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Examining the Impact of COVID-19 on Sport Coaches 研究COVID-19对体育教练的影响
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0025
Anthony Battaglia, G. Kerr
Researchers have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes’ experiences, however, there remains a lack of attention examining the impact of the pandemic on coaches’ experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine Ontario sport coaches’ perspectives on the implications of the pandemic on their experiences. As part of a large-scale survey of Ontario coaches’ experiences in sport, an open-ended question was asked regarding the implications of COVID-19 on the coaching population. In total, 591 participant responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. According to participants, most of the cited outcomes of COVID-19 were negative, although some positive aspects were cited. Negative outcomes of the pandemic included adapting coaching methods and practices, insufficient coach supports, declines in coaching confidence and skills, lack of meaningful interpersonal connections, mental health concerns, job and financial instability, unclear guidelines on safe returns to sport, and loss of athletes and athletic programs. Conversely, positive impacts included having time to reflect on their coaching pursuits and alternative interests and to engage in professional development. These findings highlight the importance of understanding coaches’ experiences during the pandemic and may be used to inform recommendations for supporting coaches post pandemic.
研究人员已经研究了COVID-19大流行对运动员经历的影响,然而,对大流行对教练经历的影响的研究仍然缺乏关注。因此,本研究的目的是研究安大略省体育教练对大流行对其经历的影响的看法。作为对安大略省教练体育经历的大规模调查的一部分,调查人员提出了一个关于COVID-19对教练群体影响的开放式问题。总共有591个参与者的回答使用主题分析进行了分析。与会者表示,尽管也提到了一些积极的方面,但大多数引用的结果都是消极的。大流行的负面后果包括调整教练方法和做法、教练支持不足、教练信心和技能下降、缺乏有意义的人际关系、心理健康问题、工作和财务不稳定、安全重返体育运动的指导方针不明确,以及运动员和体育项目的流失。相反,积极的影响包括有时间反思他们的教练追求和其他兴趣,并参与专业发展。这些发现强调了了解教练在大流行期间经验的重要性,并可用于为大流行后支持教练的建议提供信息。
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引用次数: 2
Talent Identification in Youth Basketball: Talent Scouts’ Perceptions of the Key Attributes for Athlete Development 青少年篮球人才识别:球探对运动员发展关键属性的感知
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2022-0052
P. Larkin, Madison Sanford, S. Talpey, A. Gorman, M. Reeves
The objective of this study is to understand the attributes youth coaches and talent scouts perceive as important when identifying skilled youth basketball players. Youth coaches and talent scouts (n = 40) from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and United States with an average of 14.09 (±9.77) years of experience completed an online questionnaire. The questionnaire asked participants to rank and justify attributes for identifying potentially talented youth basketball players according to their perceived importance. In addition, five youth coaches and talent scouts completed a semistructured interview that elaborated on how they identify these attributes in national-level youth players. Results from the questionnaire indicate a hierarchy of attributes coaches/scouts perceive as important for youth basketball performance, including tactical (i.e., decision-making ability), technical (i.e., layup, shooting in the paint, jump shot, rebounding), and psychological attributes (i.e., composure, concentration, adaptability). In addition, the results from the interviews provided more detailed justification for the importance of these attributes within the talent identification process. It is believed talent scouts apply a holistic multidisciplinary approach to talent identification, with the current findings potentially providing evidence to suggest coaches/scouts consider a wide range of tactical, technical, psychological, and physical attributes when identifying youth players.
本研究的目的是了解青训教练和球探在甄别高技能青年篮球运动员时认为重要的特质。来自澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的青年教练和星探(n = 40),平均经验为14.09(±9.77)年,完成了在线问卷调查。问卷要求参与者根据他们的感知重要性对潜在有天赋的青少年篮球运动员的属性进行排名和证明。此外,五名青训教练和球探完成了一项半结构化的访谈,详细阐述了他们如何在国家级青训球员身上发现这些特质。问卷调查的结果表明,教练/球探认为青少年篮球表现的重要属性有层次结构,包括战术(即决策能力)、技术(即上篮、内线投篮、跳投、篮板)和心理属性(即沉着、专注、适应能力)。此外,访谈的结果为这些属性在人才识别过程中的重要性提供了更详细的理由。人们认为,球探采用了一种全面的多学科方法来识别人才,目前的研究结果可能为教练/球探在识别年轻球员时考虑广泛的战术、技术、心理和身体特征提供了证据。
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引用次数: 0
Coaches’ and Researchers’ Perceptions of the Factors That Influence Knowledge Translation for Coaching in Portugal and Brazil 教练员和研究者对葡萄牙和巴西教练员知识翻译影响因素的认知
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2020-0069
Fernando Santos, Marta Ferreira, N. Holt
The main objective of this study was to examine Portuguese and Brazilian coaches’ and researchers’ perceptions of the factors that influence the knowledge translation processes in sport. Data were collected via focus groups with 36 coaches and 25 researchers from both countries. Results of a reflexive thematic analysis were captured by the themes: knowledge creation, barriers, knowledge dissemination and knowledge implementation, and evaluation. In both contexts, there was a gap between researchers’ and coaches’ needs, which hindered the knowledge translation process. The lack of partnerships in place between these stakeholders also created difficulties in the process of knowledge translation. Moving forward, universities and polytechnic institutes should forge meaningful partnerships with coaches so they can implement evidence-based practices and use research as a tool for improving the quality of the coaching process.
本研究的主要目的是考察葡萄牙和巴西教练和研究人员对影响体育知识翻译过程的因素的看法。数据是通过来自两国的36名教练和25名研究人员组成的焦点小组收集的。反思性主题分析的结果被捕获为主题:知识创造、障碍、知识传播和知识实施以及评估。在这两种情况下,研究者和教练员的需求之间存在差距,阻碍了知识的翻译过程。这些利益相关者之间缺乏伙伴关系也给知识转化过程带来了困难。展望未来,大学和理工学院应该与教练建立有意义的伙伴关系,以便他们能够实施基于证据的实践,并将研究作为提高教练过程质量的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Developing Critical Reflection Skills in a Formal Coach Education Program 在正式教练教育计划中发展批判性反思技能
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0068
Hans Vangrunderbeek, M. De Backer, Liam Mccarthy, Evi Buelens, Hans Ponnet
Alongside knowledge and understanding of the sport (what to coach) and strategies to support learning (how to coach), critical reflection is an important feature of high-quality coaching practice. Accordingly, there is a clear need for evidence-based tools and frameworks for appreciating and developing coaches’ critical reflection skills, through coach education programs. The purpose of this study is to share the results of an intervention intended to develop coaches’ critical reflection skills through a formal gymnastics coach education program within the Flemish School for Coach Education (Belgium). A pre–post test design was used to compare the development of written critical reflection skills in 25 gymnastics coaches (14 intervention and 11 control). Statistical analysis of data revealed that the intervention had a significant (p < .01) impact on the quality of coaches’ critical reflection. Coaches exhibited a positive, upward, trajectory from descriptive verbalizations to a deeper level of self-awareness, and greater criticality, along with demonstrating a willingness to adopt alternative ideas/approaches. Findings are discussed in relation to existing research on critical reflection as a feature of coach education. This study offers a unique critical reflection strategy that has the potential to meet the learning development needs of coaches in a formal coach education program.
除了对运动的知识和理解(教什么)以及支持学习的策略(如何教)之外,批判性反思也是高质量教练实践的一个重要特征。因此,我们显然需要基于证据的工具和框架,通过教练教育项目来欣赏和发展教练的批判性反思技能。本研究的目的是分享一项干预的结果,该干预旨在通过比利时佛兰德教练教育学校的正式体操教练教育计划来发展教练的批判性反思技能。采用前后测验设计对25名体操教练(14名干预组和11名对照组)的书面批判性反思技能的发展进行比较。数据统计分析显示,干预对教练员批判性反思质量有显著影响(p < 0.01)。教练表现出积极向上的轨迹,从描述性语言到更深层次的自我意识,以及更大的批判性,同时表现出接受替代想法/方法的意愿。本文讨论了批判性反思作为教练教育特征的相关研究结果。本研究提供了一种独特的批判性反思策略,该策略有可能满足正规教练教育计划中教练的学习发展需求。
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引用次数: 6
Coaches’ Perspectives of the Continuing Coach Education Program in the Development of Quality Coach Education in Singapore 教练对新加坡优质教练教育发展中继续教练教育项目的看法
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0070
L. Tan, D. O’Connor
Continuing professional development is considered essential to the improvement of sport coaching standards through the development of coaches’ knowledge. To support continuing professional development participation and learning for Singapore coaches, the Continuing Coach Education (CCE) program was introduced by Sport Singapore. The present study examined the influence of the Continuing Coach Education program on Level 1 Singapore-based coaches registered under the National Registry of Coaches. Utilizing an explanatory sequential quantitative–qualitative mixed methods approach to enhance understanding of participants’ perceptions, National Registry of Coaches Level 1 coaches completed an online questionnaire (n = 124) and participated in a semistructured interview (n = 7). Results revealed: (a) that intrapersonal knowledge was valued over professional and interpersonal knowledge; (b) that holistic development with an emphasis on character development of athletes was valued; (c) coaches’ key learning needs (i.e., sport psychology, use of technology in coaching, and career planning and development); (d) a preference to experience various learning sources (i.e., collaborative, experientially driven, recognized mediated, and internal unmediated), specific learning sources (i.e., self-directed and guided experiential), and improved coach developer facilitation; and (e) main learning motivations (i.e., meeting requirements and content relevance) and barriers (i.e., time and cost). Possible strategies to promote continuing professional development participation and learning for coaches practicing in similar contexts are discussed.
持续的专业发展被认为是通过教练知识的发展来提高体育教练水平的必要条件。为了支持新加坡教练持续的专业发展参与和学习,新加坡体育局推出了持续教练教育(CCE)计划。本研究考察了继续教练教育计划对在国家教练注册中心注册的新加坡一级教练的影响。利用解释性顺序定量-定性混合方法来增强对参与者感知的理解,国家教练登记册一级教练完成了一份在线问卷(n = 124),并参加了半结构化访谈(n = 7)。结果显示:(a)个人知识比专业知识和人际知识更受重视;(b)重视运动员的全面发展,强调品格的发展;(c)教练的主要学习需求(即运动心理学、技术在教练中的应用、职业规划和发展);(d)偏好体验各种学习来源(即协作式、经验驱动式、认可中介式和内部非中介式)、特定学习来源(即自我导向式和引导式体验式)和改进的教练开发人员促进;(e)主要的学习动机(即满足要求和内容相关性)和障碍(即时间和成本)。讨论了在类似背景下促进教练持续专业发展参与和学习的可能策略。
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引用次数: 2
Athletic Advisors’ Experiences Supporting Athletes Through Head Coach Transitions 体育顾问的经验,支持运动员通过主教练过渡
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0082
L. Rubin, Matt R. Huml
Head coaches play an important role in their influence on college athletes and their academic goals. Concerns have been raised about coaches’ prioritizing athletic team success over academics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of head coach transition on National Collegiate Athletic Association teams’ academic culture through the perspectives of athletic advisors. Interviews were conducted with 16 athletic advisors on their perceptions of the previous and new coaches’ perspective on, and involvement with, academics in addition to the transition period. Findings show the importance of the relationship between coaches and athletic advisors, that advisors were quick to discern if the new coach was going to elevate or deteriorate the program’s academic culture compared with predecessors, the need for advisors’ involvement in the search process for a new coach, and the role academics had in coach searches.
主教练在影响大学生运动员及其学业目标方面发挥着重要作用。人们对教练将运动队的成功置于学业之上的做法表示担忧。因此,本研究的目的是通过体育顾问的视角来探讨主教练更替对全国高校体育协会球队学术文化的影响。对16位体育顾问进行了访谈,询问他们对前任和新教练的看法,以及对学术的参与,以及过渡期的看法。研究结果显示了教练和运动顾问之间关系的重要性,与前任相比,顾问能够迅速辨别新教练是提升还是恶化项目的学术文化,顾问参与寻找新教练过程的必要性,以及学者在寻找教练中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploration of Coaching Practice: How Do High-Level Adventure Sports Coaches Develop Independence in Learners? 教练实践探索:高水平冒险运动教练员如何培养学习者的独立性?
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0087
Chris Eastabrook, Robin D. Taylor, Pam Richards, L. Collins
An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that high-level adventure sports coaches are developing their learners towards a personalised conception of independence in their activities. However, how coaches do this has yet to receive much attention. This investigation draws on a thematic analysis of 10 semistructured interviews that followed coaching sessions with an explicit focus on developing independence. Three themes emerged: developing a cognitive performer, an attuned coaching process that fosters independence, and developing the individual’s capacity to learn. The findings suggest that learners have an explicit comprehension of the “what and why” of the performance and coaches develop the learner’s ability to learn both how and where to continue their development postcoaching. The coaches achieve these two objectives by developing a long-term independent performance in their coaching practice. Coaches are not trying to develop fully independent performances during coaching, but instead to prepare learners to continue their development with adaptable performances within the practicalities of learning in adventurous environments.
越来越多的证据表明,高水平的冒险运动教练正在培养他们的学习者在活动中实现个性化的独立概念。然而,教练如何做到这一点还没有得到很多关注。这项调查利用了10个半结构化访谈的主题分析,这些访谈是在指导课程之后进行的,明确关注于培养独立性。三个主题出现了:发展一个认知表演者,一个协调的指导过程,培养独立性,发展个人的学习能力。研究结果表明,学习者对表现的“是什么和为什么”有一个明确的理解,教练培养学习者的能力,学习如何以及在哪里继续他们的发展。教练员通过在他们的教练实践中发展长期的独立表现来实现这两个目标。教练在指导过程中并不是试图培养完全独立的表现,而是让学习者在冒险环境中学习的实用性中,以适应性表现继续发展。
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引用次数: 0
An Exploration of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Assistant Coaches’ Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration 全国高校体育协会一级助理教练员基本心理需求、满足与挫折探析
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0072
Johannes Raabe, Kim Tolentino, Tucker Readdy
According to basic psychological needs theory, the quality of individuals’ cognition, affect, and behavior is determined by their perceptions of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The purpose of this study was to investigate National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I assistant coaches’ basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration and the respective influence of the behavior of the head coach for whom they work on those perceptions. A total of N = 445 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I assistant coaches (191 women and 254 men; Mage = 34.9 ± 9.6 years) participated in the research. Participants reported relatively high levels of both satisfaction and frustration (i.e., compared with previous research) for all three basic psychological needs. A structural equation model (root mean square error of approximation = .06; comparative fit index = .95; Tucker–Lewis index = .95; standardized root mean square residual = .04) indicated that participants’ need satisfaction was significantly associated with the degree to which they perceived their head coaches to engage in need-supportive, need-thwarting, and need-indifferent behavior. Similarly, perceived need-supportive and need-thwarting behavior was also related with assistant coaches’ sense of need frustration. Findings highlight not only the importance of head coaches in shaping assistant coaches’ psychological functioning but also multiple important avenues for future research.
根据基本心理需求理论,个体的认知、情感和行为质量是由个体对自主性、能力和关联性的感知决定的。摘要本研究旨在探讨美国大学体育协会一级助理教练的基本心理需求、满意度和挫败感,以及他们所服务的总教练的行为对这些感知的影响。共N = 445名全国高校体育协会一级助理教练(女191名,男254名;年龄= 34.9±9.6岁)参加研究。参与者报告了相对较高的满意度和挫败感(即,与之前的研究相比)对于所有三种基本心理需求。结构方程模型(近似均方根误差= .06;比较拟合指数= .95;Tucker-Lewis指数= 0.95;标准化均方根残差= .04)表明,参与者的需求满意度与他们认为主教练参与需求支持、需求阻碍和需求冷漠行为的程度显著相关。同样,感知到的需求支持和需求阻碍行为也与助理教练的需求挫败感有关。研究结果不仅突出了主教练在塑造助理教练心理功能方面的重要性,而且为未来的研究提供了多种重要途径。
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引用次数: 1
Mental Health Literacy Workshop for Youth Sport Coaches: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study 青少年体育教练心理健康素养讲习班:一项混合方法的试点研究
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0086
B. Drew, Jordan T. Sutcliffe, M. Bruner, Colin D. McLaren, C. Swann, M. Schweickle, S. Vella
Among other responsibilities, youth sport coaches are positioned to monitor and address the mental health needs of their athletes. Despite this, there are limited interventions aimed at improving coaches’ mental health literacy. Using a mixed-methods design, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and mental health literacy outcomes associated with a brief (75 min) workshop for youth sport coaches. Fourteen coaches (13 males, one female) completed pre- and postworkshop surveys measuring indices of mental health literacy, and 10 of these same participants engaged in a semistructured interview 1-month later. Overall, coaches who participated in the pilot workshop reported significant improvements in depression literacy, intentions to seek self-help for oneself and their athletes, and knowledge and confidence to provide help. In addition, coaches reported positive impressions of the workshop during the follow-up interviews and provided concrete examples of program content application. An important suggestion made by coaches was the need to align the workshop content to governing policy. Taken together, this pilot mental health literacy workshop for youth sport coaches shows strong promise and is ready for large-scale dissemination.
在其他职责中,青年体育教练的定位是监测和解决运动员的心理健康需求。尽管如此,旨在提高教练心理健康素养的干预措施有限。采用混合方法设计,本初步研究的目的是评估青少年体育教练简短(75分钟)研讨会的可行性、可接受性和心理健康素养结果。14名教练(男13名,女1名)完成了研讨会前和研讨会后的心理健康素养指数调查,其中10名参与者在1个月后进行了半结构化访谈。总体而言,参加试点讲习班的教练报告说,他们在抑郁症知识、为自己和运动员寻求自助的意愿以及提供帮助的知识和信心方面都有了显著的提高。此外,教练员在后续访谈中反映了对工作坊的积极印象,并提供了具体的课程内容应用实例。教练们提出的一个重要建议是,需要使讲习班的内容与管理政策保持一致。总而言之,这一青年体育教练心理健康素养试点讲习班显示出很大的希望,并准备进行大规模推广。
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引用次数: 0
International Council for Coaching Excellence Position Statement “Professionalisation of Sport Coaching as a Global Process of Continuous Improvement” 国际卓越教练委员会立场声明:“体育教练职业化是一个持续改进的全球过程”
IF 1.7 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1123/iscj.2021-0097
S. Lara-Bercial, John Wayland Bales, J. North, L. Petrovic, Guillermo Calvo
The contribution that sport coaches make to society has received growing recognition among policy-makers over the last decade. Sport coaching is no longer only associated with professional and Olympic sport, trophies, and medals, and it is regularly proposed as an activity that contributes to the development of individuals, communities, and societies. Unfortunately, sport coaching has also been associated with negative outcomes, such as institutionalized doping, abuse of athletes, and match fixing. The level of scrutiny and expectations on coaches are higher than ever, and, therefore, more and more countries and sport organizations are examining how coaches are currently recruited, educated, developed, supported, employed, represented, and recognized. In the current landscape, the need to review the existing International Council for Coaching Excellence position statement on “Sport Coaching as a Profession,” written in 2011, is paramount. The 2021 position statement takes into account policy, practice, and research developments over the last decade to propose a way forward for sport coaching over the next 10 years.
在过去的十年里,体育教练对社会的贡献越来越得到决策者的认可。体育教练不再仅仅与专业和奥林匹克运动、奖杯和奖牌联系在一起,它经常被认为是一项有助于个人、社区和社会发展的活动。不幸的是,体育教练也与负面结果联系在一起,比如制度化的兴奋剂、滥用运动员和操纵比赛。对教练的审查和期望比以往任何时候都要高,因此,越来越多的国家和体育组织正在研究教练目前是如何招聘、教育、发展、支持、雇用、代表和认可的。在目前的形势下,有必要重新审视现有的国际卓越教练理事会(International Council for Coaching Excellence)于2011年制定的关于“体育教练作为一种职业”的立场声明。2021年的立场声明考虑了过去十年的政策、实践和研究进展,提出了未来十年体育教练的前进方向。
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引用次数: 1
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International Sport Coaching Journal
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