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How Do Adult-Oriented Coaching Practices Change Over Time and Correspond With Changes in Key Criterion Outcomes? An 8-Week Study 以成人为导向的教练实践如何随着时间的推移而变化,并与关键标准结果的变化相对应?为期8周的研究
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0051
Derrik Motz, B. Young, S. Rathwell, B. Callary
The Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey assesses how often coaches use practices tailored to adult and older adult athletes. Cross-sectionally, said practices contribute to a quality masters sport experience for masters athletes (MAs); however, the stability of adult-oriented coaching over time and whether changes in coaching over time correspond with psychosocial outcomes for MAs is unknown. Therefore, coaches (N = 32; Mage = 49.0) and MAs (N = 103; Mage = 51.5) completed the Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey twice 8 weeks apart. MAs also completed criterion measures for facets of the coach–athlete relationship, basic needs satisfaction, and thwarting. Our first question was whether mean group values for adult-oriented coaching changed over time. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated stability of coaches’ and MAs’ scores. Our second question was whether changes in adult-oriented coaching corresponded with changes on criterion measures. Path analyses showed increased perceived frequency of adult-oriented coaching that, generally, was associated with enhancing three facets of the coach–athlete relationship, relatedness satisfaction, autonomy satisfaction, and reducing competency thwarting. The discussion centers on how adult-oriented coaching might facilitate quality sporting relationships, empowerment, and mastery in adult sport programming. These nonintervention results are interpreted with an eye toward considerations in future Adult-Oriented Sport Coaching Survey-based coaching interventions.
以成人为导向的体育教练调查评估了教练为成人和老年运动员量身定制训练的频率。横截面上,说的做法有助于高质量的大师运动员的运动体验(MAs);然而,以成人为导向的训练随时间的稳定性以及训练随时间的变化是否与MAs的心理社会结果相对应尚不清楚。因此,教练员(N = 32;Mage = 49.0)和MAs (N = 103;Mage = 51.5)完成了两次成人体育教练调查,间隔8周。MAs还完成了教练员与运动员关系、基本需求满足和挫败等方面的标准测量。我们的第一个问题是,以成人为导向的教练的平均群体价值是否会随着时间的推移而改变。重复测量方差分析表明教练员和MAs得分具有稳定性。我们的第二个问题是,以成人为导向的教练的变化是否与标准测量的变化相对应。通径分析显示,以成人为导向的教练频率的增加,通常与增强教练员与运动员关系的三个方面有关,即相关性满意度、自主性满意度和减少能力挫败。讨论的中心是如何以成人为导向的教练可能促进高质量的体育关系,授权和掌握成人体育节目。这些非干预结果被解释为着眼于考虑未来以成人为导向的体育教练调查为基础的教练干预。
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引用次数: 1
Online Learning in a High-Performance Sport Environment—A Mixed-Method Study 高性能运动环境下的在线学习——混合方法研究
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0081
Glenn Fyall, Blake C. Bennett, J. Cowan
This study investigated a high-performance rugby academy program in New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown period in 2020. Unsurprisingly, this challenged academy staff who were abruptly charged with conceptualizing and implementing the program in innovative ways including a move to online learning and the adoption of online learning tools. A mixed-method sequential exploratory design was employed to explore the managers, coaches, and learners’ experiences. Phase 1 explored three coaches and two academy managers conceptualization and subsequent experiences of the online program. Phase 2 explored 44 academy players’ experiences of the online learning program. Our findings reveal that an explicit focus on player well-being and connection online appeared to increase a “sense of community” within and across both cohorts through enhanced communication, participation, and interaction. The challenges encountered included: accessibility, the amount, flow, and direction of information, “app fatigue,” and online technologies that were not fit-for-purpose. Our discussion reinforces that purposeful design and constant reflection is requisite to the successful and sustainable implementation of online coaching environments. We conclude with five fundamental lessons learned from COVID-19 that are worthy of consideration in the purposeful design of future online high-performance sporting programmes.
本研究调查了2020年新冠肺炎封锁期间新西兰的一个高性能橄榄球学院项目。不出所料,这给学院员工带来了挑战,他们突然被要求以创新的方式构想和实施该计划,包括转向在线学习和采用在线学习工具。本研究采用混合方法序贯探索设计,探讨经理人、教练员及学员的经验。第一阶段探讨了三位教练和两位学院经理对在线课程的概念和后续经验。第二阶段研究了44名学院球员在在线学习项目中的经历。我们的研究结果表明,明确关注玩家的幸福感和在线联系似乎可以通过加强沟通、参与和互动来增加两个群体内部和群体之间的“社区意识”。面临的挑战包括:可访问性、信息量、信息流和方向、“应用疲劳”以及不适合目的的在线技术。我们的讨论强调,有目的的设计和不断的反思是成功和可持续实施在线教练环境的必要条件。最后,我们总结了从2019冠状病毒病中吸取的五个基本教训,这些教训值得在未来有目的地设计在线高性能体育项目时加以考虑。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring Different Forms of Technology-Enhanced Learning Strategies in a Handball Coach Education Program 在手球教练教育项目中探索不同形式的技术强化学习策略
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0078
Eoin Murray, Kirsten Spencer, Blake C. Bennett
Effective and accessible coach education is a key part of sustainable sport development. Recent world events and inequitable resource division has led to an increase in the prevalence of remote learning. This study examines three methods of low-cost, simple technological-enhanced learning in handball coach education: Video On Demand, Interactive Video Learning, and Direct Remote Learning. Each intervention was examined under several relevant categories: accessibility, comprehensiveness, effectiveness, and empowerment, and compared against the others. All three methods were found to be applicable methods of remote coach learning with positive outcomes in learning and application. Video On Demand was very accessible and thought by participants to allow learning from varied sources. However, interactive methods (Interactive Video Learning and Direct Remote Learning) were preferred in most cases, as they promoted inter- and intrapersonal relational interactions and contextual informal as well as formal learning.
有效、便捷的教练员教育是体育可持续发展的重要组成部分。最近的世界事件和不公平的资源分配导致了远程学习的普及。本研究考察了手球教练教育中三种低成本、简单的技术增强学习方法:视频点播、互动视频学习和直接远程学习。每项干预措施都在几个相关类别下进行了检查:可及性、全面性、有效性和赋权,并与其他干预措施进行了比较。这三种方法都是可行的远程教练学习方法,在学习和应用上都取得了积极的效果。视频点播非常方便,参与者认为可以从各种来源学习。然而,交互式方法(交互式视频学习和直接远程学习)在大多数情况下更受欢迎,因为它们促进了人与人之间和人与人之间的关系互动以及上下文非正式和正式学习。
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引用次数: 1
Coach Development: In Situ Examples of Translating Research Into Practice Within Strength and Conditioning 教练发展:在力量和条件下将研究转化为实践的现场例子
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0115
A. Gillham, C. Szedlak
Researchers highlight the importance of using constructivist, learner-centered approaches to develop effective strength and conditioning (S&C) coaching practice, such as reflective practice and community of practice. Such approaches are relational meaning that the S&C coach developer must build effective relationships with the learner (i.e., S&C coach) to enhance cooperation and engagement, which can take a considerable amount of time. Constructivist learning strategies are essential to develop an athlete-centered coaching approach, which focuses on developing not only performance but also the overall well-being of the athlete. Yet, there has been a considerable lack of evidence of how to integrate and utilize reflective practice and community of practice within S&C coach development, as well as documenting their impact. This practical advance article aims to address this knowledge-to-action gap by examining how a S&C coach developer, who is paid by and in situ working with an organization, implemented an effective longitudinal, learner-centered coach development program to promote athlete-centered coaching practice. In doing so, we outline the importance of relationship building, creating community, and trust, which underlines the organic process that seamlessly integrates guided critical reflection and community of practices as valued learning strategies to develop S&C coaches’ psychosocial skills.
研究人员强调了使用建构主义的、以学习者为中心的方法来发展有效的力量和调节(S&C)教练实践的重要性,例如反思性实践和社区实践。这些方法是关系的,意味着S&C教练开发人员必须与学习者(即S&C教练)建立有效的关系,以加强合作和参与,这可能需要相当多的时间。建构主义学习策略对于发展以运动员为中心的教练方法至关重要,这种方法不仅关注运动员的表现,而且关注运动员的整体健康。然而,关于如何在S&C教练的发展中整合和利用反思实践和实践社区,以及记录它们的影响,一直存在相当大的缺乏证据。这篇实用的高级文章旨在通过研究S&C教练开发人员如何实施有效的纵向、以学习者为中心的教练发展计划,以促进以运动员为中心的教练实践,来解决这种从知识到行动的差距。在此过程中,我们概述了建立关系、创建社区和信任的重要性,这强调了有机过程,将引导批判性反思和实践社区无缝整合为有价值的学习策略,以发展S&C教练的社会心理技能。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrating 10 Years of Sport Coaching Research Publications: Past Context and Future Directions 庆祝运动教练研究出版10周年:过去的背景和未来的方向
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0089
B. Callary
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引用次数: 0
Reality Check for High-Performance Football: A Study of Coaching Competences Based on the International Sport Coaching Framework 高水平足球的现实检验:基于国际体育教练框架的教练能力研究
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0040
M. Galdino, Lara Lesch, P. Wicker
Theoretically, professional coaches should improve team performance through a sustained, progressive, and structured training and competitive program. Nevertheless, the reality poses different expectations around football activities in Brazil, where coaching spells have lasted on average 65 days during the domestic league season. Adopting the conceptual foundation designed by the International Sport Coaching Framework (ISCF), this research aims to examine the competences perceived to be important for professional football coaches and compare them to the ISCF. This study asks the following research question: what coaching competences are expected and valued in Brazilian football, and how do they compare to the ISCF? Qualitative, semistructured interviews were conducted with 29 head coaches and 30 staff members. A directed content analysis yielded similarities around the ISCF’s functional competences, while also outlining one additional category: deliver short-term winning results. The findings reveal a set of subcategories that support the contextual idiosyncrasies of high-performance football in Brazil. Within their domestic territory, elite coaches must navigate across a puzzle of nonfootball demands to adapt to their social and political reality which apparently ranks short-term game results above the essence of sport coaching practice.
从理论上讲,专业教练应该通过持续的、渐进的、有组织的训练和竞争性计划来提高球队的表现。然而,现实对巴西足球活动提出了不同的期望,在国内联赛赛季中,教练任期平均持续65天。采用国际体育教练框架(ISCF)设计的概念基础,本研究旨在考察职业足球教练被认为重要的能力,并将其与ISCF进行比较。本研究提出了以下研究问题:巴西足球期望和重视什么样的教练能力,他们与ISCF相比如何?对29名总教练和30名工作人员进行了定性、半结构化访谈。直接的内容分析得出了ISCF职能能力的相似之处,同时也概述了一个额外的类别:提供短期的胜利结果。研究结果揭示了一组支持巴西高水平足球背景特质的子类别。在他们的国内领域,精英教练必须在非足球需求的难题中导航,以适应他们的社会和政治现实,这种现实显然将短期比赛结果置于体育教练实践的本质之上。
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引用次数: 1
Supporting Coaches to Learn Through and From Their Everyday Experiences: A 1:1 Coach Development Workflow for Performance Sport 支持教练从日常经验中学习:竞技运动1:1教练发展流程
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0101
B. Muir, J. North
This paper overviews an intensive 1:1 coach development workflow developed and used in U.K. performance and high-performance sport. The workflow has been field tested with over 60 coaches in mainly Olympic and Paralympic settings in a variety of sports. The workflow proposes six main stages: “beginning new relationships,” “seeking first to understand,” “preparing for reflective conversations,” “engaging in reflective conversations,” “working with difference,” and “supporting change.” The stages are tailored pragmatically to context, and the workflow does not suggest a fixed sequence. The application of the workflow requires adaptive expertise based on considerable coach development experience and a breadth and depth of coaching and coach development knowledge. The workflow suggests the need for coach developers to build and support trusting, collaborative, and supportive relationships with the coach, as a foundation for the coach development task. Coach development practices and the workflow are continually being developed and refined in a U.K. context, and future work will provide case studies, evidence of outcomes, and refinements to the work.
本文概述了在英国高性能运动中开发和使用的密集1:1教练开发工作流程。该工作流程已在60多名教练的现场测试,主要是在奥运会和残奥会的各种运动设置。工作流程提出了六个主要阶段:“开始新的关系”、“首先寻求理解”、“准备反思对话”、“参与反思对话”、“处理差异”和“支持变革”。这些阶段是根据上下文实际定制的,并且工作流并不建议一个固定的顺序。工作流程的应用需要基于大量教练发展经验的适应性专业知识,以及教练和教练发展知识的广度和深度。工作流建议教练开发人员需要与教练建立和支持信任、协作和支持的关系,作为教练开发任务的基础。教练开发实践和工作流程在英国环境中不断地被开发和改进,未来的工作将提供案例研究、结果的证据和对工作的改进。
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引用次数: 2
Athletes’ Perceptions of Developing Relationships Through Adult-Oriented Coaching in Online Contexts 运动员在网络环境下通过成人指导发展关系的感知
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2023-0046
K. Eagles, B. Callary
Online coaching has grown in popularity, in which the coach and athlete work together using Internet-based platforms, without meeting in person. Kettlebell lifting has been using the online format for some time. The majority of Kettlebell lifters are Masters Athletes (MAs), over the age of 35 years, and competing in registered events around the world. Adult-oriented psychosocial coaching approaches that prioritize relationship development have proven to be successful when coaching MAs. While the coach–athlete relationship has been extensively examined, it is not known how the coach–athlete relationship is created and maintained in an online-only environment. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of MAs’ relationships with their online coaches. Five kettlebell lifters were interviewed to explore their experiences of having online coaches. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, the lifters’ individual experiences within the online coaching environment were examined. Three higher order themes suggest (a) initial relationship building involves the coach selection by the MA, as well as developing closeness and complementary behaviors; (b) progressing in the relationship through communication; and (c) coach programming that is adaptable and negotiated. The coach–athlete relationship for mature adults in an online-only platform can be fostered through adult-oriented approaches.
在线教练越来越受欢迎,教练和运动员在基于互联网的平台上一起工作,而不用亲自见面。壶铃举已经使用在线形式有一段时间了。大多数壶铃举重运动员都是35岁以上的大师级运动员(MAs),参加世界各地的注册赛事。以成人为导向的社会心理指导方法优先考虑关系发展,在指导ma时已被证明是成功的。虽然教练和运动员的关系已经被广泛地研究过,但我们还不知道教练和运动员的关系是如何在一个仅在线的环境中建立和维持的。本研究的目的是探讨硕士与他们的在线教练的关系的看法。五名壶铃举重运动员接受了采访,以了解他们拥有在线教练的经历。运用解释性现象学分析,考察了举重运动员在网络训练环境中的个人体验。三个高阶主题表明(a)初始关系建立涉及MA对教练的选择,以及亲密和互补行为的发展;(b)通过沟通促进关系的发展;(c)可适应和可协商的教练规划。成人教练与运动员的关系可以通过以成人为导向的方法来培养。
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引用次数: 0
Embedded, Embodied, Enculturated, and Enabling Processes: The Identification and Evaluation of Sporting Talent by Ice Hockey Coaches in Norwegian Youth National Teams 嵌入的、具体化的、文化化的和使能的过程:挪威青年国家队冰球教练对体育人才的识别和评价
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0058
Stian Røsten, S. A. Sæther, N. P. Aspvik, C. Bjørndal
Elite sports systems are characterized by structured attempts to identify, select, and develop talented athletes and to increase the likelihood that athletes will achieve future international success. Studies of such systems have focused mostly on the procedures and measures that are intended to improve talent identification, but less attention has been given to the crucial role of coaches. The aim of this case study is therefore to explore how coaches of Norwegian youth ice hockey national teams identify and evaluate sporting talent within these structured settings. The data were generated using nine semistructured interviews. These interviews included questions about how coaches identify talent and discussions about four hypothetical examples of ice hockey players, each with specific histories and skill sets. Building on recent developments in motor learning research, we contend that coaches identify and select talent using embodied (rather than entirely rational or cognitive) processes. These approaches are embedded in the ebb and flow of situated sports performances, and shaped by the broader and unique cultural settings in which they are situated. The results of this study show that talent identification and evaluation of sporting talent cannot, and should not, be separated from the subjectivities of the coaches themselves or from their individual preferences. The implications of this study for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
精英体育系统的特点是通过结构化的尝试来识别、选择和培养有才华的运动员,并增加运动员在未来取得国际成功的可能性。对此类系统的研究主要集中在旨在提高人才识别的程序和措施上,但对教练的关键作用的关注较少。因此,本案例研究的目的是探讨挪威青年冰球国家队的教练如何在这些结构化的环境中识别和评估体育人才。这些数据是通过九次半结构化访谈生成的。这些访谈包括关于教练如何识别人才的问题,以及关于四个冰球运动员的假设例子的讨论,每个例子都有特定的历史和技能。基于运动学习研究的最新进展,我们认为教练使用具体的(而不是完全理性或认知的)过程来识别和选择人才。这些方法嵌入在体育表演的潮起潮落中,并受到其所处的更广泛和独特的文化环境的影响。本研究结果表明,体育人才的识别和评价不能也不应该脱离教练员自身的主观性或个人偏好。讨论了本研究对未来研究、政策和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 1
Understanding the Impact of an Online Level 1 Coach Education Award on Dodgeball Coaches’ Learning and Practice 了解在线一级教练教育奖对躲避球教练学习和实践的影响
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0072
Thomas M. Leeder, Lee C. Beaumont, Ciaran M.C. Maloney
Improved internet access and technological advancements have significantly influenced coaches’ learning opportunities, with numerous online coach education courses now available. Despite this, we know little about coaches’ experiences of such provision and how it shapes coach learning. Consequently, the aim of this research is to understand the impact of an online Level 1 coach education award on dodgeball coaches’ learning and practice. Data were collected via an online qualitative survey involving 57 dodgeball coaches who had completed the award, alongside follow-up virtual semistructured interviews with eight coaches. Following a reflexive thematic analysis process drawing upon the theoretical framework of Jennifer Moon, three themes were generated: (a) a surface or deep approach? Understanding dodgeball coaches’ experiences of the Level 1 award, (b) coaches’ preferences and learning styles: a barrier for online coach education, and (c) enhancing the impact of online coach education: assessment and postaward support. Findings indicate that the award’s impact on learning and practice varied depending upon coaches’ cognitive structures, which influenced their perceptions toward the value of online provision. Although coaches’ experiences were generally positive, authentic assessment(s) and mentoring opportunities were proposed to further enhance the award’s impact.
互联网接入的改善和技术的进步极大地影响了教练的学习机会,现在有许多在线教练教育课程可供选择。尽管如此,我们对教练的经验知之甚少,也不知道它如何影响教练的学习。因此,本研究的目的是了解在线一级教练教育奖对躲避球教练学习和实践的影响。数据是通过一项在线定性调查收集的,该调查涉及57名完成该奖项的躲避球教练,以及对8名教练的后续虚拟半结构化访谈。在借鉴Jennifer Moon理论框架的反身性主题分析过程中,产生了三个主题:(a)表面方法还是深度方法?了解躲避球教练对一级奖励的体验,(b)教练的偏好和学习风格:在线教练教育的障碍,以及(c)增强在线教练教育的影响:评估和事后支持。研究结果表明,奖项对学习和实践的影响取决于教练的认知结构,这影响了他们对在线教学价值的看法。虽然教练的经历总体上是积极的,但为了进一步提高奖项的影响力,我们提出了真实的评估和指导机会。
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引用次数: 0
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International Sport Coaching Journal
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