Critical Perspectives on International Business最新文献_第9页

Transnationality in the XXI century. Concept and indicators 21世纪的跨国主义。概念和指标

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-11-2020-0135

G. Ietto-Gillies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of major structural changes on the conceptualization of the transnational corporation (TNC) based on foreign direct investment (FDI) and on indicators of transnationality.Design/methodology/approachAnalysis of three major structural changes which impact the current conception of transnationality. They are: the rise of digital companies; the increased role of finance in the economy; externalization of activities via non-equity modalities (NEMs) with an impact on FDI and on the labour market.FindingsThe paper finds that the current concept of transnationality needs widening to take account of companies with a low degree of fixed assets abroad such as the digital and the financial companies and those internationalizing via NEMs, as well as to take account of the evolving relationship between TNCs and labour.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research along the lines proposed should consider: working explicitly with the new, inclusive concept of transnationality and arrive at an empirical estimate of the proposed indices of transnationality which modify and amplify the current United Nations Conference on Trade and Development indices.Social implicationsUseful for understanding the nature of transnationality in the twenty-first century and for developing policies.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a new concept of transnationality and of the TNC, one that allows for new ways of organizing direct business activities abroad. It also proposes broadening the list of indicators of transnationality.

目的分析主要结构变化对基于外国直接投资的跨国公司概念化和跨国性指标的影响。设计/方法论/方法分析影响当前跨国籍概念的三大结构变化。它们是：数字公司的崛起；金融在经济中的作用增强；通过非股权模式将活动外部化，对外国直接投资和劳动力市场产生影响。论文发现，目前跨国公司的概念需要扩大，以考虑到在国外固定资产水平较低的公司，如数字和金融公司以及通过NEM国际化的公司，并考虑到跨国公司与劳动力之间不断发展的关系。研究局限性/含义未来的研究应考虑：明确采用新的、包容性的跨国籍概念，并对拟议的跨国籍指数进行实证估计，以修改和扩大当前的联合国贸易和发展会议指数。社会含义有助于理解21世纪跨国籍的性质和制定政策。独创性/价值本文提出了跨国和跨国公司的新概念，为组织海外直接商业活动提供了新的方式。它还建议扩大跨国籍指标的范围。

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引用次数: 5

Ethnography of economic globalization in Mapuche and forest territory of South-Central Chile 智利中南部马普切和森林地区经济全球化的民族志研究

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-12-2019-0101

Noelia Carrasco Henríquez

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an ethnographic discussion surrounding the sociocultural dimensions of the contemporary economy, using the dynamics of monoculture expansion into the indigenous territories of South-Central Chile as an empirical reference.Design/methodology/approachFrom an ethnographic approach, the paper systematizes some ideas about the difference and inequality that have redrafted the current relationships between forestry companies and Mapuche communities within the context of international certification of forestry management.FindingsFindings indicate that difference and inequality, are today managed from global economic rationality and their control impacts directly on quotidian life of diverse and unequal territories. Considering this, this paper gets to conclude that these conditions, while never ceasing to deepen their expression, have been recrafted from the new references of the global economy.Research limitations/implicationsFor the critical ethnographic approach to be applied, it is necessary to design and implement wide access, which means this type of study usually has limitations when not being able to get to every scale of economic development. For this reason, it is important to keep the methodological discussion, about the ethnography of the economy.Originality/valueThe study puts in perspective intercultural relations and the inequality of territories in the framework of the global economy. Illustrates how the managing of the international market of wood and pulp design and insides in local quotidian life systems.

目的本文的目的是围绕当代经济的社会文化层面提出一个民族志讨论，以单一文化向智利中南部土著领土扩张的动态为经验参考。设计/方法论/方法从人种学的角度，本文系统化了一些关于差异和不平等的想法，这些想法在林业管理国际认证的背景下重新起草了林业公司和马普切社区之间的当前关系。研究结果表明，今天，差异和不平等是从全球经济理性的角度来管理的，它们的控制直接影响着不同和不平等地区的日常生活。考虑到这一点，本文得出结论，这些条件虽然从未停止深化其表达，但却是从全球经济的新参考中重新起草的。研究局限性/含义对于要应用的批判性人种学方法，有必要设计和实施广泛的获取途径，这意味着这种类型的研究在无法触及每一个经济发展规模时通常都有局限性。因此，保持关于经济民族志的方法论讨论是很重要的。原创性/价值该研究从全球经济的角度看待跨文化关系和领土不平等问题。说明如何管理国际市场的木材和纸浆设计和内部的当地日常生活系统。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges of network interaction in managing sustainable development projects in developing countries: case of an international consulting company 网络互动在发展中国家可持续发展项目管理中的挑战：以一家国际咨询公司为例

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-08-2020-0115

Olga Dziubaniuk, Maria Ivanova-Gongne, Ekaterina Berdysheva

PurposeThis study aims to explore the challenges and complexities of interaction in international stakeholder networks within the context of projects focused on the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In particular, it examines the challenges faced by stakeholders in a network from a developed country during interaction in the context of a developing country.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative approach, this study analyses interview data collected from the key managers of an international consulting company in charge of a water supply and sanitation project in Nepal. The primary data is triangulated with secondary data, such as project reports and related academic articles.FindingsThis study illustrates how interaction in international stakeholder networks affects and is interrelated with SDGs, as well as how aiming to achieve one specific goal can stimulate the implementation of other sustainable goals. Further, this research shows how project managers from a developed country had to adapt to the specifics of the developing country context and how their sustainability project influenced the well-being of local communities by improving environmental and social sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThe research suggests that challenges in stakeholder interaction may arise because of differences in process management methods used by the international stakeholders involved in the project and country-context specifics, such as corruption, imperfect national regulations, cultural specifics, effects of climate change, etc.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on international multi-stakeholder interaction between actors from developed and developing countries. Furthermore, it adds to the literature on stakeholder networking by highlighting the importance of engaging in a dialogue with local communities during the conceptualisation stages of both sustainability and SDG implementation because of diverging worldviews and practices.

目的本研究旨在探讨在专注于实现可持续发展目标的项目背景下，国际利益相关者网络互动的挑战和复杂性。特别是，它审查了发达国家网络中的利益攸关方在发展中国家背景下的互动过程中所面临的挑战。设计/方法/方法本研究采用定性方法，分析了从一家国际咨询公司负责尼泊尔供水和卫生项目的主要经理那里收集的访谈数据。初级数据与次级数据（如项目报告和相关学术文章）进行三角测量。发现这项研究说明了国际利益相关者网络中的互动如何影响可持续发展目标并与之相互关联，以及实现一个特定目标如何激励其他可持续目标的实施。此外，这项研究表明，发达国家的项目经理如何适应发展中国家的具体情况，以及他们的可持续性项目如何通过改善环境和社会可持续性来影响当地社区的福祉。研究局限性/含义研究表明，由于参与项目的国际利益相关者使用的过程管理方法和国家背景的具体情况存在差异，如腐败、不完善的国家法规、文化特点、气候变化的影响、，等。原创性/价值该论文为发达国家和发展中国家行为者之间的国际多方利益攸关方互动文献做出了贡献。此外，由于世界观和实践的分歧，它强调了在可持续性和可持续发展目标实施的概念化阶段与当地社区进行对话的重要性，从而增加了利益相关者网络的文献。

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引用次数: 4

International opportunity development of born global firms: the role of institutions 天生全球性公司的国际机会开发：机构的作用

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-02-2020-0013

Rubina Romanello, M. Karami, Stephan Gerschewski, N. Evers, Cici Xiao He

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the international opportunity development process of born global firms embedded in two different institutional contexts: China, an emerging economy and Italy, a developed country. Drawing on the entrepreneurial opportunity literature and institutional theory, this study explores and draws insights into how home country institutions of born globals can influence the international opportunity development process of the firms.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative case study approach with in-depth, semi-structured interviews of six born global companies from China and Italy. In doing so, this study uses a flexible pattern matching design, which is consistent with the qualitative research design of the paper.FindingsThe findings of the study indicate that home institutions play an influential, yet differential role in the international opportunity development processes of Chinese and Italian born global firms. While the Italian firms shape their opportunities mainly through product innovation, their Chinese counterparts develop opportunities primarily through networks embedded in their home institutional context.Originality/valueThe key contributions of the paper relate to an integrated analysis of the international opportunity development process of born globals in China and Italy based on institutional theory, which has received limited attention in the international entrepreneurship literature. In addition, the study advances the similarities and differences in the international opportunity development process in two different countries, thus providing valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners to enter international markets successfully.

目的本研究的目的是研究嵌入两个不同制度背景下的跨国公司的国际机会发展过程：中国是一个新兴经济体，意大利是一个发达国家。本研究借鉴创业机会文献和制度理论，探索并深入了解出生的全球化者的母国制度如何影响企业的国际机会发展过程。设计/方法论/方法本文采用定性案例研究的方法，对来自中国和意大利的六家出生的跨国公司进行了深入的半结构化访谈。在这样做的过程中，本研究采用了灵活的模式匹配设计，这与论文的定性研究设计相一致。研究结果表明，本土机构在中国和意大利出生的跨国公司的国际机会开发过程中发挥着有影响力但又不同的作用。虽然意大利公司主要通过产品创新来创造机会，但中国公司主要通过嵌入本国制度背景的网络来创造机会。原创性/价值本文的主要贡献涉及基于制度理论对中意出生的全球人才的国际机会发展过程进行综合分析，而这在国际创业文献中受到的关注有限。此外，该研究还揭示了两个不同国家在国际机会开发过程中的异同，从而为决策者和从业者成功进入国际市场提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 11

Social impact investing as a neoliberal construction: ego and altruism in the post-colonial space of Oaxaca, Mexico 作为新自由主义建构的社会影响投资:墨西哥瓦哈卡州后殖民空间中的自我与利他主义

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-05-2020-0036

F. Alvi

PurposeThis paper examines social impact investing (SII), a growing source of investment from the Global North to the Global South celebrated as a new way of doing good in low-income countries, but bearing elements of neoliberalism that can reify post-colonial contexts.Design/methodology/approachA microfoundational, autoethnographic approach is used based on the author’s experiences and emotional epiphanies while engaged in an activist entrepreneurial enterprise. The author’s goal was to effect positive social change with Indigenous Mexican producers of mezcal liquor.FindingsDespite the best of intentions and following best practices for SII, the expected altruistic outcomes were eclipsed by inadvertent post-colonial behaviours. Neoliberal foundations of financialization gave primacy to the perspectives and egos of the investors rather than meaningful impact for the Indigenous beneficiaries.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings, three areas are presented for further research. First, how Global North social impact investors balance the ego of their motivations with the altruism of intended outcomes for beneficiaries. Second, what ownership structures of Global North investments allow for social benefits to flow through to intended beneficiaries. Third, how post-colonial power imbalances can be redressed to give an equal position to Global South beneficiaries as people, rather than financial metrics indicating only that they have become less poor.Originality/valueBy using autoethnographic methods that expose the vulnerability of the researcher, unique insights are generated on what happens when good intentions meet with a post-colonial context. The neoliberal underbelly of SII is revealed, and ways to make improvements are considered.

本文研究了社会影响投资(SII)，这是从全球北方到全球南方的一种日益增长的投资来源，被誉为低收入国家做好事的新方式，但带有新自由主义的元素，可以具体化后殖民背景。设计/方法/方法一种微观基础的、自我民族志的方法是基于作者在从事积极创业企业时的经历和情感顿悟而使用的。作者的目标是影响积极的社会变革与土著墨西哥生产者的梅斯卡尔酒。尽管SII的初衷是最好的，并遵循了最佳实践，但预期的利他结果却被无意的后殖民行为所掩盖。金融化的新自由主义基础将投资者的观点和自我置于首位，而不是对土著受益者产生有意义的影响。根据研究结果，提出了三个有待进一步研究的领域。首先，全球北方社会影响投资者如何平衡其动机的自我主义与受益人预期结果的利他主义。其次，全球北方投资的所有权结构如何使社会利益流向预期的受益者。第三，如何纠正后殖民时期的权力不平衡，给予全球南方受益者平等的地位，而不是仅仅表明他们变得不那么贫穷的财务指标。独创性/价值通过使用暴露研究人员脆弱性的自我民族志方法，可以对良好意图与后殖民背景相遇时会发生什么产生独特的见解。揭示了SII的新自由主义弱点，并考虑了改进的方法。

{"title":"Social impact investing as a neoliberal construction: ego and altruism in the post-colonial space of Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"F. Alvi","doi":"10.1108/CPOIB-05-2020-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/CPOIB-05-2020-0036","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper examines social impact investing (SII), a growing source of investment from the Global North to the Global South celebrated as a new way of doing good in low-income countries, but bearing elements of neoliberalism that can reify post-colonial contexts.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A microfoundational, autoethnographic approach is used based on the author’s experiences and emotional epiphanies while engaged in an activist entrepreneurial enterprise. The author’s goal was to effect positive social change with Indigenous Mexican producers of mezcal liquor.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Despite the best of intentions and following best practices for SII, the expected altruistic outcomes were eclipsed by inadvertent post-colonial behaviours. Neoliberal foundations of financialization gave primacy to the perspectives and egos of the investors rather than meaningful impact for the Indigenous beneficiaries.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Based on the findings, three areas are presented for further research. First, how Global North social impact investors balance the ego of their motivations with the altruism of intended outcomes for beneficiaries. Second, what ownership structures of Global North investments allow for social benefits to flow through to intended beneficiaries. Third, how post-colonial power imbalances can be redressed to give an equal position to Global South beneficiaries as people, rather than financial metrics indicating only that they have become less poor.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000By using autoethnographic methods that expose the vulnerability of the researcher, unique insights are generated on what happens when good intentions meet with a post-colonial context. The neoliberal underbelly of SII is revealed, and ways to make improvements are considered.\u0000","PeriodicalId":46124,"journal":{"name":"Critical Perspectives on International Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46240636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

“Start-up Nation” vs “the Republic of Samsung”: power and politics in the partner choice discourse in Israeli–Korean business collaboration “初创国家”与“三星共和国”：以色列与韩国商业合作伙伴选择话语中的权力与政治

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-09-2019-0073

Irina Lyan

PurposeThis paper aims to propose to politicize partner choice as a discourse that rationalizes, legitimizes and justifies the choice of partners by underlining economic, cultural and institutional differences to (re)create power relations. By reconceptualizing partner choice as a discourse, the paper challenges the established view of partner choice according to international business and management studies as a rational and strategic behavior based on resource complementarity, best practices and win–win situations.Design/methodology/approachBased on the longitudinal study of Israeli–Korean business collaboration, which includes in-depth interviews, observations and media texts, this paper uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) to demystify partner choice as neither a neutral nor an objective behavior to unveil its discursive construction and embeddedness in power relations.FindingsThe actors on both sides of the Israeli–Korean business collaboration evoke resource complementary discourse between “Israeli innovation” and “Korean productivity” to rationalize their partner choice as a win–win situation. CDA demonstrates how both sides are engaged in a “borrowing” process from east-to-west and head-to-hands postcolonial images to (re)produce hierarchy between the parties. While east–west mapping remained almost unchallengeable, the reversal, crossing and blurring of the Israel-to-Korea knowledge transfer direction provides a counter-narrative to resource complementarity discourse.Originality/valueThe resource complementarity discourse supported by east–west mapping and “head–hands” justifications for partner choice reveals the lingering presence of postcolonial images, imagery and imagination. By taking two nations without substantial troubled memories, histories and relations, the paper broadens the picture beyond national contexts, emphasizing the importance of borrowing and translation from postcolonial vocabulary to non-colonial situations.

目的本文旨在提出将伙伴选择政治化，通过强调经济、文化和制度差异来（重新）创造权力关系，从而使伙伴选择合理化、合法化和正当化。通过将合作伙伴选择重新定义为一种话语，本文挑战了根据国际商业和管理研究确立的合作伙伴选择观，即基于资源互补、最佳实践和双赢情况的理性和战略行为。设计/方法论/方法基于对以色列-韩国商业合作的纵向研究，包括深入采访、观察和媒体文本，本文使用批判性话语分析（CDA）来揭开伙伴选择既不是中立行为也不是客观行为的神秘面纱，以揭示其在权力关系中的话语建构和嵌入性。发现以色列-韩国商业合作双方的参与者唤起了“以色列创新”和“韩国生产力”之间的资源互补话语，以将他们的合作伙伴选择合理化为双赢局面。CDA展示了双方如何参与从东到西的“借用”过程，以及如何正面交锋后殖民图像，以（重新）产生政党之间的等级制度。尽管东西方地图绘制几乎是不可挑战的，但以色列到韩国知识转移方向的逆转、交叉和模糊为资源互补性话语提供了一种反叙事。独创性/价值由东西方地图和选择伴侣的“头-手”理由支持的资源互补话语揭示了后殖民图像、意象和想象力的挥之不去。本文以两个没有实质性麻烦记忆、历史和关系的国家为例，将画面扩展到国家背景之外，强调了从后殖民词汇到非殖民情况的借用和翻译的重要性。

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引用次数: 1

How far are we from understanding corruption? The effect of cultural distance on corruption perception 我们离理解腐败还有多远?文化距离对腐败感知的影响

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-06-2020-0079

Mike Szymanski, Ivan Valdovinos, E. Kaltenecker

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between cultural distances between countries and their scores in the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), which is the most commonly used measure of corruption in international business (IB) research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied fixed-effect (generalized least squares) statistical modeling technique to analyze 1,580 year-country observations.FindingsThe authors found that the CPI score is determined to a large extent by cultural distances between countries, specifically the distance to the USA and to Denmark.Research limitations/implicationsCPI is often used as a sole measure of state-level corruption in IB research. The results show that the measure is significantly influenced by cultural differences and hence it should be applied with great caution, preferably augmented with other measures.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to look at cultural distances as determinants of CPI score. The authors empirically test whether the CPI is culturally biased.

目的本研究旨在检验国家之间的文化距离与其在腐败感知指数（CPI）中的得分之间的关系，CPI是国际商业研究中最常用的衡量腐败的指标。设计/方法论/方法作者应用固定效应（广义最小二乘）统计建模技术分析1580 年国别观察。研究结果作者发现，CPI得分在很大程度上是由国家之间的文化距离决定的，特别是与美国和丹麦的距离。研究局限性/含义CPI通常被用作IB研究中衡量州级腐败的唯一指标。结果表明，该措施受到文化差异的显著影响，因此应非常谨慎地应用，最好与其他措施相结合。原创性/价值据作者所知，这是第一项将文化距离视为CPI得分决定因素的研究。作者实证检验了CPI是否具有文化偏见。

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引用次数: 4

Reversal of language hierarchy and the politics of translation in a multinational corporation 语言等级制度的颠倒与跨国公司的翻译政治

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-06-2020-0086

Jonna Ristolainen, Virpi Outila, R. Piekkari

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the reversal of language hierarchy in a Finnish multinational corporation (MNC) from a political perspective. This paper situated the language hierarchy in the historical context of the colonial-style relationship between Finland and Russia. From a post-colonial perspective, the colonial legacy of Russia has had an influence on language strategy and everyday translation work in the Finnish multinational until the present day.Design/methodology/approachThis paper undertook a case study based on qualitative secondary analysis of existing data sets. These data sets originated from two previously conducted studies of the same Finnish MNC.FindingsThe findings revealed a reversal of the traditional corporate language hierarchy. Russian, as the host country language of powerful local subsidiaries, rose to the top of the hierarchy at the expense of English, the common corporate language, and other languages. The colonial-style relationship was enacted by professional and paraprofessional translators who collaborated by using “the master’s language and imitating the master’s voice” to reap the strategic benefits of local responsiveness.Originality/valueIn contrast to previous work drawing on post-colonial theory in the study of MNCs, this paper represents the headquarters in Finland as the “colonised” party and the Russian subsidiaries as the “coloniser.” Owing to its colonial legacy, Russian, the host country language, became very powerful and influenced the language strategy of the entire MNC. This paper conceptualized translation as a multilevel phenomenon and offers a holistic explanation of why the language hierarchy in the Finnish MNC was reversed.

目的本文的目的是从政治角度解释芬兰跨国公司语言等级制度的逆转。本文将语言等级制度置于芬兰和俄罗斯殖民风格关系的历史背景下。从后殖民主义的角度来看，直到今天，俄罗斯的殖民遗产一直影响着芬兰跨国公司的语言策略和日常翻译工作。设计/方法论/方法本文在对现有数据集进行定性二次分析的基础上进行了案例研究。这些数据来源于之前对同一芬兰跨国公司进行的两项研究。芬丁研究结果揭示了传统企业语言等级制度的逆转。俄语作为强大的当地子公司的东道国语言，以英语（通用公司语言）和其他语言为代价，上升到了层级的顶端。殖民风格的关系是由专业和准专业翻译人员建立的，他们通过使用“大师的语言和模仿大师的声音”进行合作，从当地的反应中获得战略利益。独创性/价值与以往在跨国公司研究中借鉴后殖民理论的工作不同，本文将芬兰总部视为“被殖民”的一方，将俄罗斯子公司视为“殖民者”。由于其殖民遗产，东道国语言俄语变得非常强大，并影响了整个跨国公司的语言战略。本文将翻译概念化为一种多层次的现象，并对芬兰跨国公司的语言等级制度发生逆转的原因进行了全面的解释。

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引用次数: 3

From Ebola to COVID-19: what explains institutionalized manias and the ultimate preference for non-optimal solutions in global health governance? 从埃博拉到新冠肺炎：是什么解释了制度化的狂热和全球卫生治理中对非最佳解决方案的最终偏好？

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1108/CPOIB-05-2020-0057

Frederick Ahen

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how “manias” in global health governance lead to health inequalities even before, during and in the aftermath of acute health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic “Manias” as used here refer to obsessive ir/rational behaviors, misguided policy/strategic choices and the exercise of power that benefit the major global health actors at the expense of stakeholders Design/methodology/approach: From post-colonial and historical perspectives, this study delineates how the major global health actors influence outcomes in global health governance and international business when they interact at the national–global level using an illustration from an emerging economy Findings: Power asymmetry in global health governance is constructed around the centralization of economic influence, medico-techno-scientific innovation and the geopolitical hegemony of a conglomerate of super-rich/powerful actors They cluster these powers and resources in the core region (industrialized economies) and use them to influence the periphery (developing economies) through international NGOs, hybrid organizations, MNCs and multilateral/bilateral agreements The power of actors to maintain manias lies in not only how they influence the periphery but also the consequences of the periphery’s “passivity” and “voluntary” renunciation of sovereignty in medical innovations and global health policies/politics Social implications: As a quintessential feature of manias, power asymmetry makes it harder for weaker actors to actually change the institutional conditions that produce structural inequalities in global health Originality/value: This timely and multidisciplinary study calls for a novel architecture of global health governance Thus, democratizing global health governance with sufficiently foresighted investments that prioritize equitable access by and the inclusiveness of vulnerable stakeholders will help dismantle institutionalized manias while decreasing health inequalities © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited

目的：本文的目的是调查全球卫生治理中的“狂热”如何在新冠肺炎大流行等急性卫生危机之前、期间和之后导致健康不平等，误导性的政策/战略选择和以牺牲利益相关者为代价使全球主要卫生行为者受益的权力行使设计/方法/方法：从后殖民主义和历史的角度来看，本研究以一个新兴经济体为例，描述了全球主要卫生行为者在国家-全球层面互动时如何影响全球卫生治理和国际商业的结果，医学技术科学创新和超级富豪/强大行为者集团的地缘政治霸权他们将这些权力和资源聚集在核心地区（工业化经济体），并利用它们通过国际非政府组织、混合组织、，跨国公司和多边/双边协议行动者维持躁狂的力量不仅在于他们如何影响外围国家，还在于外围国家在医疗创新和全球卫生政策/政治中“被动”和“自愿”放弃主权的后果社会影响：作为躁狂的一个典型特征，权力不对称使较弱的行为者更难真正改变导致全球卫生结构性不平等的制度条件。原创性/价值：这项及时的多学科研究呼吁建立一种新的全球卫生治理架构。因此，通过足够前瞻性的投资实现全球卫生治理的民主化，优先考虑弱势利益相关者的公平获取和包容性，将有助于消除制度化的狂热，同时减少健康不平等©2021，Emerald Publishing Limited

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引用次数: 5

International relationships and resilience of New Zealand SME exporters during COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病期间新西兰中小企业出口商的国际关系和韧性

IF 2 Q3 BUSINESS

Critical Perspectives on International Business

Pub Date : 2021-03-08 DOI: 10.1108/cpoib-05-2020-0061

Benjamin Fath, Antje Fiedler, Noemi Sinkovics, Rudolf R. Sinkovics, Bridgette Sullivan-Taylor

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically investigate how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have engaged with international network partners during COVID-19 and how the crisis has changed network relationships and resilience depending on pre-COVID relationship strength and, secondarily, on opportunity outlook in a market.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws on 14 qualitative interviews with managers of New Zealand SMEs from diverse industries and four with industry experts. Rather than generalization, the aim of this exploratory paper is to identify contingency factors, which, under duress, strengthen or break business relationships.

Findings

Four main patterns emerge from the data, with respect to how SMEs engaged with network partners depending on the nature of their prepandemic relationships and the extent to which their markets had been affected by the pandemic. During crisis, weak ties either break or remain weak, forcing firms to create new, potentially opportunistic, relationships. Strong ties increase resilience, even under a negative outlook, as network partners support each other, including through the development of new ties. Strong ties can also accelerate business model transformation.

Research limitations/implications

Future large-scale research is needed to test the generalizability of the authors’ findings.

Practical implications

The findings of this paper indicate lessons for business continuation management and future preparedness for major disruptions. Specific insights may help stimulate managerial action to accelerate contingency planning and policy to support SMEs.

Originality/value

This paper is an early study on how weak and strong ties influence SME resilience during crisis.

本文旨在实证调查中小企业(SMEs)在COVID-19期间如何与国际网络合作伙伴进行合作，以及危机如何根据COVID-19前的关系强度以及其次是市场机会前景改变网络关系和弹性。设计/方法/方法本文采用了对来自不同行业的新西兰中小企业经理的14次定性访谈和对行业专家的4次访谈。这篇探索性论文的目的不是泛化，而是确定在胁迫下加强或破坏业务关系的应急因素。关于中小企业如何根据其大流行病前关系的性质及其市场受大流行病影响的程度与网络伙伴进行接触，数据显示出四种主要模式。在危机期间，弱关系要么破裂，要么保持弱关系，迫使企业建立新的、潜在的机会主义关系。由于网络伙伴相互支持，包括通过发展新关系，牢固的联系可以增强韧性，即使在负面前景下也是如此。牢固的联系也能加速商业模式的转变。研究局限性/意义需要未来的大规模研究来检验作者研究结果的普遍性。实际意义本文的研究结果为业务延续管理和未来重大中断的准备提供了经验教训。具体的见解可能有助于激励管理层采取行动，加快应急计划和政策，以支持中小企业。独创性/价值本文是对弱纽带和强纽带如何影响中小企业危机应变能力的早期研究。

{"title":"International relationships and resilience of New Zealand SME exporters during COVID-19","authors":"Benjamin Fath, Antje Fiedler, Noemi Sinkovics, Rudolf R. Sinkovics, Bridgette Sullivan-Taylor","doi":"10.1108/cpoib-05-2020-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-05-2020-0061","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to empirically investigate how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have engaged with international network partners during COVID-19 and how the crisis has changed network relationships and resilience depending on pre-COVID relationship strength and, secondarily, on opportunity outlook in a market.</p>\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This paper draws on 14 qualitative interviews with managers of New Zealand SMEs from diverse industries and four with industry experts. Rather than generalization, the aim of this exploratory paper is to identify contingency factors, which, under duress, strengthen or break business relationships.</p>\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Four main patterns emerge from the data, with respect to how SMEs engaged with network partners depending on the nature of their prepandemic relationships and the extent to which their markets had been affected by the pandemic. During crisis, weak ties either break or remain weak, forcing firms to create new, potentially opportunistic, relationships. Strong ties increase resilience, even under a negative outlook, as network partners support each other, including through the development of new ties. Strong ties can also accelerate business model transformation.</p>\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>Future large-scale research is needed to test the generalizability of the authors’ findings.</p>\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The findings of this paper indicate lessons for business continuation management and future preparedness for major disruptions. Specific insights may help stimulate managerial action to accelerate contingency planning and policy to support SMEs.</p>\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This paper is an early study on how weak and strong ties influence SME resilience during crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46124,"journal":{"name":"Critical Perspectives on International Business","volume":"48 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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