Pub Date : 2022-11-19DOI: 10.1177/14680181221136972
Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz, Rebecca Nielsen, Rodrigo Fagundes Cezar
This study examines the inclusion of disability provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We analyse how disability is referenced in 518 PTAs negotiated between 1948 and 2020. As an inductive analysis, our research identifies five main modes of inclusion of disability. In doing so, it problematizes the way disability materializes in PTAs, underscoring the prevalence of a medical model of disability and the limited scope of the provisions regarding the rights of persons with disabilities. These findings contribute to the understanding of the insertion of non-trade issues in international trade agreements and to the place of disability in global governance.
{"title":"The inclusion of disability as a non-trade issue in preferential trade agreements","authors":"Felipe Jaramillo Ruiz, Rebecca Nielsen, Rodrigo Fagundes Cezar","doi":"10.1177/14680181221136972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221136972","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the inclusion of disability provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We analyse how disability is referenced in 518 PTAs negotiated between 1948 and 2020. As an inductive analysis, our research identifies five main modes of inclusion of disability. In doing so, it problematizes the way disability materializes in PTAs, underscoring the prevalence of a medical model of disability and the limited scope of the provisions regarding the rights of persons with disabilities. These findings contribute to the understanding of the insertion of non-trade issues in international trade agreements and to the place of disability in global governance.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"148 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44628655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1177/14680181221120872
A. Shriwise
The Global Social Policy (GSP) Digest was produced under the co-editorship of Fabian Besche-Truthe and Anatoly Boyashov and under the lead editorship of Amanda Shriwise with support from Bielefeld University and the University of Bremen. It has been com-piled by Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Sara Curfé, Tahnee Ooms, Charles Prempeh, Robin Schulze Waltrup and Amanda Shriwise. All websites referenced were accessible in February 2022. This edition of the Digest covers the period from February 2022 to May 2022. like Facebook that has over 3.4 billion users around the world, and of course we have made mistakes. 47
{"title":"Global Social Policy Digest 22.3: The pros and cons of digitalization","authors":"A. Shriwise","doi":"10.1177/14680181221120872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221120872","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Social Policy (GSP) Digest was produced under the co-editorship of Fabian Besche-Truthe and Anatoly Boyashov and under the lead editorship of Amanda Shriwise with support from Bielefeld University and the University of Bremen. It has been com-piled by Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Sara Curfé, Tahnee Ooms, Charles Prempeh, Robin Schulze Waltrup and Amanda Shriwise. All websites referenced were accessible in February 2022. This edition of the Digest covers the period from February 2022 to May 2022. like Facebook that has over 3.4 billion users around the world, and of course we have made mistakes. 47","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"604 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44494066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1177/14680181221126029
Artan Mustafa
The majority of Kosovo’s public social welfare provision is today spent on basic universal programmes, namely, old-age pensions, healthcare services and child benefits. These programmes are tax-financed, citizenship-based and unconditional with regard to other criteria. Such expansive basic universalism is unusual for the Western Balkans and the rest of post-socialist Southeastern Europe. The first two of these programmes emerged through a complex process of policy formation led by powerful international organisations (IOs). The third programme was more recently initiated by the first-ever left-wing majority that came to power after two decades of democratic elections, implementing a manifesto that endorses a progressive policy mix. This outcome is counterintuitive: the IOs would be naturally expected to lean towards means-tested, targeted programmes, and Kosovo to crystallise into a (neo)liberal welfare regime (path-dependency). The article examines the detailed causal mechanisms that intervened in producing the outcome. Basic universalism has already had a significant impact in Kosovo by contributing to poverty reduction, the size of overall social protection expenditure and citizenship-building, and by serving as a good policy standard.
{"title":"The causal mechanisms behind expansive basic universalism in Kosovo","authors":"Artan Mustafa","doi":"10.1177/14680181221126029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221126029","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of Kosovo’s public social welfare provision is today spent on basic universal programmes, namely, old-age pensions, healthcare services and child benefits. These programmes are tax-financed, citizenship-based and unconditional with regard to other criteria. Such expansive basic universalism is unusual for the Western Balkans and the rest of post-socialist Southeastern Europe. The first two of these programmes emerged through a complex process of policy formation led by powerful international organisations (IOs). The third programme was more recently initiated by the first-ever left-wing majority that came to power after two decades of democratic elections, implementing a manifesto that endorses a progressive policy mix. This outcome is counterintuitive: the IOs would be naturally expected to lean towards means-tested, targeted programmes, and Kosovo to crystallise into a (neo)liberal welfare regime (path-dependency). The article examines the detailed causal mechanisms that intervened in producing the outcome. Basic universalism has already had a significant impact in Kosovo by contributing to poverty reduction, the size of overall social protection expenditure and citizenship-building, and by serving as a good policy standard.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"286 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45023856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-09DOI: 10.1177/14680181221121249
S. Cook, T. Agartan, A. Kaasch
This Forum revisits an enduring debate in social policy - between universalism and targeting;and specifically, whether (on what criteria) and, if so how, to target various forms of social assistance or protection. The motivation for revisiting this discussion is the World Bank's (WB) recently published report 'Revisiting Targeting in Social Assistance: A New Look at Old Dilemmas'. We start this Forum by situating this debate between universalism and targeting within the history of social policy that helps us trace the roots of the arguments and highlight its significance for the current post-Covid-19 context as well as for the future of social policy. We consider some key themes and discuss the implications of this debate from the perspective of global social policy.
{"title":"Forum introduction: Revisiting targeting and universalism","authors":"S. Cook, T. Agartan, A. Kaasch","doi":"10.1177/14680181221121249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221121249","url":null,"abstract":"This Forum revisits an enduring debate in social policy - between universalism and targeting;and specifically, whether (on what criteria) and, if so how, to target various forms of social assistance or protection. The motivation for revisiting this discussion is the World Bank's (WB) recently published report 'Revisiting Targeting in Social Assistance: A New Look at Old Dilemmas'. We start this Forum by situating this debate between universalism and targeting within the history of social policy that helps us trace the roots of the arguments and highlight its significance for the current post-Covid-19 context as well as for the future of social policy. We consider some key themes and discuss the implications of this debate from the perspective of global social policy.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"426 - 433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.1177/14680181221120732
T. Fenwick, Lucio R. Rennó
The central research finding of this article is that the standard policy feedback effects in the literature cannot alone explain the outcomes of the Brazilian Bolsa Familia program/Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). While conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have remained a resilient policy instrument in Brazil – newly elected officials did not dismantle, replace or wholesale transform PBF – our empirical research tells us that this resilience is due not only to policy feedbacks, but also to another mechanism. We suggest that previous explanations have not paid sufficient attention to the concept of policy capacity or to the role of the bureaucracy in defending PBF over time. We analyse the internal dynamics of Brazil’s PBF in changing political and economic environments. Our key explanatory factor is the impact of alternations of power. We suggest that PBF’s resilience to changing political and economic contexts is underpinned by its policy capacity.
{"title":"Policy capacity: Explaining the surprising durability of CCTs in Brazil","authors":"T. Fenwick, Lucio R. Rennó","doi":"10.1177/14680181221120732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221120732","url":null,"abstract":"The central research finding of this article is that the standard policy feedback effects in the literature cannot alone explain the outcomes of the Brazilian Bolsa Familia program/Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). While conditional cash transfers (CCTs) have remained a resilient policy instrument in Brazil – newly elected officials did not dismantle, replace or wholesale transform PBF – our empirical research tells us that this resilience is due not only to policy feedbacks, but also to another mechanism. We suggest that previous explanations have not paid sufficient attention to the concept of policy capacity or to the role of the bureaucracy in defending PBF over time. We analyse the internal dynamics of Brazil’s PBF in changing political and economic environments. Our key explanatory factor is the impact of alternations of power. We suggest that PBF’s resilience to changing political and economic contexts is underpinned by its policy capacity.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"23 1","pages":"325 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-04DOI: 10.1177/14680181221121449
S. Razavi, C. Behrendt, V. Nesterenko, I. Orton, Céline Peyron Bista, Alvaro Ramos Chaves, H. Schwarzer, Maya Stern-Plaza, Veronika Wodsak
The consensus on the need to build universal social protective systems to provide income security and health protection for all has been reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis that shook the world over the past two and a half years not only revealed large gaps in coverage, adequacy and comprehensiveness of social protection systems but also drove the message home that a universal social protection system reaching everyone is automatically primed to protect all those affected by a systemic shock. In the face of complex and fast-moving crises, universalism is preferable to targeted approaches, especially where the administrative capacity to target is limited and a very high proportion of the population is vulnerable. Universalism makes more practical sense than ad hoc efforts to 'effectively' target, the limitations of which are well documented.
{"title":"Building universal social protection systems for all: What role for targeting?","authors":"S. Razavi, C. Behrendt, V. Nesterenko, I. Orton, Céline Peyron Bista, Alvaro Ramos Chaves, H. Schwarzer, Maya Stern-Plaza, Veronika Wodsak","doi":"10.1177/14680181221121449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221121449","url":null,"abstract":"The consensus on the need to build universal social protective systems to provide income security and health protection for all has been reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis that shook the world over the past two and a half years not only revealed large gaps in coverage, adequacy and comprehensiveness of social protection systems but also drove the message home that a universal social protection system reaching everyone is automatically primed to protect all those affected by a systemic shock. In the face of complex and fast-moving crises, universalism is preferable to targeted approaches, especially where the administrative capacity to target is limited and a very high proportion of the population is vulnerable. Universalism makes more practical sense than ad hoc efforts to 'effectively' target, the limitations of which are well documented.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"449 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47258432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-06DOI: 10.1177/14680181221108017
Ante Malinar
The paper investigates the influence of policy ideas from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on healthcare financing policy in Croatia during the 2002 reform. It contributes to the global social policy literature by providing evidence that the influence of international organisations primarily stems from non-coercive instruments to control the policy agenda, for example, dissemination of ideas, technical assistance and consultations with the recipient government. Even though Croatia was facing economic and political difficulties which weakened its bargaining position vis a vis IOs, the paper shows that impact of coercion and conditionalities attached to international aid was limited. It explains the lenient stance of international organisations by their mission to aid and adjust to a country’s needs as well as their self-interest to lend money, to stay in the reform game and to prolong their influence in the future. Consequently, international organisations are willing to bargain and make trade-offs with the recipient government.
{"title":"The role of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in the healthcare financing reforms in Croatia: Transfer of ideas and limited coercion","authors":"Ante Malinar","doi":"10.1177/14680181221108017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221108017","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the influence of policy ideas from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on healthcare financing policy in Croatia during the 2002 reform. It contributes to the global social policy literature by providing evidence that the influence of international organisations primarily stems from non-coercive instruments to control the policy agenda, for example, dissemination of ideas, technical assistance and consultations with the recipient government. Even though Croatia was facing economic and political difficulties which weakened its bargaining position vis a vis IOs, the paper shows that impact of coercion and conditionalities attached to international aid was limited. It explains the lenient stance of international organisations by their mission to aid and adjust to a country’s needs as well as their self-interest to lend money, to stay in the reform game and to prolong their influence in the future. Consequently, international organisations are willing to bargain and make trade-offs with the recipient government.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"540 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1177/14680181221111968
Daniel Künzler
The francophone and especially iberophone countries of the UN subregion Middle Africa are a gap in the literature on social policies in sub-Saharan Africa. A comparative analysis shows that there are differences in the provision of social services in the mainly authoritarian regimes in Middle Africa. Countries with a current or past form of authoritarianism that include elites from regions across the country are less underperforming regarding social services than the more exclusive authoritarian regimes based on one region or even one family. However, against parts of the literature, no Middle African country introduced a tax-financed age-based cash transfer, although most of them, having natural resources, are not low-income countries. Many have fragmented small short-term emergency cash transfers that the literature expects rather in low-income countries. The remarkable exceptions are the richest upper middle-income countries, namely Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, where research did not reveal any cash transfer programmes. Social policies are strikingly unimportant as electoral issues.
{"title":"Natural resources, authoritarian regimes, social services and the limits of cash transfers in Middle Africa","authors":"Daniel Künzler","doi":"10.1177/14680181221111968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221111968","url":null,"abstract":"The francophone and especially iberophone countries of the UN subregion Middle Africa are a gap in the literature on social policies in sub-Saharan Africa. A comparative analysis shows that there are differences in the provision of social services in the mainly authoritarian regimes in Middle Africa. Countries with a current or past form of authoritarianism that include elites from regions across the country are less underperforming regarding social services than the more exclusive authoritarian regimes based on one region or even one family. However, against parts of the literature, no Middle African country introduced a tax-financed age-based cash transfer, although most of them, having natural resources, are not low-income countries. Many have fragmented small short-term emergency cash transfers that the literature expects rather in low-income countries. The remarkable exceptions are the richest upper middle-income countries, namely Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, where research did not reveal any cash transfer programmes. Social policies are strikingly unimportant as electoral issues.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"464 - 482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45553951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1177/14680181221094906
Margaret Babirye, J. Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, A. Boyashov, Sara Curfé, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan C. Laws, Malte Neuwinger, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze
The Global Social Policy (GSP) Digest was produced under the co-editorship of Robin Schulze Waltrup and Meghan Laws and under the lead editorship of Amanda Shriwise with support from Bielefeld University and the University of Bremen. It has been compiled by Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Sara Curfé, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan Laws, Malte Neuwinger, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze Waltrup, and Amanda Shriwise. All websites referenced were accessible in February 2022. This edition of the Digest covers the period from October 2021 to January 2022.
《全球社会政策文摘》由罗宾·舒尔茨·沃尔特鲁普和梅根·劳斯共同主编，阿曼达·施里怀斯主编，比勒菲尔德大学和不来梅大学提供支持。它由Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Sara curf， Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan Laws, Malte Neuwinger, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze Waltrup和Amanda Shriwise编辑。所有引用的网站在2022年2月都可以访问。本期文摘涵盖2021年10月至2022年1月期间。
{"title":"Global Social Policy Digest 22.2: Was COP26 only ‘blah blah blah’ or a step forward for eco-social policy?","authors":"Margaret Babirye, J. Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, A. Boyashov, Sara Curfé, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan C. Laws, Malte Neuwinger, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze","doi":"10.1177/14680181221094906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221094906","url":null,"abstract":"The Global Social Policy (GSP) Digest was produced under the co-editorship of Robin Schulze Waltrup and Meghan Laws and under the lead editorship of Amanda Shriwise with support from Bielefeld University and the University of Bremen. It has been compiled by Margaret Babirye, John Berten, Fabian Besche-Truthe, Anatoly Boyashov, Sara Curfé, Eberechukwu Igbojekwe, Meghan Laws, Malte Neuwinger, Tahnee Ooms, Robin Schulze Waltrup, and Amanda Shriwise. All websites referenced were accessible in February 2022. This edition of the Digest covers the period from October 2021 to January 2022.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"392 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44980449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.1177/14680181221111702
Armin Müller, Tobias ten Brink
This study seeks to explain why China’s Urban Employees’ Social Insurance (UESI) features models that can be considered internationally mainstream in three of its branches (pensions, work accidents and unemployment), but fringe models in the other two (healthcare and maternity). Focusing on learning as a mechanism of diffusion, it compares the five insurance programmes of the UESI regarding the influence of domestic and international factors on the outcomes. Compared to previous work on Latin America, the study identifies new factors influencing learning processes, such as economic transition in the case of unemployment insurance. Furthermore, the study finds deviations from previously established connections between the complexity of policy subsystems and the synthesis of different policy options. Nevertheless, the results largely corroborate previous arguments about complexity: policy subsystems with a smaller number of international models are more conducive to adopting simple, neat policy models.
{"title":"The diffusion of international models in China’s Urban Employees’ Social Insurance","authors":"Armin Müller, Tobias ten Brink","doi":"10.1177/14680181221111702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680181221111702","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to explain why China’s Urban Employees’ Social Insurance (UESI) features models that can be considered internationally mainstream in three of its branches (pensions, work accidents and unemployment), but fringe models in the other two (healthcare and maternity). Focusing on learning as a mechanism of diffusion, it compares the five insurance programmes of the UESI regarding the influence of domestic and international factors on the outcomes. Compared to previous work on Latin America, the study identifies new factors influencing learning processes, such as economic transition in the case of unemployment insurance. Furthermore, the study finds deviations from previously established connections between the complexity of policy subsystems and the synthesis of different policy options. Nevertheless, the results largely corroborate previous arguments about complexity: policy subsystems with a smaller number of international models are more conducive to adopting simple, neat policy models.","PeriodicalId":46041,"journal":{"name":"Global Social Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"560 - 579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42996205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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