Pub Date : 2020-05-26DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1768165
B. Powers, A. Ausseil, G. Perry
ABSTRACT Sustaining ecosystem services (ES) is a key interest in the management of land use in multifunctional landscapes (i.e. ES that support ecosystem function and sustain human livelihoods). In making land management decisions, it is important to understand the relationships and spatial distributions of multiple ES, and the synergies and trade-offs between them. We analysed nine ES in a catchment in the Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand, to identify areas in the catchment are high (hotspots) and low (coldspots) in supplying multiple ES, the relationships among ES, and where ES trade-offs and synergies occur. We found ES hotspots occurred mainly in indigenous forest. Synergies occurred among provisioning services (milk and meat) and dis-service nitrogen leaching as well as synergies with carbon sequestration and wood supply. Trade-offs occurred between regulating services and a supporting service. We identified ES bundles (services that occur repeatedly together) of provisioning services and those associated with exotic forest. Spatial concurrences and relationships of different ES provide a way to optimise the supply of multiple ES. These results may be used to guide landscape management whereby spatial prioritisation can be used to conserve areas of high ES supply or bundles of ES.
{"title":"Ecosystem service management and spatial prioritisation in a multifunctional landscape in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand","authors":"B. Powers, A. Ausseil, G. Perry","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1768165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1768165","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustaining ecosystem services (ES) is a key interest in the management of land use in multifunctional landscapes (i.e. ES that support ecosystem function and sustain human livelihoods). In making land management decisions, it is important to understand the relationships and spatial distributions of multiple ES, and the synergies and trade-offs between them. We analysed nine ES in a catchment in the Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand, to identify areas in the catchment are high (hotspots) and low (coldspots) in supplying multiple ES, the relationships among ES, and where ES trade-offs and synergies occur. We found ES hotspots occurred mainly in indigenous forest. Synergies occurred among provisioning services (milk and meat) and dis-service nitrogen leaching as well as synergies with carbon sequestration and wood supply. Trade-offs occurred between regulating services and a supporting service. We identified ES bundles (services that occur repeatedly together) of provisioning services and those associated with exotic forest. Spatial concurrences and relationships of different ES provide a way to optimise the supply of multiple ES. These results may be used to guide landscape management whereby spatial prioritisation can be used to conserve areas of high ES supply or bundles of ES.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"275 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1768165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42766337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-26DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1765423
P. Agarwal, T. Werner, R. Lane, J. Lamborn
ABSTRACT In Australia, local government authorities play an essential role in diverting waste from landfill, including through domestic waste recycling. To date, the effectiveness of these recycling operations in Australia has not been thoroughly investigated. This study assessed recycling performance in the state of Victoria through a survey of all 79 municipal councils. This survey identified key challenges affecting successful domestic waste management, primarily relating to contamination in recycling streams, stemming from residents’ inability to differentiate between recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Councils were concerned about inconsistent waste management practices between councils, and highlighted that revising Australian Standard AS4123.3 to standardise bin lid colours could reduce community confusion. Many councils faced information gaps, which could be resolved by including more performance indicators in the Local Government Performance Reporting Framework. Drivers of recycling performance were also considered through multiple regression, using data from the survey, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and other government sources. This analysis supported the councils’ identification of high service costs and residents’ inability to differentiate between recyclable and non-recyclable materials as key issues. An extension of this quantitative approach to other Australian jurisdictions exposed significant data gaps, indicating the need for a more consistent national data collection policy.
{"title":"Municipal recycling performance in Victoria, Australia: results from a survey of local government authorities","authors":"P. Agarwal, T. Werner, R. Lane, J. Lamborn","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1765423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1765423","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Australia, local government authorities play an essential role in diverting waste from landfill, including through domestic waste recycling. To date, the effectiveness of these recycling operations in Australia has not been thoroughly investigated. This study assessed recycling performance in the state of Victoria through a survey of all 79 municipal councils. This survey identified key challenges affecting successful domestic waste management, primarily relating to contamination in recycling streams, stemming from residents’ inability to differentiate between recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Councils were concerned about inconsistent waste management practices between councils, and highlighted that revising Australian Standard AS4123.3 to standardise bin lid colours could reduce community confusion. Many councils faced information gaps, which could be resolved by including more performance indicators in the Local Government Performance Reporting Framework. Drivers of recycling performance were also considered through multiple regression, using data from the survey, the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and other government sources. This analysis supported the councils’ identification of high service costs and residents’ inability to differentiate between recyclable and non-recyclable materials as key issues. An extension of this quantitative approach to other Australian jurisdictions exposed significant data gaps, indicating the need for a more consistent national data collection policy.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"294 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1765423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48254997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1760950
S. Guinness, G. Maguire, K. Miller, M. Weston
ABSTRACT Controversy surrounds domestic dog Canis familiaris access to beaches in much of the developed world, where achieving a balance between dog walking and nature conservation, and establishing reasonable compliance with regulations, appear to be highly challenging. We surveyed 434 people who take dogs onto beaches (in coastal central Victoria, Australia), to characterise their use of beaches and attitudes to regulatory controls. Four factors characterised attitudinal dimensions: (1) compliance and support for rules and regulations, (2) perceived dog behaviour and control, (3) rights of dogs and (4) value of dogs compared with wildlife. We hypothesised that residents and non-residents may differ in their attitudes toward dog walking on beaches, and this may also be influenced by their age and sex. Attitudes were broadly similar although slight differences were apparent: residents aged 35–49 years were less supportive of rules and regulations, those aged 18–24 years agreed more strongly that leashing effectively controlled dogs. Males, regardless of their age or residency status, expressed stronger beliefs that dogs were more important than wildlife. This study reveals complex demographic correlates with attitudes to dog walking on beaches, which reveals key stakeholder groups for awareness and education activities.
{"title":"My dog, my beach! Attitudes towards dog management on Victorian beaches","authors":"S. Guinness, G. Maguire, K. Miller, M. Weston","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1760950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1760950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Controversy surrounds domestic dog Canis familiaris access to beaches in much of the developed world, where achieving a balance between dog walking and nature conservation, and establishing reasonable compliance with regulations, appear to be highly challenging. We surveyed 434 people who take dogs onto beaches (in coastal central Victoria, Australia), to characterise their use of beaches and attitudes to regulatory controls. Four factors characterised attitudinal dimensions: (1) compliance and support for rules and regulations, (2) perceived dog behaviour and control, (3) rights of dogs and (4) value of dogs compared with wildlife. We hypothesised that residents and non-residents may differ in their attitudes toward dog walking on beaches, and this may also be influenced by their age and sex. Attitudes were broadly similar although slight differences were apparent: residents aged 35–49 years were less supportive of rules and regulations, those aged 18–24 years agreed more strongly that leashing effectively controlled dogs. Males, regardless of their age or residency status, expressed stronger beliefs that dogs were more important than wildlife. This study reveals complex demographic correlates with attitudes to dog walking on beaches, which reveals key stakeholder groups for awareness and education activities.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"329 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1760950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41853450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1758408
M. Upcher
This is the second edition of this book, which self-describes as a ‘comprehensive coverage of the economics of climate change and climate policy’ and ‘an essential text for advanced undergraduate a...
这是本书的第二版，它自称是“气候变化经济学和气候政策的全面报道”和“高等本科生的重要文本”。。。
{"title":"Climate economics: economic analysis of climate, climate change and climate policy","authors":"M. Upcher","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1758408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1758408","url":null,"abstract":"This is the second edition of this book, which self-describes as a ‘comprehensive coverage of the economics of climate change and climate policy’ and ‘an essential text for advanced undergraduate a...","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"343 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1758408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48729195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1741456
P. Bonney, Angela Murphy, B. Hansen, C. Baldwin
ABSTRACT Citizen science can be a viable mechanism to foster productive linkages between community and government for sustainable water resource management. In Australia, this potential has longstanding policy support but research into program extent, characteristics or impact on decision-making processes has been lacking. This article draws on a temporal analysis of data records from two citizen science programs and a nationwide survey of 47 program coordinators representing 43 freshwater and estuarine citizen science programs to examine these knowledge shortfalls. Results indicate that program activity has contracted in Victoria but increased in the ACT, with additional evidence indicating a nationwide contraction. Survey results revealed programs operating nationwide and largely implemented as a community-government partnership, combining data and educative priorities. Despite 70 per cent of programs having goals to inform catchment decision-making, data use was verified for less than half of programs. Program coordinators reported several social, organisational and technical barriers that limit this uptake. In highlighting these issues, we make three recommendations for enhancing linkages between citizen science and catchment decision-making: (1) increasing institutional support; (2) improving coordination and embracing new possibilities for collaboration; and (3) demonstrating and communicating program achievements.
{"title":"Citizen science in Australia’s waterways: investigating linkages with catchment decision-making","authors":"P. Bonney, Angela Murphy, B. Hansen, C. Baldwin","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1741456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1741456","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Citizen science can be a viable mechanism to foster productive linkages between community and government for sustainable water resource management. In Australia, this potential has longstanding policy support but research into program extent, characteristics or impact on decision-making processes has been lacking. This article draws on a temporal analysis of data records from two citizen science programs and a nationwide survey of 47 program coordinators representing 43 freshwater and estuarine citizen science programs to examine these knowledge shortfalls. Results indicate that program activity has contracted in Victoria but increased in the ACT, with additional evidence indicating a nationwide contraction. Survey results revealed programs operating nationwide and largely implemented as a community-government partnership, combining data and educative priorities. Despite 70 per cent of programs having goals to inform catchment decision-making, data use was verified for less than half of programs. Program coordinators reported several social, organisational and technical barriers that limit this uptake. In highlighting these issues, we make three recommendations for enhancing linkages between citizen science and catchment decision-making: (1) increasing institutional support; (2) improving coordination and embracing new possibilities for collaboration; and (3) demonstrating and communicating program achievements.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"200 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1741456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46514952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1758806
Kirti Mishra, C. Neesham, K. Coghill, W. Stubbs
ABSTRACT Climate change is a key societal and economic challenge. Despite widespread recognition for the need for urgent action on climate change, transformation to a zero carbon economy is still elusive. While there are detailed accounts of organisational responses to climate change impacts, little is known about climate change inaction. We adopt the theoretical framework of resilience in social-ecological systems to explore the change processes needed to overcome climate change inaction. Through an in-depth case study of an Australian energy company, we identify the impediments to climate change action due to rigidity and scarcity traps at three levels: micro (organisation), meso (industry), and macro (government). These traps inhibit transformation from a fossil fuel regime to a renewable energy regime. Our study contributes to a multi-level theory of organisational inaction on climate change by identifying specific causal factors that erode systemic adaptive capacity, increasing the probability of rigidity and scarcity traps. We find that different inaction occurs at all three levels, and is closely interconnected (across levels) within a social-ecological system, due to dynamic antecedents (e.g. changing individual attitudes, business practices, and government policies). Competencies, resources, and cultural changes can help organisations traverse rigidity and scarcity traps to overcome climate change inaction.
{"title":"A multilevel analysis of climate change inaction: case study of an Australian electricity company","authors":"Kirti Mishra, C. Neesham, K. Coghill, W. Stubbs","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1758806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1758806","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change is a key societal and economic challenge. Despite widespread recognition for the need for urgent action on climate change, transformation to a zero carbon economy is still elusive. While there are detailed accounts of organisational responses to climate change impacts, little is known about climate change inaction. We adopt the theoretical framework of resilience in social-ecological systems to explore the change processes needed to overcome climate change inaction. Through an in-depth case study of an Australian energy company, we identify the impediments to climate change action due to rigidity and scarcity traps at three levels: micro (organisation), meso (industry), and macro (government). These traps inhibit transformation from a fossil fuel regime to a renewable energy regime. Our study contributes to a multi-level theory of organisational inaction on climate change by identifying specific causal factors that erode systemic adaptive capacity, increasing the probability of rigidity and scarcity traps. We find that different inaction occurs at all three levels, and is closely interconnected (across levels) within a social-ecological system, due to dynamic antecedents (e.g. changing individual attitudes, business practices, and government policies). Competencies, resources, and cultural changes can help organisations traverse rigidity and scarcity traps to overcome climate change inaction.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"173 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1758806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46496958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1750494
P. Negus, J. Blessing, Sara E. Clifford, J. Marshall
ABSTRACT Ecosystem monitoring often fails to provide the right information to evaluate and guide environmental stewardship due to a lack of diagnostic capacity, long-term operational resources, explicit monitoring objectives and rigorous sampling designs. Our objective is to describe a monitoring framework that addresses these failures by including causative conceptual models and the concepts of adaptive monitoring and management. Resources are rarely available to monitor all ecosystem components, so identifying priorities is vital for the success of a monitoring program. An ecological risk assessment combining available information and expert opinion on threats and their consequences to the ecosystem can be used to prioritise monitoring and identify explicit objectives. A Pressure-Stressor-Response conceptual model forms the causative understanding of the ecosystem and the model components underpin the factors in the risk assessment. In this way, field sampling can validate the priority of ecosystem threats; provide information for refinement of conceptual understandings and guide efficient management activity. Repeated risk assessments using updated data and information can identify successful management and the increase and establishment of threats. Updated risk assessments can change threat priorities and therefore monitoring and assessment hypotheses and objectives can change. This ability to change underlies the concepts of adaptive monitoring and management.
{"title":"Adaptive monitoring using causative conceptual models: assessment of ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems","authors":"P. Negus, J. Blessing, Sara E. Clifford, J. Marshall","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1750494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1750494","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ecosystem monitoring often fails to provide the right information to evaluate and guide environmental stewardship due to a lack of diagnostic capacity, long-term operational resources, explicit monitoring objectives and rigorous sampling designs. Our objective is to describe a monitoring framework that addresses these failures by including causative conceptual models and the concepts of adaptive monitoring and management. Resources are rarely available to monitor all ecosystem components, so identifying priorities is vital for the success of a monitoring program. An ecological risk assessment combining available information and expert opinion on threats and their consequences to the ecosystem can be used to prioritise monitoring and identify explicit objectives. A Pressure-Stressor-Response conceptual model forms the causative understanding of the ecosystem and the model components underpin the factors in the risk assessment. In this way, field sampling can validate the priority of ecosystem threats; provide information for refinement of conceptual understandings and guide efficient management activity. Repeated risk assessments using updated data and information can identify successful management and the increase and establishment of threats. Updated risk assessments can change threat priorities and therefore monitoring and assessment hypotheses and objectives can change. This ability to change underlies the concepts of adaptive monitoring and management.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"224 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1750494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47302888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1768661
R. Colvin, H. Ross, C. Baldwin
As Australia, New Zealand, and much of the world live under home isolation to contain the spread of COVID-19, attention is turning to short term environmental responses to the sudden changes in human behaviour, and implications for global dealings with the climate emergency. Reductions in energy usage are among the changes already apparent. Air and road transportation has reduced drastically, so cities no longer have their usual traffic jams (Knight 2020). Photographs of clear skies over Beijing, Kathmandu and many other cities offer visual reminder of the benefits of sudden declines in air pollution. Press and magazine commentaries also speculate whether people’s lifestyles will change towards living more simply, as people experience living with less, shopping locally, cooking at home, new levels of neighbourly support, and much more time with immediate family. There is further anticipation of structural changes, with discussion of a proportion of employers and workers maintaining much more working from home than in the past, as advantages are experienced (Ross 2020). Thus the enforced social changes required to contend with the pandemic may well offer an opportunity for redirection of national economies and lifestyles and with them energy usage and opportunities to address climate change, in recovery (Rosenbloom and Markard 2020). Meanwhile, governments are listening to experts – and putting them in the forefront of public announcements – to an unprecedented degree. Optimists hope this will make a precedent for heeding climate scientists in addressing the climate emergency (Farhart 2020). Changes in energy usage, and sources, are already being measured. The International Energy Agency (2020) has analysed recent daily data from 30 countries representing over two-thirds of global energy demand. It calculates that countries in full lockdown are experiencing an average 25 per cent decline in energy demand per week and those in partial lockdown an average 18 per cent decline. Global CO2 emissions are expected to decrease by eight per cent over 2020. During the ‘lockdown’ period renewable energy has experienced growth in demand, while coal and oil have experienced sharp drops (IEA 2020). Energy futures are very much part of debates associated with the massive world changes arising from COVID-19. Experts including Australia’s former Liberal Party Leader and Shadow Treasurer Prof. Hewson has argued ‘there is every reason to expect that the virus crisis will strengthen and accelerate the imperative to transition to a low-carbon world by mid-century’ (Hewson 2020). The Australian Prime Minister, however, has been mentioning coal amongst economic strategies, and activists fear reduced parliamentary function in Australia in 2020 will limit scrutiny. This issue focuses on a special collection on wind energy, guest edited by Rebecca Colvin and Ian Boothroyd, two articles on organisational change and the electricity sector, and two articles on information for
{"title":"Social dimensions of energy system change in a disrupted world","authors":"R. Colvin, H. Ross, C. Baldwin","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1768661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1768661","url":null,"abstract":"As Australia, New Zealand, and much of the world live under home isolation to contain the spread of COVID-19, attention is turning to short term environmental responses to the sudden changes in human behaviour, and implications for global dealings with the climate emergency. Reductions in energy usage are among the changes already apparent. Air and road transportation has reduced drastically, so cities no longer have their usual traffic jams (Knight 2020). Photographs of clear skies over Beijing, Kathmandu and many other cities offer visual reminder of the benefits of sudden declines in air pollution. Press and magazine commentaries also speculate whether people’s lifestyles will change towards living more simply, as people experience living with less, shopping locally, cooking at home, new levels of neighbourly support, and much more time with immediate family. There is further anticipation of structural changes, with discussion of a proportion of employers and workers maintaining much more working from home than in the past, as advantages are experienced (Ross 2020). Thus the enforced social changes required to contend with the pandemic may well offer an opportunity for redirection of national economies and lifestyles and with them energy usage and opportunities to address climate change, in recovery (Rosenbloom and Markard 2020). Meanwhile, governments are listening to experts – and putting them in the forefront of public announcements – to an unprecedented degree. Optimists hope this will make a precedent for heeding climate scientists in addressing the climate emergency (Farhart 2020). Changes in energy usage, and sources, are already being measured. The International Energy Agency (2020) has analysed recent daily data from 30 countries representing over two-thirds of global energy demand. It calculates that countries in full lockdown are experiencing an average 25 per cent decline in energy demand per week and those in partial lockdown an average 18 per cent decline. Global CO2 emissions are expected to decrease by eight per cent over 2020. During the ‘lockdown’ period renewable energy has experienced growth in demand, while coal and oil have experienced sharp drops (IEA 2020). Energy futures are very much part of debates associated with the massive world changes arising from COVID-19. Experts including Australia’s former Liberal Party Leader and Shadow Treasurer Prof. Hewson has argued ‘there is every reason to expect that the virus crisis will strengthen and accelerate the imperative to transition to a low-carbon world by mid-century’ (Hewson 2020). The Australian Prime Minister, however, has been mentioning coal amongst economic strategies, and activists fear reduced parliamentary function in Australia in 2020 will limit scrutiny. This issue focuses on a special collection on wind energy, guest edited by Rebecca Colvin and Ian Boothroyd, two articles on organisational change and the electricity sector, and two articles on information for","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"117 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1768661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47866813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1747029
B. Wade, A. Griffiths
ABSTRACT Decarbonisation is defined here as the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from an organisation or process through a concerted strategy, to a point of neutrality. This article examines the presence of Best Practice Carbon Management (BPCM) within four Australian organisations from two contrasting sectors. The cases are taken from the high emissions electricity sector and the low emissions university sector, representing extreme cases in terms of carbon emissions and contrasting potential reasons to decarbonise. Findings show that all of the cases are taking action in each attribute area of BPCM but overall are still struggling to decarbonise. The cases presented in this article display individualisation within their carbon management strategies, linked to their internal and external environments. Organisational strengths are discussed in the areas of Networking/Stakeholder Engagement; Strategy; Resource Allocation; and Knowledge Creation. A typology of strategic responses is constructed and potential areas of attribute underdevelopment identified, with implications for achieving decarbonisation.
{"title":"Examining Best Practice Carbon Management within Australian organisations: cases from contrasting sectors","authors":"B. Wade, A. Griffiths","doi":"10.1080/14486563.2020.1747029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2020.1747029","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Decarbonisation is defined here as the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from an organisation or process through a concerted strategy, to a point of neutrality. This article examines the presence of Best Practice Carbon Management (BPCM) within four Australian organisations from two contrasting sectors. The cases are taken from the high emissions electricity sector and the low emissions university sector, representing extreme cases in terms of carbon emissions and contrasting potential reasons to decarbonise. Findings show that all of the cases are taking action in each attribute area of BPCM but overall are still struggling to decarbonise. The cases presented in this article display individualisation within their carbon management strategies, linked to their internal and external environments. Organisational strengths are discussed in the areas of Networking/Stakeholder Engagement; Strategy; Resource Allocation; and Knowledge Creation. A typology of strategic responses is constructed and potential areas of attribute underdevelopment identified, with implications for achieving decarbonisation.","PeriodicalId":46081,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Environmental Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"156 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14486563.2020.1747029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44119731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/14486563.2020.1770412
S. Jackson
Last year this journal devoted an entire edition to Indigenous water management in acknowledgement of the growing importance of Indigenous peoples’ struggles over water in Australia (see v. 26, issue 3). That two books analysing the legal frameworks for recognising Indigenous water rights were published last year (O’Bryan 2019; Macpherson 2019) reflects the attention that some in the scholarly community are now giving to one of the country’s most neglected environmental governance issues, a failing that is embedded in our settler-colonial legal history. These texts will greatly help those involved in water management, or others who work in Indigenous natural resource management, to understand the legal basis of our unjust water governance system.
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