Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2079259
E. Korir, P. Tuitoek, D. Marais
Background: Diets in the Lake Victoria region of Kenya have been described as monotonous, consisting chiefly of starchy staple foods, accompanied by green vegetables and oil. To promote healthy eating in the region, 11 food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were proposed. Objective: This study was designed to assess perception of the proposed FBDGs amongst consumers in Lake Victoria region. Design and setting: A qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 36 focus-group discussions (FGD) among adult males (18) and females (18) in Kisumu and Homa Bay Counties. Subjects: A total of 207 adult males (26–74 years) and 211 females (18–71 years) participated in this study. Data collection and analysis: Proposed FBDGs were printed on posters and presented to FGD participants. Proceedings were audio-taped, transcribed, translated and analysed based on themes. Results: The proposed FBDGs were perceived as promoting the consumption of a balanced diet. As a concept, a balanced diet was misrepresented as composed of only three nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins. There was no mention of fats/oils and minerals as other significant nutrient constituents of a balanced diet. Other concepts, which included ‘three regular meals’, ‘snacks’, ‘food variety’, ‘healthy and physically active lifestyle’, were polysemous. Conclusion: The findings provide insight to guide the adaptation of the national FBDGs. The findings also provide a basis for nutrition advocacy programmes and a rationale for the revision of nutrition education materials, including the school curriculum, to align content with current evidence-based information.
{"title":"Perception of proposed preliminary food-based dietary guidelines for Lake Victoria region of Kenya: findings from a qualitative study among adult community members","authors":"E. Korir, P. Tuitoek, D. Marais","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2079259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2079259","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diets in the Lake Victoria region of Kenya have been described as monotonous, consisting chiefly of starchy staple foods, accompanied by green vegetables and oil. To promote healthy eating in the region, 11 food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were proposed. Objective: This study was designed to assess perception of the proposed FBDGs amongst consumers in Lake Victoria region. Design and setting: A qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 36 focus-group discussions (FGD) among adult males (18) and females (18) in Kisumu and Homa Bay Counties. Subjects: A total of 207 adult males (26–74 years) and 211 females (18–71 years) participated in this study. Data collection and analysis: Proposed FBDGs were printed on posters and presented to FGD participants. Proceedings were audio-taped, transcribed, translated and analysed based on themes. Results: The proposed FBDGs were perceived as promoting the consumption of a balanced diet. As a concept, a balanced diet was misrepresented as composed of only three nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins. There was no mention of fats/oils and minerals as other significant nutrient constituents of a balanced diet. Other concepts, which included ‘three regular meals’, ‘snacks’, ‘food variety’, ‘healthy and physically active lifestyle’, were polysemous. Conclusion: The findings provide insight to guide the adaptation of the national FBDGs. The findings also provide a basis for nutrition advocacy programmes and a rationale for the revision of nutrition education materials, including the school curriculum, to align content with current evidence-based information.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"70 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2082146
M. Faber
Malnutrition has a negative effect on the health, development and educational achievement of children, highlighting the importance of fostering healthy eating behaviour and interventions that address both underand over-nutrition in schoolaged children, particularly in lowand middle-income countries. Eating breakfast has positive effects on behaviour in the classroom, mainly in primary school age children, and academic performance. Skipping breakfast has been shown to be consistently associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. Maintaining a healthy weight in childhood reduces the risks of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease later in life. South Africa’s Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Obesity 2015–2020 has a strong focus on preventing childhood obesity, aims to promote healthy eating, and enables access to healthy food choices in various settings, including schools.
{"title":"Fostering healthy eating in children","authors":"M. Faber","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2082146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2082146","url":null,"abstract":"Malnutrition has a negative effect on the health, development and educational achievement of children, highlighting the importance of fostering healthy eating behaviour and interventions that address both underand over-nutrition in schoolaged children, particularly in lowand middle-income countries. Eating breakfast has positive effects on behaviour in the classroom, mainly in primary school age children, and academic performance. Skipping breakfast has been shown to be consistently associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. Maintaining a healthy weight in childhood reduces the risks of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease later in life. South Africa’s Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Obesity 2015–2020 has a strong focus on preventing childhood obesity, aims to promote healthy eating, and enables access to healthy food choices in various settings, including schools.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"i - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45398205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2076374
Gudani Mukoma, S. Wrottesley, J. Kagura, T. Oni, L. Micklesfield, S. Norris
Background: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity level with body mass index of urban South African young women. Methods: Data were collected on 160 black South African women (aged 18–24 years) and included household SES, food frequency and nutritional knowledge questionnaires, self-reported physical activity and anthropometry. To assess household SES index, 1–7 assets were categorised as a lower household SES and those with 8–13 assets as a higher household SES. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect and total effects on adiposity of household SES, age, education, nutrition knowledge score, dietary patterns and physical activity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar among women from high SES households compared with their low SES peers (48.4 vs. 44.8%). More than half (53%) of the women had poor dietary knowledge. Women from low SES households spent more time in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (MVPA) compared with their high SES counterparts. Two distinct dietary patterns (Western and mixed) were identified. SEM results show that a unit increase in adherence to the ‘Mixed’ dietary pattern compared with ‘Western’ was associated with a 0.81 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −1.54; −0.08), while ≥ 150 minutes’ MVPA per week was associated with a 1.94 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −3.48; −0.41). Conclusion: The associations of SES, diet and physical activity on BMI must be taken into account when developing and designing interventions that target improvement in young women’s health.
{"title":"The relationships between socioeconomic status, dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity with adiposity in urban South African women","authors":"Gudani Mukoma, S. Wrottesley, J. Kagura, T. Oni, L. Micklesfield, S. Norris","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2076374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2076374","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity level with body mass index of urban South African young women. Methods: Data were collected on 160 black South African women (aged 18–24 years) and included household SES, food frequency and nutritional knowledge questionnaires, self-reported physical activity and anthropometry. To assess household SES index, 1–7 assets were categorised as a lower household SES and those with 8–13 assets as a higher household SES. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect and total effects on adiposity of household SES, age, education, nutrition knowledge score, dietary patterns and physical activity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar among women from high SES households compared with their low SES peers (48.4 vs. 44.8%). More than half (53%) of the women had poor dietary knowledge. Women from low SES households spent more time in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (MVPA) compared with their high SES counterparts. Two distinct dietary patterns (Western and mixed) were identified. SEM results show that a unit increase in adherence to the ‘Mixed’ dietary pattern compared with ‘Western’ was associated with a 0.81 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −1.54; −0.08), while ≥ 150 minutes’ MVPA per week was associated with a 1.94 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −3.48; −0.41). Conclusion: The associations of SES, diet and physical activity on BMI must be taken into account when developing and designing interventions that target improvement in young women’s health.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"56 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-07DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2061109
G. Moyo, A. Egal, W. Oldewage-Theron
Background: The existence of multiple forms of malnutrition is a growing problem in developing countries. Children living in the Eastern Cape have a relatively high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and food insecurity, suggesting the possibility of the several coexisting forms of malnutrition. Due to the negative long-term consequences of undernutrition, overnutrition and, to a greater extent, a combination of both, it is important for this issue to be identified early in children and addressed. Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of the different forms of malnutrition in children living in the Eastern Cape province. Methods: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional sample of 237 school-aged children, aged 6–18 years, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa was conducted. The variables included in the analysis were the demographic data, anthropometric data and biochemical data, specifically blood profiles related to micronutrient deficiencies and CVD risk factors. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence rates of several coexisting forms of malnutrition in the children. All data analysis was conducted in R version 4.0.3 and statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: In children with overweight/obesity, 13.6% had a micronutrient deficiency, while 37.71% of the children within the normal weight range had coexisting micronutrient deficiencies and CVD risk factors. The prevalence of folate deficiency was 73.0%, iron deficiency 6.3%, and hyperglycaemia was at 10.6%. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence rates between genders and no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand the relatively high prevalence of CVD risk factors in these children within the normal weight range and to investigate how dietary intake contributes to the overall double burden of malnutrition in children.
{"title":"Exploring the prevalence of multiple forms of malnutrition in children 6–18 years living in the Eastern Cape, South Africa","authors":"G. Moyo, A. Egal, W. Oldewage-Theron","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2061109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2061109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The existence of multiple forms of malnutrition is a growing problem in developing countries. Children living in the Eastern Cape have a relatively high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and food insecurity, suggesting the possibility of the several coexisting forms of malnutrition. Due to the negative long-term consequences of undernutrition, overnutrition and, to a greater extent, a combination of both, it is important for this issue to be identified early in children and addressed. Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of the different forms of malnutrition in children living in the Eastern Cape province. Methods: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional sample of 237 school-aged children, aged 6–18 years, in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa was conducted. The variables included in the analysis were the demographic data, anthropometric data and biochemical data, specifically blood profiles related to micronutrient deficiencies and CVD risk factors. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence rates of several coexisting forms of malnutrition in the children. All data analysis was conducted in R version 4.0.3 and statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: In children with overweight/obesity, 13.6% had a micronutrient deficiency, while 37.71% of the children within the normal weight range had coexisting micronutrient deficiencies and CVD risk factors. The prevalence of folate deficiency was 73.0%, iron deficiency 6.3%, and hyperglycaemia was at 10.6%. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the prevalence rates between genders and no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand the relatively high prevalence of CVD risk factors in these children within the normal weight range and to investigate how dietary intake contributes to the overall double burden of malnutrition in children.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"51 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46869988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2042923
J. Bussicott, R. Patel, J. Pellow, RK Razlog
Objectives: Complementary medicines (CMs) that are formulated to facilitate weight loss are a popular and widely available treatment option, particularly among women. There is limited research regarding their use in the South African context. The aim of this study was to gather information on the use and perceived effectiveness of CMs for weight loss among adult women. Design: A quantitative, descriptive survey design was used. Setting: Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: A purposive sample of women over the age of 18 years who had used CMs for weight loss within the past five years were recruited from health stores and a university campus healthcare centre. Outcome measures: Data were obtained through a self-administered 29-item, paper-and-pen questionnaire. Responses were descriptively analysed using cross-tabulation, multiple response analysis and frequency tables. Results: Data from 160 questionnaires were analysed and the results demonstrated that a wide variety of CM products are used for weight loss, with branded combination products, green tea, Garcinia cambogia and conjugated linoleic acid being the most popular. Most participants also adopted lifestyle interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction during their weight loss attempt. While minor side effects were experienced by over half of the participants, the majority were satisfied with their product choice as well as the amount of weight that they lost. Conclusion: Most participants perceived their CM weight loss product of choice to be effective. However, other concomitant weight-loss strategies that were employed may have been responsible for these results. Despite their popularity, there is only very limited research surrounding the safety and efficacy of these weight-loss products, with most studies being conducted on single constituents rather than whole formulations as sold on the market. Healthcare providers should encourage the disclosure of the use of CM weight-loss products to ensure safe and effective patient care and mitigate the potential risks associated with their inappropriate use.
{"title":"Use and perceived effectiveness of complementary medicines for weight loss in adult women","authors":"J. Bussicott, R. Patel, J. Pellow, RK Razlog","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2042923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2042923","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Complementary medicines (CMs) that are formulated to facilitate weight loss are a popular and widely available treatment option, particularly among women. There is limited research regarding their use in the South African context. The aim of this study was to gather information on the use and perceived effectiveness of CMs for weight loss among adult women. Design: A quantitative, descriptive survey design was used. Setting: Johannesburg, South Africa. Subjects: A purposive sample of women over the age of 18 years who had used CMs for weight loss within the past five years were recruited from health stores and a university campus healthcare centre. Outcome measures: Data were obtained through a self-administered 29-item, paper-and-pen questionnaire. Responses were descriptively analysed using cross-tabulation, multiple response analysis and frequency tables. Results: Data from 160 questionnaires were analysed and the results demonstrated that a wide variety of CM products are used for weight loss, with branded combination products, green tea, Garcinia cambogia and conjugated linoleic acid being the most popular. Most participants also adopted lifestyle interventions such as exercise and calorie restriction during their weight loss attempt. While minor side effects were experienced by over half of the participants, the majority were satisfied with their product choice as well as the amount of weight that they lost. Conclusion: Most participants perceived their CM weight loss product of choice to be effective. However, other concomitant weight-loss strategies that were employed may have been responsible for these results. Despite their popularity, there is only very limited research surrounding the safety and efficacy of these weight-loss products, with most studies being conducted on single constituents rather than whole formulations as sold on the market. Healthcare providers should encourage the disclosure of the use of CM weight-loss products to ensure safe and effective patient care and mitigate the potential risks associated with their inappropriate use.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49510039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2052424
N. van Wyk
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) involves cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. By virtue of the tumour location, nutrition support in this patient cohort can be extremely challenging. A 48-year-old male presented with a two-month history of progressive dysphagia, significant loss of weight, shortness of breath and coughing secondary to a non-benign lesion in his throat. This debilitating condition led to severe malnutrition and due to the prevailing nutritional risk the patient was assessed as a very high risk for refeeding syndrome. Several investigations were done during the admission, which then confirmed the final diagnosis of a transglottic squamous cell cancer. Surgical optimisation, including preoperative nutritional optimisation, was discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting and a total laryngectomy was scheduled seven days later. Perioperative nutritional management required careful consideration of several factors but the involvement of dietetics services from the day of admission played a crucial role in the successful management of this patient.
{"title":"Case study: nutritional considerations in the head and neck cancer patient","authors":"N. van Wyk","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2052424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2052424","url":null,"abstract":"Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) involves cancer of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. By virtue of the tumour location, nutrition support in this patient cohort can be extremely challenging. A 48-year-old male presented with a two-month history of progressive dysphagia, significant loss of weight, shortness of breath and coughing secondary to a non-benign lesion in his throat. This debilitating condition led to severe malnutrition and due to the prevailing nutritional risk the patient was assessed as a very high risk for refeeding syndrome. Several investigations were done during the admission, which then confirmed the final diagnosis of a transglottic squamous cell cancer. Surgical optimisation, including preoperative nutritional optimisation, was discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting and a total laryngectomy was scheduled seven days later. Perioperative nutritional management required careful consideration of several factors but the involvement of dietetics services from the day of admission played a crucial role in the successful management of this patient.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"35 1","pages":"85 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41860406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2052412
A. Laher, Jared McDowall, Mikayla van Welie, Domenic M Malinga, Alistair J Craythorne, B. J. van Aardt, Tasneem Dalvie, G. Richards
Objectives: Nutritional support is a fundamental component of holistic patient care in the intensive care unit (ICU). There is a paucity of local data pertaining to nutritional support practices at ICUs in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine nutritional support practices at an academic hospital ICU in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study, a simple random sampling method was utilised to select 50 data collection days from a three-month period (1 August–31 October 2018). Data relevant to the study were extracted from the ICU charts of patients who received formulae-based enteral and/or parenteral nutrition on the selected days. Charts were categorised into acute phase days (≤ 72 hours from ICU admission) and recovery phase days (> 72 hours from ICU admission). Results: A total of 387 ICU charts were included in the final sample, comprising 114 acute phase and 273 recovery phase days. Overall, enteral nutrition was prescribed on 296 (76.5%) chart days while parenteral nutrition was prescribed on 111 (28.7%) chart days. The median daily fluid balance was approximately 600 ml positive. Target protein and calorie intake was achieved on 67 (17.3%) and 110 (28.4%) chart days respectively. Conclusion: Although protein and calorie intake was suboptimal in comparison with the recommended targets, it is in keeping with general international trends. Regular audits, training of staff, attention to minimising feeding interruptions and encouraging the timely initiation of enteral nutrition are recommended interventions that may be useful in achieving nutritional targets.
{"title":"Nutritional support practices at an intensive care unit in Johannesburg, South Africa","authors":"A. Laher, Jared McDowall, Mikayla van Welie, Domenic M Malinga, Alistair J Craythorne, B. J. van Aardt, Tasneem Dalvie, G. Richards","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2052412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2052412","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Nutritional support is a fundamental component of holistic patient care in the intensive care unit (ICU). There is a paucity of local data pertaining to nutritional support practices at ICUs in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine nutritional support practices at an academic hospital ICU in Johannesburg, South Africa. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study, a simple random sampling method was utilised to select 50 data collection days from a three-month period (1 August–31 October 2018). Data relevant to the study were extracted from the ICU charts of patients who received formulae-based enteral and/or parenteral nutrition on the selected days. Charts were categorised into acute phase days (≤ 72 hours from ICU admission) and recovery phase days (> 72 hours from ICU admission). Results: A total of 387 ICU charts were included in the final sample, comprising 114 acute phase and 273 recovery phase days. Overall, enteral nutrition was prescribed on 296 (76.5%) chart days while parenteral nutrition was prescribed on 111 (28.7%) chart days. The median daily fluid balance was approximately 600 ml positive. Target protein and calorie intake was achieved on 67 (17.3%) and 110 (28.4%) chart days respectively. Conclusion: Although protein and calorie intake was suboptimal in comparison with the recommended targets, it is in keeping with general international trends. Regular audits, training of staff, attention to minimising feeding interruptions and encouraging the timely initiation of enteral nutrition are recommended interventions that may be useful in achieving nutritional targets.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"45 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60100794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2051381
M. van Loggerenberg, Bianca van der Westhuizen, N. Koen
Objective: A study was undertaken to determine the perceptions of key role-players regarding challenges and opportunities to move the South African salt-reduction strategy forward. Design: The study had a qualitative, exploratory design using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Setting: South Africa. Subjects: A total of 12 participants from various fields within the salt-reduction strategy environment, including academia, government and policy-related institutions, research sector and non-governmental organisations, took part. Outcome measures: Consumer knowledge, consumer education programmes, multi-sectoral collaboration, research efforts and strategy recommendations were noted. Results: Overall perceptions of the current salt-reduction strategy in South Africa were positive. Most of the participants agreed that the current strategy is the best approach to reduce the salt intake of the South African population. Participants strongly believed, however, that the strategy is not currently reinforced and that the initial momentum is lost. Concerns were raised regarding the absence of consumer-awareness campaigns, the population’s lack of knowledge regarding salt intake and its relation to health, and the challenges around the monitoring of salt/sodium in processed foods. Participants also highlighted the lack of current studies in this field as well as existing data to be used for baseline studies. Conclusions: South Africa’s current salt-reduction strategy is the correct approach to decrease the population’s salt intake. The initial phase of implementing the strategy has been successful, but the current perception is that government is not following through with this strategy. Several key areas that are needed for this strategy to succeed are being neglected.
{"title":"Key role-players’ perceptions of the current salt legislation in South Africa: opportunities and challenges","authors":"M. van Loggerenberg, Bianca van der Westhuizen, N. Koen","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2051381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2051381","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A study was undertaken to determine the perceptions of key role-players regarding challenges and opportunities to move the South African salt-reduction strategy forward. Design: The study had a qualitative, exploratory design using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Setting: South Africa. Subjects: A total of 12 participants from various fields within the salt-reduction strategy environment, including academia, government and policy-related institutions, research sector and non-governmental organisations, took part. Outcome measures: Consumer knowledge, consumer education programmes, multi-sectoral collaboration, research efforts and strategy recommendations were noted. Results: Overall perceptions of the current salt-reduction strategy in South Africa were positive. Most of the participants agreed that the current strategy is the best approach to reduce the salt intake of the South African population. Participants strongly believed, however, that the strategy is not currently reinforced and that the initial momentum is lost. Concerns were raised regarding the absence of consumer-awareness campaigns, the population’s lack of knowledge regarding salt intake and its relation to health, and the challenges around the monitoring of salt/sodium in processed foods. Participants also highlighted the lack of current studies in this field as well as existing data to be used for baseline studies. Conclusions: South Africa’s current salt-reduction strategy is the correct approach to decrease the population’s salt intake. The initial phase of implementing the strategy has been successful, but the current perception is that government is not following through with this strategy. Several key areas that are needed for this strategy to succeed are being neglected.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"38 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45127800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2048444
Thea Hansen, E. du Toit, C. van Rooyen, R. Lategan-Potgieter
Objective: A study was undertaken to determine the sociodemographic variables (SDV) and caregivers’ attitudes that impact on healthy eating and the provision of healthy breakfast and school lunchboxes. Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study using self-administered questionnaires. Setting: Participating Quintile 5 primary schools in Bloemfontein, South Africa (SA). Participants: Caregivers of learners, aged 6–12 years (N = 1 286). Main outcome measures: To determine associations between sociodemographic variables (SDV) and attitudes towards the provision of healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods. Analysis: Wilcoxon two-sample test for unpaired data or the chi-square test to compare groups. A p-value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Caregivers with higher income and those living with a life partner were more likely to perceive healthy food as being more expensive than less healthy food (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) and were of the opinion that preparing lunchboxes increased their workload (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Caregivers with lower income had a less positive attitude towards healthy eating habits (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Caregivers mostly had a positive attitude towards providing healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods. Discrepancies between caregivers’ perception of preparation time and cost of healthy food, and the provision of healthy food to learners, were observed.
{"title":"Sociodemographic variables affecting caregivers’ attitudes towards the provision of healthy breakfast and lunchboxes to children in their care","authors":"Thea Hansen, E. du Toit, C. van Rooyen, R. Lategan-Potgieter","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2048444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2048444","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A study was undertaken to determine the sociodemographic variables (SDV) and caregivers’ attitudes that impact on healthy eating and the provision of healthy breakfast and school lunchboxes. Design: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study using self-administered questionnaires. Setting: Participating Quintile 5 primary schools in Bloemfontein, South Africa (SA). Participants: Caregivers of learners, aged 6–12 years (N = 1 286). Main outcome measures: To determine associations between sociodemographic variables (SDV) and attitudes towards the provision of healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods. Analysis: Wilcoxon two-sample test for unpaired data or the chi-square test to compare groups. A p-value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Caregivers with higher income and those living with a life partner were more likely to perceive healthy food as being more expensive than less healthy food (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively) and were of the opinion that preparing lunchboxes increased their workload (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Caregivers with lower income had a less positive attitude towards healthy eating habits (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Caregivers mostly had a positive attitude towards providing healthy breakfast and lunchbox foods. Discrepancies between caregivers’ perception of preparation time and cost of healthy food, and the provision of healthy food to learners, were observed.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"20 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43980302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-26DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2022.2051305
Mahbobeh Kianfar, P. Afshari, P. Abedi, M. Haghighizadeh
Background: Overweight or obese middle-aged women are at a greater risk of chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between a weight-efficacy lifestyle and anthropometric indices in middle-aged women. Methods: In this study, 500 middle-aged women were recruited randomly from ten public health centres in Ahvaz. A sociodemographic questionnaire and weight-efficacy lifestyle (WEL) questionnaire were used to collect the data. Anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist and hip circumference, waist–hip ratio, body fat percentage, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured. The Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results: Women with higher negative emotions and those with a higher availability of food were 0.93 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.99, p = 0.03) and 0.89 (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.96, p = 0.003) times more likely to have a higher BMI, respectively. Women with increased negative emotion (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.99, p = 0.04), and lower positive activities (OR 1.15, CI 1.05–1.27, p = 0.003) were more likely to have a wider waist circumference. Conclusion: A weight-efficacy lifestyle was found to have a significant relationship with body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist–hip ratio, body fat percentage, and upper mid-arm circumference. Middle-aged women should be specifically educated regarding a weight-efficacy lifestyle.
背景:超重或肥胖的中年妇女患慢性病的风险更大。本研究旨在评估中年妇女体重效能生活方式与人体测量指标之间的关系。方法:在本研究中，从阿瓦士的10个公共卫生中心随机招募500名中年妇女。采用社会人口学问卷和体重-功效生活方式问卷收集数据。测量体重、身高、腰臀围、腰臀比、体脂率、中上臂围等人体测量指标。采用Pearson相关系数和logistic回归分析资料。结果:负面情绪较高的女性和食物可得性较高的女性的BMI值分别为0.93倍(OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99, p = 0.03)和0.89倍(OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96, p = 0.003)。负面情绪增加的女性(OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99, p = 0.04)和积极活动减少的女性(OR 1.15, CI 1.05-1.27, p = 0.003)更有可能拥有更宽的腰围。结论:体重有效型生活方式与体重指数、腰围、臀围、腰臀比、体脂率、上臂中围有显著关系。中年妇女应该接受有关有效减肥生活方式的专门教育。
{"title":"The relationship of a weight-efficacy lifestyle with anthropometric indices among middle-aged Iranian women","authors":"Mahbobeh Kianfar, P. Afshari, P. Abedi, M. Haghighizadeh","doi":"10.1080/16070658.2022.2051305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2022.2051305","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Overweight or obese middle-aged women are at a greater risk of chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between a weight-efficacy lifestyle and anthropometric indices in middle-aged women. Methods: In this study, 500 middle-aged women were recruited randomly from ten public health centres in Ahvaz. A sociodemographic questionnaire and weight-efficacy lifestyle (WEL) questionnaire were used to collect the data. Anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist and hip circumference, waist–hip ratio, body fat percentage, and mid-upper arm circumference were measured. The Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results: Women with higher negative emotions and those with a higher availability of food were 0.93 (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86–0.99, p = 0.03) and 0.89 (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.96, p = 0.003) times more likely to have a higher BMI, respectively. Women with increased negative emotion (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.99, p = 0.04), and lower positive activities (OR 1.15, CI 1.05–1.27, p = 0.003) were more likely to have a wider waist circumference. \u0000 Conclusion:\u0000 A weight-efficacy lifestyle was found to have a significant relationship with body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist–hip ratio, body fat percentage, and upper mid-arm circumference. Middle-aged women should be specifically educated regarding a weight-efficacy lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":45938,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition","volume":"36 1","pages":"33 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44504699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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