Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15628474680691
Y. Chzhen, Zlata Bruckauf
{"title":"Household income and sticky floors in children’s cognitive development: Evidence from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study","authors":"Y. Chzhen, Zlata Bruckauf","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15628474680691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15628474680691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1332/175795919X15628474680691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43718644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15628474680682
K. Sindall, Patrick Sturgis, F. Steele, G. Leckie, R. French
Recent social and educational policy debate in the UK has been strongly influenced by studies which have found children’s cognitive developmental trajectories to be significantly affected by the socio-economic status of the households into which they were born. Most notably, using data from the 1970 British cohort study, Feinstein (2003) concluded that children from less advantaged backgrounds who scored high on cognitive tests at 22 months had been overtaken at age 5 by children from more advantaged origins, who had scored lower on the baseline test. However, questions have been raised about the methodological robustness of these studies, particularly the possibility that their key findings are, at least in part, an artefact of regression to the mean. In this paper we apply and assess the Growth Mixture Model (GMM) as an alternative approach for identifying and explaining cognitive developmental trajectories in children. We fit GMMs to simulated data and to data from the Millennium Cohort Study to assess the suitability of GMMs for studying socio-economic gradients in developmental trajectories. Our results show that GMMs are able to recover the data generating mechanism using simulated data, where the conventional approach is subject to regression to the mean. Substantively, our MCS findings provide no support for the contention that more initially able children from disadvantaged backgrounds are ‘over-taken’ in cognitive development by less initially able children from more affluent backgrounds. We do, however, find that cognitive developmental trajectories are related to socio-economic status, such that initial class-based inequalities increase over time.
{"title":"A reassessment of socio-economic gradients in child cognitive development using growth mixture models","authors":"K. Sindall, Patrick Sturgis, F. Steele, G. Leckie, R. French","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15628474680682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15628474680682","url":null,"abstract":"Recent social and educational policy debate in the UK has been strongly influenced by studies which have found children’s cognitive developmental trajectories to be significantly affected by the socio-economic status of the households into which they were born. Most notably, using data from the 1970 British cohort study, Feinstein (2003) concluded that children from less advantaged backgrounds who scored high on cognitive tests at 22 months had been overtaken at age 5 by children from more advantaged origins, who had scored lower on the baseline test. However, questions have been raised about the methodological robustness of these studies, particularly the possibility that their key findings are, at least in part, an artefact of regression to the mean. In this paper we apply and assess the Growth Mixture Model (GMM) as an alternative approach for identifying and explaining cognitive developmental trajectories in children. We fit GMMs to simulated data and to data from the Millennium Cohort Study to assess the suitability of GMMs for studying socio-economic gradients in developmental trajectories. Our results show that GMMs are able to recover the data generating mechanism using simulated data, where the conventional approach is subject to regression to the mean. Substantively, our MCS findings provide no support for the contention that more initially able children from disadvantaged backgrounds are ‘over-taken’ in cognitive development by less initially able children from more affluent backgrounds. We do, however, find that cognitive developmental trajectories are related to socio-economic status, such that initial class-based inequalities increase over time.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15628474680754
J. Elliott
{"title":"What is Qualitative Longitudinal Research","authors":"J. Elliott","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15628474680754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15628474680754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1332/175795919X15628474680754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41267439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15628474680673
H. Joshi
a selection of addressed in longitudinal research: learning verbal skills in childhood, losing visual capacity in later life, the timing of marriage, motherhood and employment in early to mid-adulthood, and the experience of second-generation immigrants. The geographical settings range from the UK, US, Germany, Chile and Switzerland respectively, and each provides insights from a different methodological perspective.
{"title":"A medley of methods","authors":"H. Joshi","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15628474680673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15628474680673","url":null,"abstract":"a selection of addressed in longitudinal research: learning verbal skills in childhood, losing visual capacity in later life, the timing of marriage, motherhood and employment in early to mid-adulthood, and the experience of second-generation immigrants. The geographical settings range from the UK, US, Germany, Chile and Switzerland respectively, and each provides insights from a different methodological perspective.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41706362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15514456677349
I. Schoon, J. Bynner
This paper reviews evidence on young people in Europe and the US making the transition from school-to-work before and after the 2008 Great Recession. Taking a macro-level perspective, similarities and differences in education and employment experiences across different European countries are described, considering the role of different institutional support systems in ‘scaffolding’ young people’s transitions to independence. It is argued that the 2008 financial crisis brought with it reduced employment opportunities for young people and accelerated pre-existing trends towards prolonged education participation and precarious employment. There are, however, considerable variations across different countries, highlighting the role of social institutions in supporting young people during the school-to-work transition. Transition systems that created bridges between education and employment are associated with lower national levels of youth unemployment, while young people coming of age in less-protective transition regimes suffered highest levels of youth unemployment, high levels of temporary employment and not being in education, employment or training (NEET).
{"title":"Young people and the Great Recession: Variations in the school-to-work transition in Europe and the United States","authors":"I. Schoon, J. Bynner","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15514456677349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15514456677349","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews evidence on young people in Europe and the US making the transition \u0000from school-to-work before and after the 2008 Great Recession. Taking a macro-level \u0000perspective, similarities and differences in education and employment experiences across \u0000different European countries are described, considering the role of different institutional \u0000support systems in ‘scaffolding’ young people’s transitions to independence. It is argued \u0000that the 2008 financial crisis brought with it reduced employment opportunities for young \u0000people and accelerated pre-existing trends towards prolonged education participation \u0000and precarious employment. There are, however, considerable variations across different \u0000countries, highlighting the role of social institutions in supporting young people during \u0000the school-to-work transition. Transition systems that created bridges between education \u0000and employment are associated with lower national levels of youth unemployment, while \u0000young people coming of age in less-protective transition regimes suffered highest levels of \u0000youth unemployment, high levels of temporary employment and not being in education, \u0000employment or training (NEET).","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1332/175795919X15514456677349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15514456677312
Jon D. Miller
{"title":"GUEST EDITORIAL: The impact of the Great Recession on younger workers","authors":"Jon D. Miller","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15514456677312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15514456677312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45698918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-30DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15514456677286
P. Blossfeld
{"title":"Labour market entry and early career mobility shortly before, during and after the Great Recession in Germany","authors":"P. Blossfeld","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15514456677286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15514456677286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1332/175795919X15514456677286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-11DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15514456677295
Morag Henderson
Despite an increase in living standards and material comforts in industrialised societies, today’s ‘emerging adults’ (aged from late teens to mid-to-late 20s) face greater challenges than ever before. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between labour market status and mental health for the ‘millennial generation’ in England, and whether it varies by gender and ethnicity. This study will be the first to draw on the results from the 2015 sweep of Next Steps data when the sample members are aged 25 and, together with the previous seven sweeps, bring the debate up to date by providing first estimates of the life condition of contemporary emerging adults. We find black and minority ethnic groups have lower odds of reporting mental ill-health at age 25 than the white group. With respect to labour market status, we find that net of socio-economic characteristics, educational attainment, behavioural variables and income at age 25, those who are unemployed are more than twice as likely to report symptoms of poor mental health as those who are employed. Shift workers and those on zero-hours contracts are also at a greater risk of mental ill-health by 47% and 44% respectively than those who are not shift workers or zero-hours workers. We find no significant difference for those who have a second job or are on a permanent contract for mental health at age 25 compared to those who do not have a second job or are on a temporary contract.
{"title":"The quarter-life crisis? Precarious labour market status and mental health among 25-year-olds in England","authors":"Morag Henderson","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15514456677295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15514456677295","url":null,"abstract":"Despite an increase in living standards and material comforts in industrialised societies, today’s ‘emerging adults’ (aged from late teens to mid-to-late 20s) face greater challenges than ever before. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between labour market status and mental health for the ‘millennial generation’ in England, and whether it varies by gender and ethnicity. This study will be the first to draw on the results from the 2015 sweep of Next Steps data when the sample members are aged 25 and, together with the previous seven sweeps, bring the debate up to date by providing first estimates of the life condition of contemporary emerging adults. We find black and minority ethnic groups have lower odds of reporting mental ill-health at age 25 than the white group. With respect to labour market status, we find that net of socio-economic characteristics, educational attainment, behavioural variables and income at age 25, those who are unemployed are more than twice as likely to report symptoms of poor mental health as those who are employed. Shift workers and those on zero-hours contracts are also at a greater risk of mental ill-health by 47% and 44% respectively than those who are not shift workers or zero-hours workers. We find no significant difference for those who have a second job or are on a permanent contract for mental health at age 25 compared to those who do not have a second job or are on a temporary contract.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1332/175795919X15514456677295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48953554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-14DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15694142999134
Paul A. Smith, W. Yung
Business surveys are not generally considered to be longitudinal by design. However, the largest businesses are almost always included in each wave of recurrent surveys because they are essential for producing good estimates; and short-period business surveys frequently make use of rotating panel designs to improve the estimates of change by inducing sample overlaps between different periods. These design features mean that business surveys share some methodological challenges with longitudinal surveys. We review the longitudinal methods and approaches that can be used to improve the design and operation of business surveys, giving examples of their use. We also look in the other direction, considering the aspects of longitudinal analysis that have the potential to improve the accuracy, relevance and interpretation of business survey outputs.
{"title":"A review and evaluation of the use of longitudinal approaches in business surveys","authors":"Paul A. Smith, W. Yung","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15694142999134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15694142999134","url":null,"abstract":"Business surveys are not generally considered to be longitudinal by design. However, the largest businesses are almost always included in each wave of recurrent surveys because they are essential for producing good estimates; and short-period business surveys frequently make use of\u0000 rotating panel designs to improve the estimates of change by inducing sample overlaps between different periods. These design features mean that business surveys share some methodological challenges with longitudinal surveys. We review the longitudinal methods and approaches that can be used\u0000 to improve the design and operation of business surveys, giving examples of their use. We also look in the other direction, considering the aspects of longitudinal analysis that have the potential to improve the accuracy, relevance and interpretation of business survey outputs.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48346621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-25DOI: 10.1332/175795919X15468755933371
Jasper Tjaden, Dominique J. Rolando, Jennifer L. Doty, J. Mortimer
This longitudinal study examines how the time that youth spend in activities during high school may contribute to positive or negative development in adolescence and in early adulthood. We draw on data from 1103 participants in the longitudinal Youth Development Study, followed from entry to high school to their mid-twenties. Controlling demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological influences, we estimate the effects of average time spent on homework, in extracurricular activities, and with friends during the four years of high school on outcomes measured in the final year of high school and twelve years later. Our results suggest that policies surrounding the implementation and practice of homework may have long-term benefits for struggling students. In contrast, time spent with peers on weeknights was associated with both short- and long-term maladjustment.
{"title":"The Long-Term Effects of Time Use during High School on Positive Development.","authors":"Jasper Tjaden, Dominique J. Rolando, Jennifer L. Doty, J. Mortimer","doi":"10.1332/175795919X15468755933371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/175795919X15468755933371","url":null,"abstract":"This longitudinal study examines how the time that youth spend in activities during high school may contribute to positive or negative development in adolescence and in early adulthood. We draw on data from 1103 participants in the longitudinal Youth Development Study, followed from entry to high school to their mid-twenties. Controlling demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological influences, we estimate the effects of average time spent on homework, in extracurricular activities, and with friends during the four years of high school on outcomes measured in the final year of high school and twelve years later. Our results suggest that policies surrounding the implementation and practice of homework may have long-term benefits for struggling students. In contrast, time spent with peers on weeknights was associated with both short- and long-term maladjustment.","PeriodicalId":45988,"journal":{"name":"Longitudinal and Life Course Studies","volume":"10 1 1","pages":"51-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1332/175795919X15468755933371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46781252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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