Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2023.2178199
P. Mahundi, K. Pillay, N. Wiles
Background: Although iron supplementation may prevent iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy, a nutrition education tool highlighting the importance of iron supplementation during pregnancy is also important. Objectives: The aim was to develop and test a nutrition education tool on iron supplementation for pregnant women. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting: Mutare City Clinic, Manicaland province, Zimbabwe. Subjects: Sixty-seven pregnant women in their second or third trimesters of pregnancy and attending Mutare City Clinic for antenatal care (ANC) participated in the study. Outcome measures: The preferences of pregnant women regarding form, structure and content of the nutrition education tool were established using eight focus-group discussions (FGDs) in which 67 pregnant women participated. Three additional FGDs were conducted with another 28 pregnant women to assess the user-friendliness and acceptability of the developed tool. Results: A pamphlet was the most preferred tool, with English being the most preferred language, along with some Shona phrases. Women wanted information on IDA, dosage, duration and side-effects of iron supplementation and iron food sources to be included in the pamphlet. The participants identified clinics, pharmacies and churches as ideal sites for dissemination of the tool. Conclusions: A pamphlet on iron supplementation in simple English with some Shona phrases was the nutrition education tool most preferred by the pregnant women. Offering the pamphlet together with iron supplements to pregnant women could improve compliance with iron supplements. However, follow-up ANC consultations are important for effective implementation of all key messages in the pamphlet.
{"title":"Development and testing of a nutrition education tool on iron supplementation for pregnant women","authors":"P. Mahundi, K. Pillay, N. Wiles","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2023.2178199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2023.2178199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although iron supplementation may prevent iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) during pregnancy, a nutrition education tool highlighting the importance of iron supplementation during pregnancy is also important. Objectives: The aim was to develop and test a nutrition education tool on iron supplementation for pregnant women. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Setting: Mutare City Clinic, Manicaland province, Zimbabwe. Subjects: Sixty-seven pregnant women in their second or third trimesters of pregnancy and attending Mutare City Clinic for antenatal care (ANC) participated in the study. Outcome measures: The preferences of pregnant women regarding form, structure and content of the nutrition education tool were established using eight focus-group discussions (FGDs) in which 67 pregnant women participated. Three additional FGDs were conducted with another 28 pregnant women to assess the user-friendliness and acceptability of the developed tool. Results: A pamphlet was the most preferred tool, with English being the most preferred language, along with some Shona phrases. Women wanted information on IDA, dosage, duration and side-effects of iron supplementation and iron food sources to be included in the pamphlet. The participants identified clinics, pharmacies and churches as ideal sites for dissemination of the tool. Conclusions: A pamphlet on iron supplementation in simple English with some Shona phrases was the nutrition education tool most preferred by the pregnant women. Offering the pamphlet together with iron supplements to pregnant women could improve compliance with iron supplements. However, follow-up ANC consultations are important for effective implementation of all key messages in the pamphlet.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60100903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2023.2175456
W. Najam, C. Walsh, W. Oldewage-Theron
Objective: A study was undertaken to explore the differences in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices and their correlations among adults in both urban and rural communities in the Free State province of South Africa. Design: This study forms part of the cross-sectional Assuring Health for All in the Free-State (AHA-FS) study. Setting: The AHA-FS study is conducted in urban and rural parts of the Free State province of South Africa. The rural and urban stages of the study were conducted in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Subjects: The sample included 846 adult household members, aged between 25 and 65 years, from both rural and urban areas of the Free State province. Outcome measures: Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices were measured. Results: The sample included predominantly females (78.2%). Rural adults had significantly better nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), positive attitudes (p < 0.001) and positive beliefs (p < 0.001) and their nutrition knowledge and attitudes (r = 0.27, p < 0.001), nutrition knowledge and beliefs (r = 0.16, p < 0.001), and nutrition attitudes and beliefs (r = 0.38, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with each other. However, nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs were not correlated with nutrition practices among our sample in either the urban or rural setting. Conclusion and implication: The results of the current study confirm that relevant and culturally acceptable nutrition education interventions for translating nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs into practices are required.
{"title":"Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices: a comparison of urban and rural adults in the Free State province of South Africa","authors":"W. Najam, C. Walsh, W. Oldewage-Theron","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2023.2175456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2023.2175456","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A study was undertaken to explore the differences in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices and their correlations among adults in both urban and rural communities in the Free State province of South Africa. Design: This study forms part of the cross-sectional Assuring Health for All in the Free-State (AHA-FS) study. Setting: The AHA-FS study is conducted in urban and rural parts of the Free State province of South Africa. The rural and urban stages of the study were conducted in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Subjects: The sample included 846 adult household members, aged between 25 and 65 years, from both rural and urban areas of the Free State province. Outcome measures: Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices were measured. Results: The sample included predominantly females (78.2%). Rural adults had significantly better nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001), positive attitudes (p < 0.001) and positive beliefs (p < 0.001) and their nutrition knowledge and attitudes (r = 0.27, p < 0.001), nutrition knowledge and beliefs (r = 0.16, p < 0.001), and nutrition attitudes and beliefs (r = 0.38, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with each other. However, nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs were not correlated with nutrition practices among our sample in either the urban or rural setting. Conclusion and implication: The results of the current study confirm that relevant and culturally acceptable nutrition education interventions for translating nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and beliefs into practices are required.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41529271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2023.2175518
Megan Kreft, Brittany Smith, Daniella Hopwood, R. Blaauw
Introduction: There is an increase in young people’s engagement with social media (SM), specifically nutrition information. Nutrition misinformation is, however, prevalent on SM due to lack of professional gatekeeping of this user-generated content. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the use of SM as a platform for obtaining nutrition information and how the accuracy thereof is evaluated. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted. Data were collected from 2 318 participants using a content- and face-validated self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and relevant inferential statistics were used. A p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Setting: The survey was completed by students from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Subjects: Undergraduate students (18–25 years) registered at Stellenbosch University (2021), South Africa (n = 2 318). Results: Of 2 318 participants (69% female), 1 615 used SM to access nutrition information, with YouTube being the most used platform for this purpose (96%). Females used SM significantly more than males (p < 0.001) and participants living in shared accommodation used SM significantly less than those in other living arrangements (p < 0.001). A minority (17%) of participants ‘actively’ turn to SM for nutrition information, while the majority (54%) engaged only if it happened to appear on their feed. The preferred nutrition content was ‘what to eat in a day’ (83%). Participants felt most comfortable following a registered dietitian (64%) for accurate nutrition information. Relatability (87%) was a characteristic that motivated participants to follow SM influencers and 16% trusted claims from health influencers on SM. Although 91% understood what evidence-based nutrition information means, 77% of participants struggled to determine the accuracy of nutrition information on SM, with females indicating significantly more difficulty than males (chi2 = 39, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The participants engaged with nutrition information on SM and understood what evidenced-based nutrition information is. However, the majority lack skill in determining information accuracy on SM. A dietitian was trusted most as a source of nutrition information.
{"title":"The use of social media as a source of nutrition information","authors":"Megan Kreft, Brittany Smith, Daniella Hopwood, R. Blaauw","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2023.2175518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2023.2175518","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is an increase in young people’s engagement with social media (SM), specifically nutrition information. Nutrition misinformation is, however, prevalent on SM due to lack of professional gatekeeping of this user-generated content. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the use of SM as a platform for obtaining nutrition information and how the accuracy thereof is evaluated. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted. Data were collected from 2 318 participants using a content- and face-validated self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and relevant inferential statistics were used. A p < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Setting: The survey was completed by students from Stellenbosch University, South Africa. Subjects: Undergraduate students (18–25 years) registered at Stellenbosch University (2021), South Africa (n = 2 318). Results: Of 2 318 participants (69% female), 1 615 used SM to access nutrition information, with YouTube being the most used platform for this purpose (96%). Females used SM significantly more than males (p < 0.001) and participants living in shared accommodation used SM significantly less than those in other living arrangements (p < 0.001). A minority (17%) of participants ‘actively’ turn to SM for nutrition information, while the majority (54%) engaged only if it happened to appear on their feed. The preferred nutrition content was ‘what to eat in a day’ (83%). Participants felt most comfortable following a registered dietitian (64%) for accurate nutrition information. Relatability (87%) was a characteristic that motivated participants to follow SM influencers and 16% trusted claims from health influencers on SM. Although 91% understood what evidence-based nutrition information means, 77% of participants struggled to determine the accuracy of nutrition information on SM, with females indicating significantly more difficulty than males (chi2 = 39, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The participants engaged with nutrition information on SM and understood what evidenced-based nutrition information is. However, the majority lack skill in determining information accuracy on SM. A dietitian was trusted most as a source of nutrition information.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45375074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-05DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2023.2172707
Arezo Jamshidi, P. Abedi, N. Hamid, M. Haghighizadeh
Objective: While usually associated with weight gain, pregnancy and the postpartum period are also considered as an opportunity to prevent weight gain and its complications. Therefore, the prevention of ‘excessive/unnecessary’ weight gain is a necessary issue. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on self-efficacy and lifestyle to control weight and anthropometric indices among overweight and obese postpartum women. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Public health centres in Izeh, Iran. Subjects: Sixty eligible women were divided into two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) using a simple randomisation method. A demographic questionnaire, a checklist and Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WELQ) were used to collect the data. The intervention group received eight sessions of group CBT, while the control group received routine care. All variables were measured at baseline and four weeks after the completion of the intervention. Data were analysed using an independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square and analysis of covariance using SPSS version 24. Outcomes measures: Self-efficacy, weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip, and arm circumference, waist/hip ratio,and body fat percentage were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: The results showed that in the CBT group, there was a significant increase in the total score of self-efficacy and its components, while weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, mid-upper arm circumference and body fat percentage significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive behavioural therapy can improve self-efficacy, affecting weight and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese postpartum women. Therefore, CBT can be used as an adjunct to weight-loss intervention such as physical activity and diet or it can be used as a sole form of therapy to facilitate weight loss among overweight/obese postpartum women.
{"title":"Effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy on self-efficacy and anthropometric indices among overweight and obese postpartum women","authors":"Arezo Jamshidi, P. Abedi, N. Hamid, M. Haghighizadeh","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2023.2172707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2023.2172707","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: While usually associated with weight gain, pregnancy and the postpartum period are also considered as an opportunity to prevent weight gain and its complications. Therefore, the prevention of ‘excessive/unnecessary’ weight gain is a necessary issue. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on self-efficacy and lifestyle to control weight and anthropometric indices among overweight and obese postpartum women. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Public health centres in Izeh, Iran. Subjects: Sixty eligible women were divided into two groups of intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 30) using a simple randomisation method. A demographic questionnaire, a checklist and Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WELQ) were used to collect the data. The intervention group received eight sessions of group CBT, while the control group received routine care. All variables were measured at baseline and four weeks after the completion of the intervention. Data were analysed using an independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square and analysis of covariance using SPSS version 24. Outcomes measures: Self-efficacy, weight, height, body mass index, waist, hip, and arm circumference, waist/hip ratio,and body fat percentage were measured at baseline and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: The results showed that in the CBT group, there was a significant increase in the total score of self-efficacy and its components, while weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, mid-upper arm circumference and body fat percentage significantly reduced in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cognitive behavioural therapy can improve self-efficacy, affecting weight and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese postpartum women. Therefore, CBT can be used as an adjunct to weight-loss intervention such as physical activity and diet or it can be used as a sole form of therapy to facilitate weight loss among overweight/obese postpartum women.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46117254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2154535
G. Chinnery, Anna-Lena du Toit, C. Robinson, I. Kippie, E. Jonas, M. Scriba
Background: Fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic placement of nasojejunal tubes (NJT) for perioperative short- or medium-term enteral nutrition (EN) is potentially required for anatomical gastric feed intolerance. Methods: Indication for NJT and successful insertion rates was determined. NJT insertion costs were calculated and compared with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Duration of NJT patency in non-critical care surgical patients was determined in days in a local cohort. EN costs were calculated over a hypothetical 28-day period factoring in expected NJT replacements due to blockage and compared with parenteral nutrition (PN) via CVC, which included routine CVC changes every 10 days. Public and private sectors were compared. Results: One hundred and two (93.6%) NJTs were placed successfully, with gastric outlet obstruction the most frequent indication (40.4%) with a median 10 days’ (range 1–68 days, IQR 6–16.75 days) usage. Irrevocable blockage occurred in 33 tubes after a median 9 days (range 3–34 days; IQR 4.75–16 days). Calculated EN costs over 28 days, including NJT replacement every 9 days, reached US$1 676.12 and PN costs with CVC replacement every 10 days, US$3 461.35 (p < 0.001) in the public sector. In the private sector PN costs at 28 days were significantly higher (p < 0.001) at US$5 261.14 compared with EN US$3 780.71. The cost benefit of EN over PN is seen after three days in the public, and four days in the private sector. Conclusion: Exponential cost saving occurs with EN via NJT over time, even when factoring in the likelihood of NJT replacements.
{"title":"Early economic benefits of perioperative nasojejunal tube feeding in non-critical care adult surgical patients with gastric feed intolerance","authors":"G. Chinnery, Anna-Lena du Toit, C. Robinson, I. Kippie, E. Jonas, M. Scriba","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2154535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2154535","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fluoroscopy-guided endoscopic placement of nasojejunal tubes (NJT) for perioperative short- or medium-term enteral nutrition (EN) is potentially required for anatomical gastric feed intolerance. Methods: Indication for NJT and successful insertion rates was determined. NJT insertion costs were calculated and compared with central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Duration of NJT patency in non-critical care surgical patients was determined in days in a local cohort. EN costs were calculated over a hypothetical 28-day period factoring in expected NJT replacements due to blockage and compared with parenteral nutrition (PN) via CVC, which included routine CVC changes every 10 days. Public and private sectors were compared. Results: One hundred and two (93.6%) NJTs were placed successfully, with gastric outlet obstruction the most frequent indication (40.4%) with a median 10 days’ (range 1–68 days, IQR 6–16.75 days) usage. Irrevocable blockage occurred in 33 tubes after a median 9 days (range 3–34 days; IQR 4.75–16 days). Calculated EN costs over 28 days, including NJT replacement every 9 days, reached US$1 676.12 and PN costs with CVC replacement every 10 days, US$3 461.35 (p < 0.001) in the public sector. In the private sector PN costs at 28 days were significantly higher (p < 0.001) at US$5 261.14 compared with EN US$3 780.71. The cost benefit of EN over PN is seen after three days in the public, and four days in the private sector. Conclusion: Exponential cost saving occurs with EN via NJT over time, even when factoring in the likelihood of NJT replacements.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45823273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2023.2187545
M. Faber
The importance of healthy diets and children ’ s right to ade-quate nutrition are embedded in the UNICEF Nutrition Strategy 2020 – 2030. 1 Whereas the first 1 000 days are the most critical period for a child ’ s cognitive and physical development, the period from age 5 to 19 years (middle childhood and adolescence) is recognised as an important opportunity for catch-up growth, psychosocial development
{"title":"The complexity of choosing healthy diets","authors":"M. Faber","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2023.2187545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2023.2187545","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of healthy diets and children ’ s right to ade-quate nutrition are embedded in the UNICEF Nutrition Strategy 2020 – 2030. 1 Whereas the first 1 000 days are the most critical period for a child ’ s cognitive and physical development, the period from age 5 to 19 years (middle childhood and adolescence) is recognised as an important opportunity for catch-up growth, psychosocial development","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41710065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2141051
Tshiphiri Mukwevho, C. M. Smuts, H. Asare, M. Faber
Objective: A study was undertaken to determine the energy and nutrient contribution of different food groups to the dietary intake of 6- to <9-month-old infants. Design: An observational study was conducted using baseline data of a preliminary randomised controlled trial that aimed to determine the effect of egg consumption on infant growth. Setting and subjects: Participants resided in a peri-urban community (Jouberton) in North West province, South Africa. The study included 6- to <9-month-old infants (n = 155); 24-hour dietary recall data were available for n = 144. Results: Most infants consumed either two (29.2%) or three (42.4%) out of eight food groups. The grains/roots/tubers group was consumed by 95.8% of infants; for consumers thereof, it contributed 75.5% of iron, 53.0% of thiamine and 42.5% of folate. Breast milk and dairy were consumed respectively by 64.4% of infants. For breastfed infants, breast milk was the major contributor of energy and fat, and some micronutrients (calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin and riboflavin); but they had lower intakes (p < 0.05) for all micronutrients except vitamin A compared with non-breastfed infants. For consumers (16.7%) of animal-source foods (ASFs), these contributed 42.8% for vitamin B12 and 33.4% for protein; and intake of protein, riboflavin and vitamin B12 was higher (p < 0.05) for consumers compared with non-consumers. The least consumed food groups were legumes (0.7%), flesh foods (6.9%) and eggs (10.4%). Conclusion: Grains/roots/tubers, dairy and breast milk made a major contribution to the intake of key nutrients. Animal-source foods were not consumed frequently, but for consumers thereof made a substantial contribution as well. Recommendation: Strategies to improve dietary diversity should encourage continued breastfeeding, aim to increase intake of food groups not frequently consumed and promote locally available food.
{"title":"Energy and nutrient contribution of different food groups to the dietary intake of 6- to <9-month-old infants in a low socioeconomic community in North West Province, South Africa","authors":"Tshiphiri Mukwevho, C. M. Smuts, H. Asare, M. Faber","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2141051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2141051","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A study was undertaken to determine the energy and nutrient contribution of different food groups to the dietary intake of 6- to <9-month-old infants. Design: An observational study was conducted using baseline data of a preliminary randomised controlled trial that aimed to determine the effect of egg consumption on infant growth. Setting and subjects: Participants resided in a peri-urban community (Jouberton) in North West province, South Africa. The study included 6- to <9-month-old infants (n = 155); 24-hour dietary recall data were available for n = 144. Results: Most infants consumed either two (29.2%) or three (42.4%) out of eight food groups. The grains/roots/tubers group was consumed by 95.8% of infants; for consumers thereof, it contributed 75.5% of iron, 53.0% of thiamine and 42.5% of folate. Breast milk and dairy were consumed respectively by 64.4% of infants. For breastfed infants, breast milk was the major contributor of energy and fat, and some micronutrients (calcium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin and riboflavin); but they had lower intakes (p < 0.05) for all micronutrients except vitamin A compared with non-breastfed infants. For consumers (16.7%) of animal-source foods (ASFs), these contributed 42.8% for vitamin B12 and 33.4% for protein; and intake of protein, riboflavin and vitamin B12 was higher (p < 0.05) for consumers compared with non-consumers. The least consumed food groups were legumes (0.7%), flesh foods (6.9%) and eggs (10.4%). Conclusion: Grains/roots/tubers, dairy and breast milk made a major contribution to the intake of key nutrients. Animal-source foods were not consumed frequently, but for consumers thereof made a substantial contribution as well. Recommendation: Strategies to improve dietary diversity should encourage continued breastfeeding, aim to increase intake of food groups not frequently consumed and promote locally available food.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2147663
H. Spies, M. Frey, B. Karstens
Background The most common cause of haemodynamic instability (a disturbance of the forces involved in circulating blood through the body) in the critically ill patient is a state of shock, whether it is hypovolaemic, cardiogenic or distributive (septic, anaphylactic or neurogenic) shock. Although the causes of the state of shock differ, the result is the same: decrease in cardiac output and insufficient tissue perfusion; hence haemodynamic instability. Interventions, including fluid therapy and the administration of vasoactive substances like vasopressors (increase in the vascular tone) and inotropic substances (increase in myocardial contraction) to restore homeostasis (haemodynamic stability), are of critical importance to prevent further deterioration.
{"title":"Nutrition and vasoactive substances in the critically ill patient","authors":"H. Spies, M. Frey, B. Karstens","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2147663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2147663","url":null,"abstract":"Background The most common cause of haemodynamic instability (a disturbance of the forces involved in circulating blood through the body) in the critically ill patient is a state of shock, whether it is hypovolaemic, cardiogenic or distributive (septic, anaphylactic or neurogenic) shock. Although the causes of the state of shock differ, the result is the same: decrease in cardiac output and insufficient tissue perfusion; hence haemodynamic instability. Interventions, including fluid therapy and the administration of vasoactive substances like vasopressors (increase in the vascular tone) and inotropic substances (increase in myocardial contraction) to restore homeostasis (haemodynamic stability), are of critical importance to prevent further deterioration.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2147660
R. Blaauw
Data on the prevalence of malnutrition amongst adult hospitalised patients globally range between 23–55%. South African data is scarce but tend to be on the higher end of the range. A study from the Eastern Cape province reported a prevalence of 48.2%, using the MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) high-risk group. Using the Nutrition Risk Screening2002 tool to identify participants at-risk of malnutrition, a prevalence of 53.7% were reported for three academic hospitals in South Africa. A recent study from Gauteng province reported a malnutrition prevalence of 56.8%, using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. As malnutrition is associated with longer length of hospital stay, more complications, increased re-admissions and greater mortality, early identification and appropriate management of malnutrition is crucial.
{"title":"Importance of hospital food supply to manage malnutrition","authors":"R. Blaauw","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2147660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2147660","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the prevalence of malnutrition amongst adult hospitalised patients globally range between 23–55%. South African data is scarce but tend to be on the higher end of the range. A study from the Eastern Cape province reported a prevalence of 48.2%, using the MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) high-risk group. Using the Nutrition Risk Screening2002 tool to identify participants at-risk of malnutrition, a prevalence of 53.7% were reported for three academic hospitals in South Africa. A recent study from Gauteng province reported a malnutrition prevalence of 56.8%, using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. As malnutrition is associated with longer length of hospital stay, more complications, increased re-admissions and greater mortality, early identification and appropriate management of malnutrition is crucial.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45907756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-27DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2148909
Samson Udho, Joyce Nankumbi, Mariam Namutebi, D. Mukunya, G. Ndeezi, J. Tumwine
Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of recent literature on the predictors of anaemia during pregnancy in the context of northern Uganda, a region emerging out of decades of war. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women in northern Uganda. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 320 pregnant women seeking care at Lira Regional Referral Hospital were consecutively enrolled. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected included: demographic, obstetric, nutritional and dietary characteristics of study participants. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and logistic regression with 95% confidence and a p-value of < 0.05 as significant using STATA version 14. Results: The mean age of the women was 25.3 ± 5.6 years while their mean gestational age was 25.4 ± 7.8 weeks. The overall prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl in the first and third trimesters and less than 10.5 g/dl in the second trimester) was 24.7%. Iron deficiency was prevalent in half of the women (50%) with anaemia. Factors independently associated with anaemia included taking antimalarial prophylaxis (AOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.19, 0.99) and consumption of legumes and cereals more than twice in the previous week (AOR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24, 0.89). Conclusion: One-quarter of pregnant women in this study population based in northern Uganda were anaemic. There is a need to strengthen interventions to control anaemia during pregnancy, particularly the intake of antimalarial prophylaxis and consumption of iron-rich locally available foods.
{"title":"Prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and associated factors in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Samson Udho, Joyce Nankumbi, Mariam Namutebi, D. Mukunya, G. Ndeezi, J. Tumwine","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2148909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2148909","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and foetal outcomes. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of recent literature on the predictors of anaemia during pregnancy in the context of northern Uganda, a region emerging out of decades of war. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women in northern Uganda. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 320 pregnant women seeking care at Lira Regional Referral Hospital were consecutively enrolled. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data collected included: demographic, obstetric, nutritional and dietary characteristics of study participants. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and logistic regression with 95% confidence and a p-value of < 0.05 as significant using STATA version 14. Results: The mean age of the women was 25.3 ± 5.6 years while their mean gestational age was 25.4 ± 7.8 weeks. The overall prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl in the first and third trimesters and less than 10.5 g/dl in the second trimester) was 24.7%. Iron deficiency was prevalent in half of the women (50%) with anaemia. Factors independently associated with anaemia included taking antimalarial prophylaxis (AOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.19, 0.99) and consumption of legumes and cereals more than twice in the previous week (AOR 0.46; 95% CI 0.24, 0.89). Conclusion: One-quarter of pregnant women in this study population based in northern Uganda were anaemic. There is a need to strengthen interventions to control anaemia during pregnancy, particularly the intake of antimalarial prophylaxis and consumption of iron-rich locally available foods.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49204588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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