为2000。这种模拟影响因子在体育和教育研究领域都很强。总结体育教练研究作为一个领域的发展时代,我们从体育教练研究的开始到现在都有坚实的基础。我们有青春的活力,以及对更多知识的好奇和渴望
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引用次数: 1
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International Sport Coaching Journal
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