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Beyond the IT Artifact - Studying the Underrepresentation of Black Men and Women in IT 超越IT工件-研究黑人男性和女性在IT中的代表性不足
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1954315
C. Cain
In the Information Technology (IT) and Information Systems (IS) communities, much of the workforce development research focuses on the IT artifact’s role. However, another crucial lens for addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion focuses on the people who make the IT artifact. According to the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), in the overall private industry in 2014, the high-tech sector recruited a considerable number of Whites (68.5% in tech vs. 63.5% in the private sector) but it recruited a smaller number of Blacks (7.4% in tech vs. 14.4% in the private sector) (EEOC, 2014). The high-tech sector has become a significant resource of financial growth, fueling the US economy and other top economies worldwide. This industry has impacted how we interact with and access information, disperse products or services and address critical societal problems. Because this market is the resource of a rising variety of tasks, the EEOC and its stakeholders must understand the emerging trends in this sector. Ensuring an adequate supply of workers with the proper skills and credentials and attending to the absence of diversity amongst high-tech employees has become a public policy concern (EEOC, 2014). Jobs in computer science and engineering fields are expanding at two times the nationwide average (Richards & Terkanian, 2013). These jobs often provide greater pay and have been more resilient to financial recessions than various other economic sector industries over the past decade. Also, jobs in the advanced sector have a solid potential for growth. This work is necessary to firms in all industries that require workers with innovation abilities. Employment trends in the high-tech industry are, as a result, essential to the national economy and work expectations. These industries and what classifies as “high-tech” are swiftly developing. There is no solitary high-tech industry; rather; new technology has transformed sectors beyond IT and telecoms to products and features of numerous occupations.
在信息技术(IT)和信息系统(IS)社区中,许多劳动力发展研究集中在IT工件的角色上。然而,解决多样性、公平性和包容性的另一个关键视角关注的是制造IT工件的人。根据美国平等就业机会委员会(EEOC)的数据,2014年,在整个私营行业中,高科技部门招聘了相当数量的白人(科技部门为68.5%,私营部门为63.5%),但招聘了较少数量的黑人(科技部门为7.4%,私营部门为14.4%)(EEOC, 2014)。高科技行业已成为金融增长的重要来源,为美国经济和全球其他主要经济体提供了动力。这个行业已经影响了我们如何与信息互动和获取信息,分散产品或服务以及解决关键的社会问题。由于该市场的任务种类越来越多,因此EEOC及其利益相关者必须了解该领域的新趋势。确保拥有适当技能和证书的工人的充足供应,并关注高科技员工中缺乏多样性的问题,已成为公共政策关注的问题(EEOC, 2014)。计算机科学和工程领域的工作岗位增长速度是全国平均水平的两倍(Richards & Terkanian, 2013)。在过去十年中,这些工作通常提供更高的薪酬,并且比其他经济部门更能抵御金融衰退。此外,发达国家的就业机会具有坚实的增长潜力。这项工作对于所有需要具有创新能力的员工的行业的公司都是必要的。因此,高科技产业的就业趋势对国民经济和就业预期至关重要。这些行业以及被归类为“高科技”的行业正在迅速发展。没有单独的高科技产业;而;新技术已经改变了IT和电信以外的行业,改变了许多职业的产品和特征。
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引用次数: 1
Digital Twin and Medical Devices: Technological Significance of Convergent Inventions 数字孪生与医疗器械:融合发明的技术意义
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1914498
Mateusz Gliszczyński, Mariola Ciszewska-Mlinarič
ABSTRACT Technological change may impose turmoil on established markets and industries. Digital technology convergence processes are a subject of uncertainty from the industry and business perspective. Using the absorptive capacity as a facilitator of technological innovation capacity, the study aims to shed new light on the understanding of digital and medical technologies’ convergence. In this study, Medical Devices (MD) and Digital Twin (DT) – a virtual representation of physical objects – are used to illustrate technological significance of convergent MD-DT inventions. The study aims to analyze whether invention convergence is a valid predictor of technological significance as well as whether this relationship is moderated by the mode of invention development, i.e. collaboration (multiple applicants) vs non-collaboration (single applicant) pattern. This research is based on a statistical analysis of output-based measures – more than 44.5 thousand patent data records acquired from four patent offices (USPTO in USA, EPO in Europe, JPO in Japan and CNIPA in China). Quantitative patent data analysis reveals that the blend of MD–DT technologies is remarkably more technologically significant compared to non-convergent inventions. Overall results of the research suggest possible future directions for information technology arena.
技术变革可能给成熟的市场和行业带来动荡。从行业和商业的角度来看,数字技术融合过程是一个不确定的主题。利用吸收能力作为技术创新能力的推动者,本研究旨在为理解数字技术与医疗技术的融合提供新的思路。在本研究中,医疗器械(MD)和数字孪生(DT) -物理对象的虚拟表示-被用来说明融合MD-DT发明的技术意义。本研究旨在分析发明融合是否为技术重要性的有效预测因子,以及这种关系是否受到发明发展模式(即合作(多申请人)与非合作(单一申请人)模式的调节。这项研究基于对基于产出的措施的统计分析——从四个专利局(美国的USPTO、欧洲的EPO、日本的JPO和中国的CNIPA)获得的超过4.45万项专利数据记录。定量专利数据分析表明,与非融合发明相比,MD-DT技术的融合在技术上具有更大的意义。研究的总体结果提示了信息技术领域未来可能的发展方向。
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引用次数: 2
Interview with Jim Astbury, IT Manager of Infinity Global 专访Infinity Global IT经理Jim Astbury
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1914501
Sergey Samoilenko
In this issue of the Journal we offer to our readers an interview with Jim Astbury, the IT Manager for Infinity Global, headquartered in Danville, VA, USA. Infinity Global is the premier provider o...
在本期《华尔街日报》中,我们向读者提供了对总部位于美国弗吉尼亚州丹维尔的Infinity Global的IT经理吉姆·阿斯特伯里的采访。英飞尼迪全球是…
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引用次数: 0
Sandworm: A New Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin’s Most Dangerous Hackers 《沙虫:网络战争的新时代和对克里姆林宫最危险黑客的追捕
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1914503
Virginia Franke Kleist
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引用次数: 1
Effectiveness of Top-Tier Information Technology Software Service Companies: A Multi-Component Perspective 顶级信息技术软件服务公司的有效性:多组件视角
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1914496
S. Goyal, A. N. Sah, Jolly Puri
ABSTRACT Information Technology (IT) firms are structured internally into various components to provide customized services to their customers. Owing to the significance of internal structure, the objective of the paper is to study quarterly efficiency of five IT software companies (Infosys, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Wipro, Cognizant and Accenture) based on components like FSI (Banking, Financial, Securities, and Insurance), MFG (Manufacturing), RCL (Retail, Consumer Packaged Goods, and Logistics), ERU (Energy, Utilities and Resources), CME (Communication, Media, and Entertainment) and LSH (Life Sciences and Health Care Services) using multi-component data envelopment analysis. Results obtained establish that Infosys is the most efficient company followed by Cognizant and Accenture while TCS and Wipro are inefficient in some of the components. Empirical results show that the companies performed efficiently in FSI, RCL and CME components whereas ERU, LSH and MFG components require improvement. Further, the geography-wise efficiency trends indicate that the selected companies are more efficient in the rest of the world as compared to the European and North American regions. These findings will help IT firms in identifying their inefficient components and provide guidance in formulating strategies for improvements. Moreover, other domestic and foreign firms may also learn from the findings of the study.
信息技术(IT)公司的内部结构为各种组件,以提供定制的服务给他们的客户。由于内部结构的重要性,本文的目的是研究五家IT软件公司(印孚瑟斯,塔塔咨询服务(TCS), Wipro, Cognizant和埃森哲)的季度效率,基于FSI(银行,金融,证券和保险),MFG(制造),RCL(零售,包装消费品和物流),ERU(能源,公用事业和资源),CME(通信,媒体,和LSH(生命科学和医疗保健服务)使用多组件数据包络分析。获得的结果表明,Infosys是效率最高的公司,其次是Cognizant和埃森哲,而TCS和Wipro在某些组件上效率较低。实证结果表明,企业在FSI、RCL和CME组件上表现良好,而在ERU、LSH和MFG组件上则有待改进。此外,按地域划分的效率趋势表明,与欧洲和北美地区相比,所选公司在世界其他地区的效率更高。这些发现将有助于IT公司识别其低效组件,并为制定改进策略提供指导。此外,其他国内和外国公司也可以从研究结果中学习。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Remote Work in the Era of COVID-19 新冠肺炎时代远程办公研究
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1914500
Tim Jacks
Greetings from your new Senior Editor! My new role entails working closely with the Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Prashant Palvia, to solicit quality submissions, screen submissions for appropriateness to JGITM’s mission, and then shepherding submissions through our team of Reviewers and Associate Editors with the ultimate goal of seeing the best submissions get published. The journal’s impact factor improvement adjustment in 2019 from .923 to 1.571 is a testament to this journal’s commitment to excellence. Often, my role is simply liaising with authors to let them know the status of their submission. As a researcher myself, I understand that this can be a nerve-wracking process and I attempt to approach it with the same sensitivity that I would want for myself. What is less visible is the editorial staff’s communications with our publisher, Taylor & Francis, to manage the online submission process and the publication process on the backend. This has been a fascinating learning opportunity for me to see the inner workings of exactly how an academic journal functions. I am enthusiastic about continuing JGITM’s mission of publishing high quality research related to all aspects of the application of information technology for international business. It aligns very well with my own background of 18+ years of industry experience in global IT management. One of the more exciting aspects of my new role is getting a hand in steering the direction of the discussion and emerging topics. There is no question that the current emerging topic in IS research is COVID-related, especially with regard to remote work (also known as work-at-home, telework, virtual work, and telecommuting). The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the face of global IT forever and “remote work” is now simply “work”. This has quickly become a cultural norm around the world due to the extensive use of information technologies including cloud computing, video conferencing, collaboration platforms, and broadband Internet. We have reached a tipping point for remote work as more and more CIOs have been forced by circumstances to overhaul their IT infrastructure to enable their employees to be productive remotely (Watson, Ives, & Piccoli, 2020). The pandemic has introduced new areas of IS research such as the use of contact tracing apps, COVID-19 infection dashboards, digital technologies to prevent the next pandemic, e-learning, and, of course, remote work (Recker, 2020). But the dire nature of the pandemic cannot be understated. As of this writing, there have been over 2.6 million reported deaths worldwide due to COVID-19 (see https://coronavirus.jhu. edu). And if not for the option of working remotely, this number would be astronomically higher.
来自你的新高级编辑的问候!我的新角色需要与主编Prashant Palvia博士密切合作,征求高质量的投稿,筛选符合JGITM使命的投稿,然后通过我们的审稿人和副编辑团队指导投稿,最终目标是看到最好的投稿被发表。该期刊在2019年的影响因子从0.923调整到1.571,证明了该期刊对卓越的承诺。通常,我的角色只是与作者联络,让他们知道他们提交的状态。作为一名研究人员,我明白这可能是一个伤脑筋的过程,我试图以同样的敏感性来处理它,我希望自己。不太明显的是编辑人员与出版商Taylor & Francis的沟通,以管理在线提交过程和后端发布过程。这对我来说是一个很好的学习机会,可以看到学术期刊是如何运作的。我热衷于继续JGITM的使命,即出版与国际商务中信息技术应用的各个方面有关的高质量研究。这与我本人18年以上的全球It管理行业经验非常吻合。在我的新角色中,更令人兴奋的方面之一是可以参与指导讨论和新兴主题的方向。毫无疑问,当前is研究的新兴主题与新冠病毒有关,特别是在远程工作(也称为在家工作、远程工作、虚拟工作和远程办公)方面。2019冠状病毒病大流行已经永远改变了全球IT的面貌,“远程工作”现在只是“工作”。由于云计算、视频会议、协作平台和宽带互联网等信息技术的广泛使用,这已经迅速成为世界各地的一种文化规范。我们已经达到了远程工作的临界点,因为越来越多的首席信息官被迫彻底改革他们的IT基础设施,以使他们的员工能够远程工作(Watson, Ives, & Piccoli, 2020)。大流行引入了新的信息系统研究领域,如使用接触者追踪应用程序、COVID-19感染仪表板、预防下一次大流行的数字技术、电子学习,当然还有远程工作(Recker, 2020年)。但不能低估这一流行病的可怕性质。截至撰写本文时,全球已报告有260多万人死于COVID-19(见https://coronavirus.jhu)。edu)。如果没有远程工作的选项,这个数字会高得惊人。
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引用次数: 9
Firm-Sponsored Developers in OpenSource SoftwareProjects 开源软件项目中由公司赞助的开发者
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1097198x.2021.1871272
Roberto Vinaja
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引用次数: 0
ICT Capabilities and the Cost of Starting Businesses in Sub-Saharan African Economies: A Data Analytic Exploration 撒哈拉以南非洲经济体的信息通信技术能力和创业成本:数据分析探索
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1097198x.2020.1866897
Sergey Samoilenko, Kweku-Muata A. Osei-Bryson
ABSTRACT Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are considered to be one of the reliable drivers of economic well-being of any economy. However, in the context of the poorest countries in the world- those of Sub-Saharan Economies, formal SMEs contribute less than 20% to the macroeconomic bottom line (the number is around 60% for high-income countries). Part of the reason is the presence of a large informal sector of SMEs, where the Cost of Business Start-Up Procedures (CBSP) serves as one of the barriers to legitimization of SMEs. In this investigation, we use the framework of Networked Readiness Index (NRI) to investigate whether (1) ICT Capabilities impact CBSP, and (2) the value of CBSP is associated with the socio-economic impact of ICT Capabilities. We use a five-step methodology utilizing Cluster Analysis, Decision Trees Induction, Data Envelopment Analysis, Association Rules Mining, and Ordinary Least Squares regression to conduct the inquiry in the context of 26 SSA economies. The results of the data analysis indicate that (1) certain ICT Capabilities are associated with the low levels of CBSP, and (2) low levels of CBSP are associated with the presence of socio-economic impact.
中小企业(SMEs)被认为是任何经济体经济福祉的可靠驱动力之一。然而,在世界上最贫穷的国家-撒哈拉以南经济体的背景下,正规中小企业对宏观经济底线的贡献不到20%(高收入国家的这一数字约为60%)。部分原因是存在大量的中小企业非正规部门,其中开办企业程序的成本(CBSP)是中小企业合法化的障碍之一。在这项调查中,我们使用网络准备指数(NRI)框架来调查(1)ICT能力是否影响CBSP,以及(2)CBSP的价值是否与ICT能力的社会经济影响相关。我们使用五步方法,利用聚类分析、决策树归纳、数据包络分析、关联规则挖掘和普通最小二乘回归,在26个SSA经济体的背景下进行调查。数据分析结果表明:(1)某些ICT能力与低水平的CBSP有关,(2)低水平的CBSP与社会经济影响的存在有关。
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引用次数: 2
CIO Interview with Vince Dobilas 首席信息官采访Vince Dobilas
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2021.1871274
Virginia Franke Kleist
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引用次数: 0
Mobile Phone-based Information Systems for Empowerment: Opportunities for Ready-made Garment Industries 基于手机的赋权信息系统:成衣服装业的机遇
IF 2 4区 管理学 Q1 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1097198X.2020.1866896
T. Ahad, P. Busch, Yvette Blount, W. Picoto
ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to present a Mobile information System (MbIS) framework for Bangladeshi ready-made garments (RMG), as there is growing concern RMG owners and workers require empowerment using technology. Our study employed a qualitative research methodology based on interviews with RMG owners, workers, non-government organizations (NGOs) and IT experts. The interview data suggested MbIS has the potential to empower RMG owners/workers. MbIS-enabled empowerment suggests access to information, competency, impact; self-determination and meaning are empowerment components for RMG workers. Improved communication, the opportunity to access employee regulations, access to health and safety information, increased confidence with regard to ability and professional development opportunities are potential empowerment outcomes of using MbIS. This is one of the few papers examining MbIS comprehensively for worker empowerment, as most literature approaches the matter from the consumer standpoint, not in an organizational setting. The study contributes by providing practical knowledge to the RMG, government, and development organizationsin empowerment processes, components and empowerment outcomes using MbIS for RMG owners/employees. Other garment-producing developing countries may also gain insight into how to empower RMG workers using MbIS.
本研究的目的是为孟加拉国成衣(RMG)提供一个移动信息系统(MbIS)框架,因为人们越来越关注RMG所有者和工人需要使用技术授权。我们的研究采用了一种定性研究方法,基于对RMG所有者、工人、非政府组织(ngo)和IT专家的访谈。访谈数据表明,MbIS有潜力赋予RMG所有者/工人权力。mbi支持的授权意味着获得信息、能力、影响;自决和意义是RMG工作者的授权组件。改善沟通、有机会了解员工法规、获得健康和安全信息、增强对能力和专业发展机会的信心,这些都是使用MbIS的潜在赋权结果。这是少数几篇全面研究MbIS对工人赋权的论文之一,因为大多数文献是从消费者的角度出发,而不是从组织的角度出发。该研究通过为RMG所有者/员工使用MbIS授权过程、组件和授权结果,为RMG、政府和开发组织提供实用知识。其他服装生产发展中国家也可以深入了解如何使用MbIS赋予成衣工人权力。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Journal of Global Information Technology Management
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