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Intestinal parasite infections among internal war refugees and inhabitants of the Ternopil region, Western Ukraine. 乌克兰西部捷尔诺波尔地区国内战争难民和居民的肠道寄生虫感染情况。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.97560
Krzysztof Korzeniewski, Mariia Shkilna, Wanesa Richert, Stepan Zaporozhan, Mariana Huk, Oksana Shevchuk, Mykhailo Korda

Background: The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine resulted in the destruction of the country's infrastructure and a decline in the standard of living for many citizens (e.g. shortages of electricity and safe drinking water, limited access to healthcare, living in unsuitable cold basements). A lot of Ukrainians living in the eastern, southern and central parts of the country were forced to flee their homes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among internal war refugees and residents of Ternopil, a city in Western Ukraine, in response to the worsening of the epidemiological situation in the country.

Materials and methods: Parasitological diagnostics was carried out in June 2023 and involved 127 adult Ukrainian citizens aged 19-80 years old, including 80 internal war refugees (most of the participants came from Donetsk, Luhansk, Dnipro, Kherson regions) and 47 residents of Ternopil region, Western Ukraine. Surveys and parasitological examination of stool samples by three different light microscopy testing methods (direct smear, decantation, flotation) were performed. The samples were then tested for the presence of Giardia intestinalis intestinal protozoa by molecular tests (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) and immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).

Results: All RT-PCR and RDT tests to detect Giardia intestinalis were found to be negative. The examination of faecal samples taken from 127 patients showed no infections with nematodes, cestodes or trematodes. The examinations only revealed infections with potentially pathogenic Blastocystis spp.: 18/80 infections in the population of internal war refugees (22.5%) and 7/47 infections among residents of the Ternopil region (14.9%). Survey results demonstrated frequent use of antibiotics and antiparasitic drugs without physician advise or prescription: 43.9% of the study participants (n = 127) were taking antibiotics, and 25.2% were taking antiparasitic drugs during the period of 3 months prior to the study.

Conclusions: An absence of intestinal parasite pathogens was detected in the studied population. The authors may explain it by the fact, that many Ukrainian patients have unlimited access to antimicrobial drugs (drugs sold without a valid prescription and taken without consultation with a physician), which could have contributed to the low incidence of intestinal parasite infections.

背景:俄罗斯联邦对乌克兰的武装侵略导致该国基础设施遭到破坏,许多公民的生活水平下降(例如,电力和安全饮用水短缺、医疗服务有限、居住在不适宜的寒冷地下室)。许多居住在该国东部、南部和中部地区的乌克兰人被迫逃离家园。本研究旨在评估乌克兰西部城市捷尔诺波尔的国内战争难民和居民的肠道寄生虫感染率,以应对该国日益恶化的流行病形势:寄生虫学诊断于 2023 年 6 月进行,涉及 127 名年龄在 19-80 岁之间的乌克兰成年公民,其中包括 80 名国内战争难民(大部分参与者来自顿涅茨克州、卢甘斯克州、第聂伯罗州和赫尔松州)和 47 名乌克兰西部捷尔诺皮尔州的居民。通过三种不同的光镜检测方法(直接涂片、倾析、浮选)对粪便样本进行了调查和寄生虫学检测。然后通过分子检测(反转录聚合酶链反应 [RT-PCR])和免疫层析快速诊断检测(RDTs)检测样本中是否存在贾第虫肠道原虫:所有检测肠贾第虫的 RT-PCR 和 RDT 检测结果均为阴性。127 名患者的粪便样本检查结果显示,没有线虫、绦虫或吸虫感染。检查只发现了可能致病的布氏囊虫感染:国内战争难民中有 18/80 例感染(22.5%),捷尔诺波尔地区居民中有 7/47 例感染(14.9%)。调查结果显示,在没有医生建议或处方的情况下,经常使用抗生素和抗寄生虫药物:43.9% 的研究参与者(n = 127)在研究前 3 个月内服用抗生素,25.2% 的研究参与者在研究前 3 个月内服用抗寄生虫药物:结论:在研究人群中未发现肠道寄生虫病原体。作者对此的解释是,许多乌克兰病人可以不受限制地获得抗菌药物(无有效处方出售的药物,也可在未咨询医生的情况下服用),这可能是肠道寄生虫感染发病率低的原因之一。
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引用次数: 0
Trends in the medical repatriation of Filipino seafarers: a ten-year study of a Philippine maritime shipping company. 菲律宾海员医疗遣返趋势:菲律宾一家海运公司的十年研究。
IF 1.6 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.96667
Margarita S Huerte, Christian Lubaton, Michael Tongson, Monique Mendoza, Raniv Rojo, Eric David B Ornos

Background: Seafarers, confronted with unique health challenges, occasionally necessitate medical repatriation. This study examines the trends in medical repatriation cases among Filipino seafarers employed by a Maritime shipping company over a 10-year period from 2013 to 2022.

Materials and methods: Medical records of seafarers a shipping company were reviewed, obtaining causes for and dates of medical repatriation. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) was utilised to classify repatriation cases. Proportion of repatriation cases were calculated and their annual trends were analysed.

Results: Our findings reveal that the majority of repatriation cases are attributed to injury/trauma (19.91%), musculoskeletal (18.40%), gastrointestinal (16.56%), cardiovascular (8.77%), infectious (6.82%), and genitourinary conditions (5.30%). Significantly, the study identifies a declining trend in the proportion of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary conditions in annual repatriation cases, particularly in ischaemic heart conditions, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and urinary calculus.

Conclusions: These results emphasize the critical need for multisectoral collaboration to enhance seafarers' health and well-being. Prioritizing comprehensive care programmes, ensuring safe working conditions, and exploring holistic healthcare initiatives are essential steps to enhance seafarers' occupational health.

背景:海员面临着独特的健康挑战,有时需要医疗遣返。本研究探讨了一家海运公司在 2013 年至 2022 年这 10 年间雇佣的菲律宾籍海员医疗遣返案例的趋势:研究人员查阅了一家航运公司海员的医疗记录,了解医疗遣返的原因和日期。采用国际疾病分类 (ICD-11) 对遣返病例进行分类。计算了遣返病例的比例,并分析了其年度趋势:结果:我们的研究结果表明,大多数遣返病例归因于受伤/创伤(19.91%)、肌肉骨骼(18.40%)、胃肠道(16.56%)、心血管(8.77%)、感染(6.82%)和泌尿生殖系统疾病(5.30%)。值得注意的是,研究发现心血管、胃肠道和泌尿生殖系统疾病在年度遣返病例中所占比例呈下降趋势,尤其是缺血性心脏病、胆石症、胆囊炎和尿路结石:这些结果强调了加强海员健康和福祉的多部门合作的极端必要性。优先考虑综合护理计划、确保安全的工作条件以及探索全面的医疗保健措施是提高海员职业健康水平的必要步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliometric and systematic literature review on safety management in the shipping industry and further development in Indonesia. 印度尼西亚航运业安全管理及其进一步发展的文献计量学和系统文献综述。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2023.0003
Dwi Yudha Rinaldy

This study aims to analyse safety management in the shipping industry and suggest further research. Safety management is a critical component in preventing accidents within the shipping industry. Unfortunately, ship accidents are relatively common. To improve safety management in the shipping industry, it is necessary to identify various problems and solutions from previous studies. This study uses comprehensive mapping, utilising bibliometric and systematic reviews, to analyse 669 articles within the Scopus database. The findings indicate an increase in the number of publications, while the number of citations is decreasing. China is identified as the most influential country in terms of publication numbers and international collaborations. Co-authorship analysis reveals that only 24 out of 1,773 authors collaborated with other authors. Based on the systematic review, this study concludes that the human factor plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of safety management. Therefore, further research focusing on support systems that can reduce human error in safety management is important. Additionally, research on the relationship between cultural and structural aspects in safety management is necessary to reduce friction between the two aspects. This research contributes to the mapping of previous research and can be used to determine the topic of further research.

本研究旨在分析航运业的安全管理,并提出进一步的研究建议。安全管理是防止航运业发生事故的关键组成部分。不幸的是,船舶事故相对常见。为了提高航运业的安全管理,有必要从以往的研究中找出各种问题和解决方案。本研究采用综合制图,利用文献计量学和系统评价,分析了Scopus数据库中的669篇文章。研究结果表明,发表论文的数量在增加,而被引用的次数却在减少。在出版物数量和国际合作方面,中国被认为是最具影响力的国家。合作作者分析显示,1773名作者中只有24人与其他作者合作。在系统评价的基础上,本文认为人为因素对安全管理的有效性起着至关重要的作用。因此,进一步研究能够减少安全管理中人为错误的支持系统是很重要的。此外,有必要研究安全管理中文化和结构方面的关系,以减少两者之间的摩擦。本研究有助于对以往研究的梳理,并可用于确定进一步研究的主题。
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引用次数: 2
MAGAZINE. 杂志。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01
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引用次数: 0
"COVID-19 on board a cruise ship: medical management" - correspondence. "游轮上的 COVID-19:医疗管理" - 通信。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.96427
Amnuay Kleebayoon, Viroj Wiwanitkit
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引用次数: 0
A SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak among crew members on a cruise ship in Germany in early 2022. 2022 年初,德国一艘游轮上的船员中爆发了 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 疫情。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.96935
Silja Bühler, Philip Busch, Philip Wittkamp, Katharina Alpers, Achim Doerre, Anita Plenge-Bönig, Janine Fornaçon, Christian Schäfers, Anne Reichstein, Birgit Grassl, Elisabeth Hewelt, Martin Dirksen-Fischer, Scarlett Kleine-Kampmann

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks on cruise ships have rarely been investigated. In early 2022, we were informed about a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on a cruise ship calling Port of Hamburg after 10 infections among crew members were detected. We conducted an outbreak investigation in collaboration between ship owners, the ship physician and Hamburg's Institute for Hygiene and Environment, to identify risk factors and to achieve containment. The aim was to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 variants in a cohort of 165 crew members.

Materials and methods: For this purpose, we collected data on age, sex, nationality, boarding-time, cabin use (single/shared), work place, and vaccination status of the study participants. Cases were defined as individuals who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive at least once in daily screenings during the outbreak period (10 days) by polymerase chain reaction or antigen test. We investigated risk factors for infection by descriptive, univariable and multivariable analysis. We performed whole genome sequencing to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Results: We verified 103 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases (attack rate [AR] 62.4%); 39/41 sequenced samples were BA.2.3 Omicron subtype, one BA.1 and one BA.1.1. Among boostered crew members, AR was 38% vs. 65% among those vaccinated once or twice. Among those who stayed < 30 days on board, AR was 31% vs. 72% among those staying on board longer. Among Europeans, the AR was 53% vs. 71% in non- -Europeans. Adjusting for age and sex, cases were more likely to have received no booster vaccine (odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-7.13), to have spent more time on board (≥ 30 days, OR: 6.36, 95% CI: 2.81-14.40 vs. < 30 days) and to have a non-European nationality (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08-4.27). The outbreak stopped shortly after offboard isolation of cases.

Conclusions: This investigation confirms the importance of a booster vaccine against COVID-19. Longer stays onboard could facilitate social mixing. Further studies could investigate the impact of social, cultural/ behavioural patterns and public health access on the infection risk. Physical distancing together with screening and isolation can contain SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on cruise ships.

背景:对游轮上爆发的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)疫情很少进行调查。2022 年初,我们在一艘停靠汉堡港的游轮上发现了 10 例船员感染 SARS-CoV-2 的病例。我们与船东、船上医生和汉堡卫生与环境研究所合作开展了疫情调查,以确定风险因素并实现控制。我们的目的是在 165 名船员中确定 SARS-CoV-2 感染的危险因素和 SARS-CoV-2 的变种:为此,我们收集了研究参与者的年龄、性别、国籍、登机时间、客舱使用情况(单人/共用)、工作地点和疫苗接种情况等数据。病例是指在疫情爆发期间(10 天),通过聚合酶链反应或抗原检测,在日常筛查中至少有一次检测出 SARS-CoV-2 阳性的人。我们通过描述性分析、单变量分析和多变量分析研究了感染的风险因素。我们进行了全基因组测序,以确定 SARS-CoV-2 的变种:我们验证了 103 例 SARS-CoV-2 阳性病例(感染率 [AR] 62.4%);39/41 个测序样本为 BA.2.3 Omicron 亚型,1 个为 BA.1,1 个为 BA.1.1。在接种过疫苗的机组人员中,发病率为 38%,而在接种过一次或两次疫苗的机组人员中,发病率为 65%。在船上停留时间小于 30 天的船员中,AR 为 31%,而在船上停留时间更长的船员中,AR 为 72%。在欧洲人中,AR 为 53%,而在非欧洲人中为 71%。根据年龄和性别进行调整后,病例更有可能没有接种过加强型疫苗(几率比 [OR]:2.66,95% 置信区间 [CI]:0.99-7.13),在船上停留的时间更长(≥ 30 天,OR:6.36,95% CI:2.81-14.40 vs. < 30 天),以及拥有非欧洲国籍(OR:2.14,95% CI:1.08-4.27)。疫情在病例离船隔离后不久就停止了:此次调查证实了接种 COVID-19 强化疫苗的重要性。在船上停留时间较长可促进社会融合。进一步的研究可以调查社会、文化/行为模式和公共卫生对感染风险的影响。保持物理距离,同时进行筛查和隔离,可以遏制 SARS-CoV-2 在游轮上的爆发。
{"title":"A SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak among crew members on a cruise ship in Germany in early 2022.","authors":"Silja Bühler, Philip Busch, Philip Wittkamp, Katharina Alpers, Achim Doerre, Anita Plenge-Bönig, Janine Fornaçon, Christian Schäfers, Anne Reichstein, Birgit Grassl, Elisabeth Hewelt, Martin Dirksen-Fischer, Scarlett Kleine-Kampmann","doi":"10.5603/imh.96935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/imh.96935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks on cruise ships have rarely been investigated. In early 2022, we were informed about a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on a cruise ship calling Port of Hamburg after 10 infections among crew members were detected. We conducted an outbreak investigation in collaboration between ship owners, the ship physician and Hamburg's Institute for Hygiene and Environment, to identify risk factors and to achieve containment. The aim was to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 variants in a cohort of 165 crew members.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For this purpose, we collected data on age, sex, nationality, boarding-time, cabin use (single/shared), work place, and vaccination status of the study participants. Cases were defined as individuals who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive at least once in daily screenings during the outbreak period (10 days) by polymerase chain reaction or antigen test. We investigated risk factors for infection by descriptive, univariable and multivariable analysis. We performed whole genome sequencing to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We verified 103 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases (attack rate [AR] 62.4%); 39/41 sequenced samples were BA.2.3 Omicron subtype, one BA.1 and one BA.1.1. Among boostered crew members, AR was 38% vs. 65% among those vaccinated once or twice. Among those who stayed < 30 days on board, AR was 31% vs. 72% among those staying on board longer. Among Europeans, the AR was 53% vs. 71% in non- -Europeans. Adjusting for age and sex, cases were more likely to have received no booster vaccine (odds ratio [OR]: 2.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-7.13), to have spent more time on board (≥ 30 days, OR: 6.36, 95% CI: 2.81-14.40 vs. < 30 days) and to have a non-European nationality (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.08-4.27). The outbreak stopped shortly after offboard isolation of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This investigation confirms the importance of a booster vaccine against COVID-19. Longer stays onboard could facilitate social mixing. Further studies could investigate the impact of social, cultural/ behavioural patterns and public health access on the infection risk. Physical distancing together with screening and isolation can contain SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on cruise ships.</p>","PeriodicalId":45964,"journal":{"name":"International Maritime Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Results of acute cerebral infarction treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 2020-2022. 2020-2022 年使用高压氧疗法治疗急性脑梗塞的结果。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.97720
Nam Bao Nguyen, Ha Hai Nguyen Thi, Hong Le Thi, Son Truong Nguyen, Tam Van Nguyen

Background: Cerebral stroke is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease, cancer and the leading cause of disability for patients. Hyperbaric oxygen is a non-drug treatment that has the potential to improve brain function for patients with ischaemic stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of acute cerebral infarction with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).

Materials and methods: This was a case-control study. One hundred ninety-five patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction, with signs of onset within 24 hours, were treated at the Centre for Underwater Medicine and Hyperbaric Oxygen of Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine during the period from January 2020 to December 2022. Study group included 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated with a combination of HBOT and medication and reference group included 95 patients treated by medication only (antiplatelets drugs, statins, control of associated risks factors) RESULTS: After 7 days of treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, sensory disturbances, and Glasgow score of the study group improved better than that of the reference group (p < 0.01). Movement recovery in the study group was better than the reference group: the percentage of patients with mild and moderate paralysis in the study group increased higher than that of the reference group (86.0% and 68.4%), the degree of complete paralysis of the study group decreased more than that of the reference group (14.0% and 31.6%). The degree of independence in daily activities in the study group was better than the reference group. In the study group, the percentage of patients with complete independence in daily life increased from 27.0% to 84.0%. In the reference group, the rate of patients who were independent in their daily activities increased from 37.9% to 51.6%. The average number of treatment days of the study group was 10.32 ± 2.41 days and it the reference group 14.51 ± 3.24 days.

Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a non-drug treatment with many good effects in the treatment of cerebral infarction, especially acute cerebral infarction. HBOT reduces and improves functional symptoms, improves mobility, and reduces treatment time for patients.

背景:脑中风是继心血管疾病和癌症之后的第三大死亡原因,也是导致患者残疾的主要原因。高压氧是一种非药物治疗方法,有可能改善缺血性中风患者的脑功能。本研究旨在评估高压氧疗法(HBOT)治疗急性脑梗塞的效果:这是一项病例对照研究。在 2020 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月期间,越南国家海洋医学研究所水下医学和高压氧中心对 195 名确诊为脑梗塞的患者进行了治疗,这些患者的发病症状在 24 小时内出现。研究组包括 100 名接受高压氧和药物联合治疗的急性脑梗塞患者,参照组包括 95 名仅接受药物治疗(抗血小板药物、他汀类药物、控制相关危险因素)的患者 结果:接受高压氧(HBO)治疗 7 天后,研究组患者的头痛、头晕、恶心、感觉障碍等症状和格拉斯哥评分改善情况优于参照组(P < 0.01)。研究组患者的运动恢复情况优于参照组:研究组轻度和中度瘫痪患者的比例增幅高于参照组(86.0% 和 68.4%),研究组完全瘫痪程度的降幅高于参照组(14.0% 和 31.6%)。研究组患者在日常活动中的独立程度优于参照组。在研究组中,日常生活完全独立的患者比例从 27.0% 增加到 84.0%。在参照组中,日常生活独立的患者比例从 37.9% 增加到 51.6%。研究组的平均治疗天数为(10.32 ± 2.41)天,参照组为(14.51 ± 3.24)天:结论:高压氧治疗是一种非药物治疗方法,在治疗脑梗塞,尤其是急性脑梗塞方面有许多良好的效果。高压氧治疗可减轻和改善患者的功能性症状,提高活动能力,缩短治疗时间。
{"title":"Results of acute cerebral infarction treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 2020-2022.","authors":"Nam Bao Nguyen, Ha Hai Nguyen Thi, Hong Le Thi, Son Truong Nguyen, Tam Van Nguyen","doi":"10.5603/imh.97720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/imh.97720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral stroke is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease, cancer and the leading cause of disability for patients. Hyperbaric oxygen is a non-drug treatment that has the potential to improve brain function for patients with ischaemic stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of acute cerebral infarction with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a case-control study. One hundred ninety-five patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction, with signs of onset within 24 hours, were treated at the Centre for Underwater Medicine and Hyperbaric Oxygen of Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine during the period from January 2020 to December 2022. Study group included 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated with a combination of HBOT and medication and reference group included 95 patients treated by medication only (antiplatelets drugs, statins, control of associated risks factors) RESULTS: After 7 days of treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, sensory disturbances, and Glasgow score of the study group improved better than that of the reference group (p < 0.01). Movement recovery in the study group was better than the reference group: the percentage of patients with mild and moderate paralysis in the study group increased higher than that of the reference group (86.0% and 68.4%), the degree of complete paralysis of the study group decreased more than that of the reference group (14.0% and 31.6%). The degree of independence in daily activities in the study group was better than the reference group. In the study group, the percentage of patients with complete independence in daily life increased from 27.0% to 84.0%. In the reference group, the rate of patients who were independent in their daily activities increased from 37.9% to 51.6%. The average number of treatment days of the study group was 10.32 ± 2.41 days and it the reference group 14.51 ± 3.24 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a non-drug treatment with many good effects in the treatment of cerebral infarction, especially acute cerebral infarction. HBOT reduces and improves functional symptoms, improves mobility, and reduces treatment time for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":45964,"journal":{"name":"International Maritime Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intestinal parasitic infections in officers of the Border Guard in East Poland. 波兰东部边防部队官员肠道寄生虫感染。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.97185
Krzysztof Korzeniewski, Wanesa Richert

Background: Poland has experienced increased economic migration since 2021. Large waves of migrants, mostly from Asian and African countries, are trying to get into the European Union by crossing Poland's eastern border illegally. The influx of illegal migrants into Poland is the result of a policy adopted by the Belarusian and Russian regimes that are trying to provoke another migrant crisis in Europe. In the opinion of some Polish politicians illegal migration contributes to the spread of parasitic diseases in our country as many migrants arriving into Poland carry intestinal parasites. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of infections with intestinal parasites in the Polish Border Guard officers safeguarding Poland's eastern borders.

Materials and methods: Parasitological diagnostics was carried out between April and May 2023. The study involved 218 Polish Border Guard officers from the Podlaski Border Guard Unit (PBGU) and 209 officers from the Bug Border Guard Unit (BBGU), whose task is to patrol and safeguard Poland's border with Ukraine and Belarus. Faecal examinations were performed using three different light microscopy testing methods (direct smear, decantation, flotation) at the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine at the Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.

Results: Considered to be potentially pathogenic intestinal parasites were diagnosed in 20 out of 218 officers serving in the PBGU (8.7% infected with Blastocystis spp., 0.5% with Dientamoeba fragilis) and in 9 out of 209 officers serving in the BBGU (3.8% infected with Blastocystis spp., 0.5% with Dientamoeba fragilis). There were no infections with nematodes, cestodes or trematodes in the study participants. No correlation was found between a parasitic infection and the presence of diarrhoea or other gastrointestinal symptoms within 6 months prior to the study in both groups.

Conclusions: Although Polish Border Guard officers deployed to the eastern border are exposed to difficult environmental conditions and have frequent contacts (either directly or indirectly) with migrants arriving from countries which report high incidence of parasitic infections, the rates of infections with potentially pathogenic protozoa in officers from the PBGU and BBGU are low and mainly attributable to pathogens which are widespread in the general Polish population. Low rates of parasitic infections in officers serving in the border zone suggest that the epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases in East Poland is satisfactory and that the disease prevention strategies (including the use of personal protection gear) implemented by the Polish medical services are effective.

背景:自2021年以来,波兰经历了越来越多的经济移民。大批移民,主要来自亚洲和非洲国家,正试图通过非法穿越波兰东部边境进入欧盟。非法移民涌入波兰是白俄罗斯和俄罗斯政权采取的政策的结果,这些政权正试图在欧洲引发另一场移民危机。在一些波兰政客看来,非法移民助长了寄生虫病在我国的传播,因为许多抵达波兰的移民携带肠道寄生虫。这项研究的目的是评估保卫波兰东部边境的波兰边防部队官员感染肠道寄生虫的流行率。材料和方法:在2023年4月至5月期间进行了寄生虫学诊断。这项研究涉及波德拉斯基边防部队(PBGU)的218名波兰边防军军官和Bug边防部队(BBGU)209名军官,他们的任务是巡逻和保卫波兰与乌克兰和白俄罗斯的边境。在华沙军事医学研究所-国家研究所流行病学和热带医学系,使用三种不同的光学显微镜检测方法(直接涂片、滗析、漂浮)进行粪便检查,波兰。结果:在PBGU服役的218名军官中,有20人被诊断为潜在致病性肠道寄生虫(8.7%感染芽囊原虫属,0.5%感染脆弱Dientamoeba),在BBGU服务的209名军官中有9人被诊断出潜在致病性肠寄生虫(3.8%感染芽囊线虫属,0.5%患脆弱Dientamoeba)。研究参与者中没有感染线虫、线虫或吸虫。两组患者在研究前6个月内均未发现寄生虫感染与腹泻或其他胃肠道症状之间的相关性。结论:尽管部署在东部边境的波兰边防卫队官员暴露在恶劣的环境条件下,并经常(直接或间接)与来自寄生虫感染高发国家的移民接触,PBGU和BBGU的官员感染潜在致病性原生动物的比率较低,主要归因于在波兰普通人群中广泛存在的病原体。在边境地区服役的军官的寄生虫感染率较低,这表明波兰东部的寄生虫病流行病学状况令人满意,波兰医疗部门实施的疾病预防战略(包括使用个人防护装备)是有效的。
{"title":"Intestinal parasitic infections in officers of the Border Guard in East Poland.","authors":"Krzysztof Korzeniewski, Wanesa Richert","doi":"10.5603/imh.97185","DOIUrl":"10.5603/imh.97185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poland has experienced increased economic migration since 2021. Large waves of migrants, mostly from Asian and African countries, are trying to get into the European Union by crossing Poland's eastern border illegally. The influx of illegal migrants into Poland is the result of a policy adopted by the Belarusian and Russian regimes that are trying to provoke another migrant crisis in Europe. In the opinion of some Polish politicians illegal migration contributes to the spread of parasitic diseases in our country as many migrants arriving into Poland carry intestinal parasites. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of infections with intestinal parasites in the Polish Border Guard officers safeguarding Poland's eastern borders.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Parasitological diagnostics was carried out between April and May 2023. The study involved 218 Polish Border Guard officers from the Podlaski Border Guard Unit (PBGU) and 209 officers from the Bug Border Guard Unit (BBGU), whose task is to patrol and safeguard Poland's border with Ukraine and Belarus. Faecal examinations were performed using three different light microscopy testing methods (direct smear, decantation, flotation) at the Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine at the Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considered to be potentially pathogenic intestinal parasites were diagnosed in 20 out of 218 officers serving in the PBGU (8.7% infected with Blastocystis spp., 0.5% with Dientamoeba fragilis) and in 9 out of 209 officers serving in the BBGU (3.8% infected with Blastocystis spp., 0.5% with Dientamoeba fragilis). There were no infections with nematodes, cestodes or trematodes in the study participants. No correlation was found between a parasitic infection and the presence of diarrhoea or other gastrointestinal symptoms within 6 months prior to the study in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although Polish Border Guard officers deployed to the eastern border are exposed to difficult environmental conditions and have frequent contacts (either directly or indirectly) with migrants arriving from countries which report high incidence of parasitic infections, the rates of infections with potentially pathogenic protozoa in officers from the PBGU and BBGU are low and mainly attributable to pathogens which are widespread in the general Polish population. Low rates of parasitic infections in officers serving in the border zone suggest that the epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases in East Poland is satisfactory and that the disease prevention strategies (including the use of personal protection gear) implemented by the Polish medical services are effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":45964,"journal":{"name":"International Maritime Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41153434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scuba diving and the stress response: considerations and recommendations for professional and recreational divers. 水肺潜水和压力反应:对专业和娱乐潜水员的考虑和建议。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/imh.91707
Christopher R Kovacs

Scuba diving is an activity that people engage in both for recreational purposes as well as having professional, commercial, and military applications. Scuba diving has often been considered a high-risk activity but, overall, scuba diving has been shown to be a safe activity when divers participate within their experiential, physical, and psychological limits. However, increased physical and psychological stress can quickly arise during diving activities due to unexpected events and situations and may lead to the onset of panic in an unprepared diver. Dive safety is dependent on the ability of a diver to understand the primary signs of stress and panic and attempt to minimise their potential impacts on the immediate situation. The purpose of this review is to examine the stress response in divers, illustrate the role that panic plays in potential diving accidents and fatalities, and provide recommendations to both help understand and manage stress and panic in the diving community in an effort to further increase the overall safety of scuba diving across all applications.

水肺潜水是人们从事的一项活动,既有娱乐目的,也有专业、商业和军事应用。水肺潜水通常被认为是一项高风险活动,但总的来说,当潜水员在经验、身体和心理极限范围内参与时,水肺潜水已被证明是一项安全的活动。然而,在潜水活动中,由于意外事件和情况,身体和心理压力会迅速增加,并可能导致毫无准备的潜水员出现恐慌。潜水安全取决于潜水员理解压力和恐慌的主要迹象,并试图将其对当前情况的潜在影响降至最低的能力。本综述的目的是研究潜水员的压力反应,说明恐慌在潜在的潜水事故和死亡中所起的作用,并提供建议,以帮助理解和管理潜水社区的压力和恐慌,从而进一步提高水肺潜水在所有应用中的整体安全性。
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引用次数: 0
Haematological changes in COVID-19: correspondence. COVID-19的血液学变化:对应关系。
IF 2.2 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2023.0010
Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially. We would like to share ideas on the publication “Haematological changes in sailors who had COVID-19” [1]. Ignatyev et al. [1] set out to investigate how frequently sailors with an acute coronavirus infection experienced haematopoietic alterations. Relative or absolute leukopenia is the most frequent laboratory change in the white blood cell (WBC) count in patients with the prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), according to Ignatyev et al. [1]. According to Ignatyev et al. [1], persistent changes in WBC count should be evaluated by a complex of typical alterations because they are not necessarily beyond the reference range for absolute values. Ignatyev et al. [1] came to the conclusion that a patient with a history of COVID-19 warrants a thorough investigation for the post-COVID-19 syndrome if there are any typical alterations in WBC count. We both believe that a thorough examination into the causes of the haematological anomalies is necessary. The COVID-19 may or may not have anything to do with the observed change in the current report. There could be conflicting problems. To begin with, it’s important to rule out any concomitant infections. As an illustration, dengue is a potential co-infection that may have an impact on the haematological parameter [2]. Second, underlying haematological conditions may potentially have an impact. It is important to rule out a variety of nutritional issues such iron and folate deficient illnesses as well as hereditary diseases like haemoglobinopathies.
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International Maritime Health
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