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Into the Prodrome: Diagnosis, Disadvantage, and Biomedical Ambiguity 走进前驱体:诊断、劣势与生物医学歧义
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/2156869320912456
M. Halpin
Within the field of neuroscience, a new illness stage called the “prodrome” is being characterized. The prodrome is a symptomatic period that precedes an official diagnosis. Huntington Disease (HD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that has an extensively researched prodrome marked by psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. This paper provides a sociological investigation of the prodrome by analyzing 24 interviews with individuals with HD and 14 interviews with informal caregivers. I find that substantial disadvantages accompany the prodromal phase of HD, with the prodrome connected to: (1) inability to access healthcare, (2) inability to access health resources, (3) the depletion of personal resources, and (4) caregiver burden. Documentation of such disadvantages is important as prodromal phases are connected to a growing number of conditions. Study findings are discussed in relation to medicalization, as well as the tension between medical ambiguity and the organization of health institutions.
在神经科学领域,一种被称为“前驱症状”的新疾病阶段正在被表征。前驱症状是官方诊断之前的症状期。亨廷顿舞蹈症(HD)是一种神经精神疾病,其前驱症状以精神和认知症状为特征,已被广泛研究。本文通过分析对HD患者的24次访谈和对非正式照顾者的14次访谈,对前驱症状进行了社会学调查。我发现HD的前驱期存在很大的缺点,前驱期与以下因素有关:(1)无法获得医疗保健,(2)无法获得卫生资源,(3)个人资源耗尽,以及(4)护理人员负担。记录这些缺点很重要,因为前驱期与越来越多的疾病有关。研究结果讨论了与医疗化的关系,以及医疗模糊性与卫生机构组织之间的紧张关系。
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引用次数: 4
Perceived Distributive Unfairness and Mental Health: The Gender-contingent Buffering Effects of Religion 感知分配不公平与心理健康:宗教的性别缓冲效应
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.1177/2156869320978793
J. Jung
Prior research has established that perceived distributive unfairness is associated with poor mental health. The purpose of this study is to examine whether religion moderates this association and whether gender conditions the moderating effects of religion. Using data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey (N = 1,375), the current analyses show that perceived distributive unfairness is positively associated with depression. However, each of the two indicators of religion—religious attendance and salience—weakens the positive association between perceived distributive unfairness and depression among women, but not men. These observations suggest that religion provides a stress-buffering effect against perceived distributive unfairness only for women. Thus, the findings of this study highlight the gendered ways that religion shapes the association between perceived distributive unfairness and mental health. I discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for views about the complex interrelationships among stress, coping resources, gender, and mental health.
先前的研究已经证实,感知到的分配不公平与心理健康状况不佳有关。本研究的目的是检验宗教是否调节这种联系,以及性别是否影响宗教的调节作用。使用2012年韩国综合社会调查(N=1375)的数据,目前的分析表明,感知到的分配不公平与抑郁症呈正相关。然而,宗教的两个指标——宗教出席率和显著性——中的每一个都削弱了女性(而不是男性)感知到的分配不公平与抑郁之间的积极联系。这些观察结果表明,宗教只为女性提供了一种缓解压力的作用,以对抗人们认为的分配不公平。因此,这项研究的结果强调了宗教塑造感知到的分配不公平与心理健康之间联系的性别方式。我讨论了这些发现对压力、应对资源、性别和心理健康之间复杂相互关系的理论意义。
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引用次数: 5
Couple-Level Minority Stress and Mental Health among People in Same-Sex Relationships: Extending Minority Stress Theory 同性伴侣层面的少数派压力与心理健康:少数派压力理论的延伸
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/2156869319884724
A. LeBlanc, D. Frost
We simultaneously examined the effects of individual- and couple-level minority stressors on mental health among people in same-sex relationships. Individual-level minority stressors emerge from the stigmatization of sexual minority individuals; couple-level minority stressors emerge from the stigmatization of same-sex relationships. Dyadic data from 100 same-sex couples from across the United States were analyzed with actor–partner interdependence models. Couple-level stigma was uniquely associated with nonspecific psychological distress, depressive symptomatology, and problematic drinking, net the effects of individual-level stigma and relevant sociodemographic controls. Analyses also show that couple-level minority stress played unique roles in critical stress processes of minority stress proliferation: minority stress expansion and minority stress contagion. The inclusion of couple-level stress constructs represents a useful extension of minority stress theory, enriching our capacity to deepen understandings of minority stress experience and its application in the study of well-being and health inequalities faced by vulnerable populations.
我们同时研究了个体和夫妻层面的少数压力源对同性关系中人们心理健康的影响。个体层面的少数群体压力源来自性少数群体个体的污名化;夫妻层面的少数族裔压力源来自于对同性关系的污名化。来自美国各地的100对同性伴侣的双元数据用行为者-伴侣相互依赖模型进行了分析。夫妻层面的病耻感与非特异性心理困扰、抑郁症状和酗酒问题相关,个体层面的病耻感和相关的社会人口学控制的影响无关。分析还表明,在少数群体应力扩散的关键应力过程——少数群体应力扩展和少数群体应力传染过程中,夫妇水平的少数群体应力发挥了独特的作用。纳入夫妻层面的压力结构是对少数群体压力理论的有益扩展,丰富了我们加深对少数群体压力经验的理解及其在弱势群体面临的福祉和健康不平等研究中的应用。
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引用次数: 18
The Effects of Family Transitions on Depressive Symptoms: Differences among Young Adults with and without Childhood Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder. 家庭变故对抑郁症状的影响:有和没有儿童期注意力缺陷/多动症症状的年轻人之间的差异。
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Epub Date: 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.1177/2156869319859402
Rhiannon A Kroeger, Debra Umberson, Daniel A Powers, Danequa L Forrest

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is tied to higher levels of depression, but the social factors that shape these associations are not well understood. This study considers whether family transitions affect depressive symptoms differently for young adults with and without childhood symptoms of ADHD at subthreshold or diagnostic levels. Between-within regression analysis of nationally representative longitudinal survey data shows that transitions into cohabitation and parenthood affect depressive symptoms differently for young adults with and without childhood symptoms of ADHD. Specifically, within-person effects indicate that transitions into cohabitation and parenthood are tied to decreases in depressive symptoms, but only for young adults without childhood symptoms of ADHD. In contrast, transitions into marriage are tied to decreases in depressive symptoms, and transitions out of coresidential unions are tied to increases in depressive symptoms, regardless of childhood symptoms of ADHD. The results suggest that some family transitions may work to widen ADHD disparities in depression, under-scoring the importance of family contexts for shaping mental health throughout the life course.

注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)与抑郁程度较高有关,但形成这种关联的社会因素还不十分清楚。本研究探讨了家庭变迁是否会对患有和未患有儿童多动症症状的年轻人的抑郁症状产生不同的影响。对具有全国代表性的纵向调查数据进行的人与人之间回归分析表明,对于有和没有儿童多动症症状的年轻人来说,同居和为人父母的转变对抑郁症状的影响是不同的。具体来说,人内效应表明,过渡到同居和为人父母与抑郁症状的减少有关,但仅限于没有儿童多动症状的年轻人。与此相反,无论童年是否有多动症状,过渡到婚姻与抑郁症状的减少有关,而过渡到同居与抑郁症状的增加有关。研究结果表明,某些家庭变迁可能会扩大多动症在抑郁症方面的差异,从而低估了家庭环境在整个生命过程中塑造心理健康的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Immigration, Visible-Minority Status, Gender, and Depression 移民、少数族裔地位、性别和抑郁
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/2156869319856930
Shirin Montazer
This study examines if the association between length of residence and mental health—as measured by depression—of immigrants post-arrival in the host country is altered by visible-minority status and gender among a sample of immigrants to Toronto, Canada, as compared to the native-born. The analytic sample excluded refugees. Of the 1,911 adults included, 23 percent were foreign-born. Adjusted multivariate results indicate a significant and positive association between depression and length of residence in the host country—but only among visible-minority immigrant men as compared to Canadian-born men. The positive association between depression and length of residence among visible-minority immigrant men is found to be due to a parallel rise in perceived discrimination and the experience of anger with tenure in the host country.
在加拿大多伦多的移民样本中,与本地出生的移民相比,本研究考察了移民抵达东道国后,居住时间与心理健康(通过抑郁来衡量)之间的关系是否会因少数族裔身份和性别而改变。分析样本排除了难民。在调查的1911名成年人中,23%是在外国出生的。调整后的多变量结果表明,与加拿大出生的男性相比,抑郁与在东道国居住的时间长短之间存在显著的正相关关系,但仅在少数族裔移民男性中存在。研究发现,在少数族裔移民男性中,抑郁与居住时间长短之间的正相关,是由于他们在东道国感受到的歧视和对居住期限的愤怒同时增加。
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引用次数: 4
College Selectivity, Subjective Social Status, and Mental Health in Young Adulthood 大学选择性、主观社会地位与青少年心理健康
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/2156869319869401
J. Uecker, L. Wilkinson
Research on education and mental health has focused primarily on the benefits of higher levels of educational attainment. Other aspects of education, such as college selectivity, may also be associated with mental health, and higher subjective social status (SSS) is a potential pathway through which college selectivity and mental health could be linked. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study (a) examines whether college selectivity influences mental health independent of objective measures of socioeconomic status and (b) assesses the role of SSS in this relationship. Among college graduates, attending a more selective college is associated with higher ratings of SSS, which in turn are associated with fewer depressive symptoms and lower perceived stress and anxiety. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of college selectivity and SSS in the mental health of young adults.
关于教育和心理健康的研究主要集中在较高教育水平的好处上。教育的其他方面,如大学选择性,也可能与心理健康有关,而更高的主观社会地位(SSS)是将大学选择性与心理健康联系起来的潜在途径。本研究利用国家青少年与成人健康纵向研究的数据,(a)独立于社会经济地位的客观衡量标准,考察大学选择性是否影响心理健康,(b)评估SSS在这种关系中的作用。在大学毕业生中,上选择性更强的大学与更高的SSS评分有关,而SSS评分又与更少的抑郁症状和更低的压力和焦虑感有关。这些发现有助于我们理解大学选择性和SSS在年轻人心理健康中的作用。
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引用次数: 7
Editorial Acknowledgment of Ad Hoc Reviewers 特设审稿人的编辑致谢
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/2156869320965885
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引用次数: 0
Does Relative Deprivation within Schools Influence Adolescent Depression? 学校内的相对剥夺会影响青少年抑郁吗?
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/2156869320959396
Jinho Kim
Research on relative deprivation (RD) and health has focused primarily on adult populations. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines the link between RD and adolescent depression and is the first to test the mechanisms that underlie this relationship. This study finds that controlling for school fixed effects, family income, and observed characteristics of students and their families, students with higher RD within schools exhibit more depressive symptoms. This study also considers how RD may influence adolescent depression. Sobel-Goodman mediation tests reveal that a combination of lowered self-esteem and future expectations (especially about educational attainment) explains nearly half of the association between RD and adolescent depression. Results of this study suggest that social inequality and stratification may implicate population health in the next generation through socioeconomic stratification within schools.
关于相对剥夺和健康的研究主要集中在成年人身上。利用青少年到成人健康的国家纵向研究,这项研究检验了RD和青少年抑郁症之间的联系,并且是第一个测试这种关系背后的机制。本研究发现,在控制学校固定效应、家庭收入、学生及其家庭观察特征后,校内RD越高的学生表现出更多的抑郁症状。本研究还考虑了RD如何影响青少年抑郁。索贝尔-古德曼调解测试显示,自尊心降低和对未来的期望(尤其是对受教育程度的期望)的结合解释了RD和青少年抑郁症之间近一半的关联。本研究结果表明,社会不平等和分层可能通过学校内部的社会经济分层影响下一代的人口健康。
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引用次数: 7
Disentangling Mental Illness Labeling Effects from Treatment Effects on Well-Being 精神疾病标签效应与治疗对幸福感的影响
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/2156869320949598
P. Thoits
The emerging field of Mad Studies has returned attention to deficiencies of the medical model, refocusing scholars on social causes of mental health problems and on consumers’/survivors’ experiences of labeling and stigma. These themes echo issues addressed in traditional and modified labeling theories. A fundamental labeling premise is that professional categorization as “mentally ill” is a major determinant of individuals’ poorer psychological well-being. However, this relationship has not been tested appropriately because past studies frequently measured formal labeling by a person’s involvement in treatment. Treatment involvement can indicate the receipt of potentially beneficial services or harmful categorization with a stigmatizing label. Independent measures of these constructs in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication enable reexamining traditional and modified labeling hypotheses for individuals with (N = 1,255) and without (N = 4,172) a recurrent clinical disorder. Supporting labeling theory’s central proposition, formal labeling was linked to more negative affect and disability days in both groups. These relationships were not spurious products of preexisting serious symptoms, refuting a psychiatric explanation. Treatment involvement effects differed noticeably between the groups, underscoring the need to keep treatment and labeling measures distinct.
新兴的疯狂研究领域重新关注了医学模式的不足,使学者们重新关注心理健康问题的社会原因以及消费者/幸存者的标签和污名体验。这些主题呼应了传统和改良标签理论中所涉及的问题。一个基本的标签前提是,职业分类为“精神病患者”是个人心理健康状况较差的主要决定因素。然而,这种关系并没有得到适当的检验,因为过去的研究经常通过一个人参与治疗来衡量正式的标签。参与治疗可能表明接受了潜在的有益服务或带有污名化标签的有害分类。在国家共病调查复制中对这些结构的独立测量使得能够重新检查患有(N=1255)和没有(N=4172)复发性临床疾病的个体的传统和修改的标记假设。支持标签理论的中心命题,正式标签与两组中更多的负面影响和残疾天数有关。这些关系并不是先前存在的严重症状的虚假产物,反驳了精神病学的解释。两组之间的治疗参与效果明显不同,强调需要保持治疗和标签措施的区别。
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引用次数: 5
Financial Strain and Psychological Distress: Do Strains in the Work-Family Interface Mediate the Effects? 财务压力和心理困扰:工作-家庭界面的压力是否介导了影响?
IF 5.1 1区 社会学 Q1 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/2156869320947463
Lei Chai, Scott Schieman, A. Bierman
Analyzing three waves of the Canadian Work Stress and Health Study with cross-lagged models, we asked: (1) How do two distinct directions of strain in the work-family interface—work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict—mediate the relationship between financial strain and psychological distress? and (2) Is reverse causality a possibility in these dynamics? Our results indicate that work-to-family conflict at Wave 2 mediates the relationship between financial strain at Wave 1 and distress at Wave 3, but family-to-work conflict does not function as a mediator. Financial strain is therefore indirectly associated with subsequently higher levels of distress. In tests for reverse causality, we found little evidence that distress is associated with subsequently higher levels of financial strain—and neither work-to-family conflict nor family-to-work conflict at Wave 2 mediates that relationship. We interpret our findings within the conceptual and empirical ideas associated with stress proliferation, social causation, and social selection/drift.
利用交叉滞后模型分析了加拿大工作压力与健康研究的三波,我们问道:(1)工作与家庭界面中两个不同的压力方向——工作与家庭的冲突和家庭与工作的冲突——如何调节经济压力和心理困扰之间的关系?以及(2)在这些动力学中,反向因果关系是否有可能?我们的研究结果表明,第二波的工作与家庭冲突调解了第1波的经济压力和第3波的痛苦之间的关系,但家庭与工作的冲突并不能起到中介作用。因此,财务压力与随后更高程度的痛苦间接相关。在反向因果关系的测试中,我们几乎没有发现任何证据表明,痛苦与随后更高水平的经济压力有关——第二波的工作与家庭冲突和家庭与工作冲突都没有调解这种关系。我们在与压力扩散、社会因果关系和社会选择/漂移相关的概念和经验思想中解释我们的发现。
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引用次数: 10
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Society and Mental Health
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