Abstract Historians of Pahlavi Iran have demonstrated that physicians, pharmacists, dentists, and nurses were encouraged by early nation-builders to civilize patients and shepherd the masses into modernity. Medicine, however, was not only a top-down affair. Medical professionals maintained a dialogue with their patients, cognizant of the cultural mores of local communities and the threat of medical malpractice lawsuits. In fact, medicine, far from a universal science, was highly localized, inflected by traditional curatives (like herbs and spices), shortages of medical equipment and drugs, and local policing to safeguard patient rights. Through social history, scholars may examine the dialectic between patient and provider, which proved fundamental to the practice of modern medicine in Pahlavi Iran.
{"title":"Uncertain Cures: The Medical Marketplace in Pahlavi Iran","authors":"Shaherzad Ahmadi","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.68","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historians of Pahlavi Iran have demonstrated that physicians, pharmacists, dentists, and nurses were encouraged by early nation-builders to civilize patients and shepherd the masses into modernity. Medicine, however, was not only a top-down affair. Medical professionals maintained a dialogue with their patients, cognizant of the cultural mores of local communities and the threat of medical malpractice lawsuits. In fact, medicine, far from a universal science, was highly localized, inflected by traditional curatives (like herbs and spices), shortages of medical equipment and drugs, and local policing to safeguard patient rights. Through social history, scholars may examine the dialectic between patient and provider, which proved fundamental to the practice of modern medicine in Pahlavi Iran.","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"49 1","pages":"345 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85279345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laetitia Nanquette ’ s Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution: Production and Circulation in Iran and the World is a meticulously researched, exhaustive study of the production and circulation of Iranian literature after the 1979 revolution. At the heart of the author ’ s argument is what she identifies as a division in Iranian literary production and its reception between Iran and the diaspora. In her book, she offers a detailed exploration of the specific cultural conditions in which Iranian literature in Iran and in the diaspora is produced and circulated. Nanquette is a literary scholar, but she tells us at the outset that she will not be engaging in close readings of texts; rather, her goal is to offer a comprehensive sociological study of Iranian literature published in Iran and in the diaspora. She deliberately foregoes literary analysis in favor of a broad view of the industry, although more granular textual analysis would have further enriched this important work.
{"title":"Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution: Production and Circulation in Iran and the World. Laetitia Nanquette (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021). Pp. 312. $105.00 hardcover. ISBN 9781474486378","authors":"Nima Naghibi","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.67","url":null,"abstract":"Laetitia Nanquette ’ s Iranian Literature after the Islamic Revolution: Production and Circulation in Iran and the World is a meticulously researched, exhaustive study of the production and circulation of Iranian literature after the 1979 revolution. At the heart of the author ’ s argument is what she identifies as a division in Iranian literary production and its reception between Iran and the diaspora. In her book, she offers a detailed exploration of the specific cultural conditions in which Iranian literature in Iran and in the diaspora is produced and circulated. Nanquette is a literary scholar, but she tells us at the outset that she will not be engaging in close readings of texts; rather, her goal is to offer a comprehensive sociological study of Iranian literature published in Iran and in the diaspora. She deliberately foregoes literary analysis in favor of a broad view of the industry, although more granular textual analysis would have further enriched this important work.","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"426 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80715105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamad Reza Ghiasian, Mohammad Mashhadi Nooshabadi
Abstract This paper surveys some wood carvings belonging to four mosques in the villages of Firizhand, Quhrud, Abyana, and Barzuk. Carved between the years 700/1300-1 and 705/1305–6, they consist of architectural elements such as doors, columns, and capitals. The recently found woodwork evidence from the demolished Jamiʿ mosque of Barzuk reveals that this building and its decorations were executed by a multiskilled artist, who was most likely a descendant of Abu Zayd. Moreover, the newly discovered columns from the Masjid-i ʿAli in Quhrud show that, in contrast to what was previously thought, the current building is not contemporary with its dated door and was erected in later centuries. Interestingly, these wooden mosques were built during the last years of Ghazan Khan's rule and witness his order to construct mosques in all the villages of the country. This woodwork offers significant insight into the artistic and cultural situation of the early fourteenth century.
{"title":"Ilkhanid Wood Carvings in the Mountain Villages between Kashan and Natanz","authors":"Mohamad Reza Ghiasian, Mohammad Mashhadi Nooshabadi","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.72","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper surveys some wood carvings belonging to four mosques in the villages of Firizhand, Quhrud, Abyana, and Barzuk. Carved between the years 700/1300-1 and 705/1305–6, they consist of architectural elements such as doors, columns, and capitals. The recently found woodwork evidence from the demolished Jamiʿ mosque of Barzuk reveals that this building and its decorations were executed by a multiskilled artist, who was most likely a descendant of Abu Zayd. Moreover, the newly discovered columns from the Masjid-i ʿAli in Quhrud show that, in contrast to what was previously thought, the current building is not contemporary with its dated door and was erected in later centuries. Interestingly, these wooden mosques were built during the last years of Ghazan Khan's rule and witness his order to construct mosques in all the villages of the country. This woodwork offers significant insight into the artistic and cultural situation of the early fourteenth century.","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"59 1","pages":"255 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74067866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Market in Poetry in the Persian World. Shahzad Bashir (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021). 88 pp. $20.00 paper. ISBN 9781108948647","authors":"Jocelyn Sharlet","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.73","url":null,"abstract":"of","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"597 - 598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74000801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Using Soviet foreign ministry documents found in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, this article seeks to shed a new light on the identity of those behind the assassination of Haj ʻAli Razmara in 1951, and the reasons for it. In seeking a power to back his aspirations to become the ruler of Iran, Razmara hopped between the USSR and the United States, finally gambling on USSR. In spite of this, the United States was not in a hurry to get rid of him; instead, they preferred to use the Shah's fear of Razmara to secure the former's cooperation and to extract from him what they wanted, especially oil concessions in Iran. However, by then Iran was already marching rapidly toward oil nationalization, which Razmara opposed on the grounds that the USSR should be the power that produced the oil for the Iranians. This was unacceptable to the Americans, who, according to Soviet sources, decided to get rid of Razmara during the early stages of the Cold War.
{"title":"A Soviet View on the Assassination of the Iranian Prime Minister, Haj ʻAli Razmara, in the Context of the Early Years of the Cold War","authors":"Soli Shahvar","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.71","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using Soviet foreign ministry documents found in the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, this article seeks to shed a new light on the identity of those behind the assassination of Haj ʻAli Razmara in 1951, and the reasons for it. In seeking a power to back his aspirations to become the ruler of Iran, Razmara hopped between the USSR and the United States, finally gambling on USSR. In spite of this, the United States was not in a hurry to get rid of him; instead, they preferred to use the Shah's fear of Razmara to secure the former's cooperation and to extract from him what they wanted, especially oil concessions in Iran. However, by then Iran was already marching rapidly toward oil nationalization, which Razmara opposed on the grounds that the USSR should be the power that produced the oil for the Iranians. This was unacceptable to the Americans, who, according to Soviet sources, decided to get rid of Razmara during the early stages of the Cold War.","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"309 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78110059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development, Architecture, and the Formation of Heritage in Late Twentieth-Century Iran: A Vital Past. Ali Mozaffari and Nigel Westbrook (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2020). 304 pages. $130 hardcover. ISBN 9781526150158","authors":"F. Emami","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"423 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72493628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This photo essay provides a visual archive of Parsi philanthropic efforts toward the Iranian Zoroastrian communities of Yazd, Kerman, and Tehran during the 1930s. The essay reproduces a collection of photographs from a photo album produced by the Iranian Zoroastrian Anjoman (est. 1918) for the benefit of Parsi audiences in Bombay. These photographs were taken and compiled by administrators of the Parsi-funded charities in order to demonstrate to Bombay-based Parsi benefactors how their charity efforts were being used inside Iran. The essay also discusses the importance of including visual archival material as part of the social and cultural history of modern Iran, as well as the unique sets of challenges that such archival preservation represents.
{"title":"As Seen from Bombay: An Iranian Zoroastrian Photo Album from the 1930s","authors":"Afshin Marashi, D. Patel","doi":"10.1017/irn.2022.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.37","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This photo essay provides a visual archive of Parsi philanthropic efforts toward the Iranian Zoroastrian communities of Yazd, Kerman, and Tehran during the 1930s. The essay reproduces a collection of photographs from a photo album produced by the Iranian Zoroastrian Anjoman (est. 1918) for the benefit of Parsi audiences in Bombay. These photographs were taken and compiled by administrators of the Parsi-funded charities in order to demonstrate to Bombay-based Parsi benefactors how their charity efforts were being used inside Iran. The essay also discusses the importance of including visual archival material as part of the social and cultural history of modern Iran, as well as the unique sets of challenges that such archival preservation represents.","PeriodicalId":46025,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"101 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77006316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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