Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1177/21568693251315167
Kelsey Shaulis
Women were the driving force behind the expansion of higher education in the United States. Their rise in enrollment developed alongside a rapid increase in educational expectations. This study explores the question of how these landmark shifts in women's expanded expectations, attainment, and the (mis)alignment of the two have influenced mental health now that these women have entered midlife. Using data from the sophomore cohort of the 1980 High School and Beyond (HS&B:So) study through its 2014 midlife follow-up, results show that for women in the sophomore cohort (n = 2,010), exceeding educational expectations is significantly associated with an increase in experiencing serious mental illness in midlife compared to meeting or missing educational expectations. These results suggest that overachieving educational expectations carry distinct psychological consequences.
{"title":"Midlife Women's Misaligned Educational Expectations and Serious Mental Illness.","authors":"Kelsey Shaulis","doi":"10.1177/21568693251315167","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21568693251315167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women were the driving force behind the expansion of higher education in the United States. Their rise in enrollment developed alongside a rapid increase in educational expectations. This study explores the question of how these landmark shifts in women's expanded expectations, attainment, and the (mis)alignment of the two have influenced mental health now that these women have entered midlife. Using data from the sophomore cohort of the 1980 High School and Beyond (HS&B:So) study through its 2014 midlife follow-up, results show that for women in the sophomore cohort (<i>n</i> = 2,010), exceeding educational expectations is significantly associated with an increase in experiencing serious mental illness in midlife compared to meeting or missing educational expectations. These results suggest that overachieving educational expectations carry distinct psychological consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1177/21568693241300133
Rachel Donnelly, Whitney Frierson, Zhe Zhang, Courtney E Boen
Financial hardship was pervasive during the COVID-19 pandemic, with adverse consequences for mental health. However, access to state-level paid sick leave during the pandemic had the potential to reduce the mental health burden of financial hardship-a possibility that has not been tested in prior research. Using nationally representative survey data on more than 1.7 million individuals from the Household Pulse Survey (August 2020 to November 2022) merged with state-level data on paid sick leave policies, we estimated a battery of two-way fixed-effects linear probability models to examine whether paid leave policies buffered the association between financial hardship and depression and anxiety risks. Results show that experiencing financial hardship increased depression and anxiety risks but that the mental health consequences of financial hardship were dampened for respondents living in a state with an active paid sick leave policy. Moreover, because racially minoritized adults, women, transgender adults, and less-educated adults were more likely to experience financial hardship over the period, our study highlights the potential for paid leave policies to reduce population inequities in mental health. We point to paid sick leave policies as an important macro-level determinant of mental health with especially salient mental health consequences for marginalized groups.
{"title":"State-Level Paid Sick Leave Policies and Population Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.","authors":"Rachel Donnelly, Whitney Frierson, Zhe Zhang, Courtney E Boen","doi":"10.1177/21568693241300133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693241300133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Financial hardship was pervasive during the COVID-19 pandemic, with adverse consequences for mental health. However, access to state-level paid sick leave during the pandemic had the potential to reduce the mental health burden of financial hardship-a possibility that has not been tested in prior research. Using nationally representative survey data on more than 1.7 million individuals from the Household Pulse Survey (August 2020 to November 2022) merged with state-level data on paid sick leave policies, we estimated a battery of two-way fixed-effects linear probability models to examine whether paid leave policies buffered the association between financial hardship and depression and anxiety risks. Results show that experiencing financial hardship increased depression and anxiety risks but that the mental health consequences of financial hardship were dampened for respondents living in a state with an active paid sick leave policy. Moreover, because racially minoritized adults, women, transgender adults, and less-educated adults were more likely to experience financial hardship over the period, our study highlights the potential for paid leave policies to reduce population inequities in mental health. We point to paid sick leave policies as an important macro-level determinant of mental health with especially salient mental health consequences for marginalized groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1177/21568693241300627
Terrence D Hill, Pui Yin Cheung, David S Curtis, Yehua D Wei, Laura Upenieks, Ming Wen
Although researchers have consistently linked structural neighborhood disadvantage with poorer mental health, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, we test whether the association between structural neighborhood disadvantage and psychological distress is mediated by perceived neighborhood disorder and divine struggles. Using longitudinal national survey data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2 and 3) study (n = 2,083), we employed structural equation modeling and marginal models with unstructured covariances. Our mediation analysis confirmed the indirect effect of neighborhood structural disadvantage (concentrated socioeconomic disadvantage) on psychological distress (depression and anxiety) through perceived neighborhood disorder (perceptions of neighborhood safety and the built environment) and divine struggles (strained relations with God). Our results build on previous work by demonstrating that divine struggles may play a role in explaining why living in a neighborhood that is characterized by structural disadvantage and disorder is often associated with poorer mental health.
{"title":"Neighborhood Context, Divine Struggles, and Psychological Distress.","authors":"Terrence D Hill, Pui Yin Cheung, David S Curtis, Yehua D Wei, Laura Upenieks, Ming Wen","doi":"10.1177/21568693241300627","DOIUrl":"10.1177/21568693241300627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although researchers have consistently linked structural neighborhood disadvantage with poorer mental health, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, we test whether the association between structural neighborhood disadvantage and psychological distress is mediated by perceived neighborhood disorder and divine struggles. Using longitudinal national survey data from the <i>Midlife in the United States</i> (MIDUS 2 and 3) study (n = 2,083), we employed structural equation modeling and marginal models with unstructured covariances. Our mediation analysis confirmed the indirect effect of neighborhood structural disadvantage (concentrated socioeconomic disadvantage) on psychological distress (depression and anxiety) through perceived neighborhood disorder (perceptions of neighborhood safety and the built environment) and divine struggles (strained relations with God). Our results build on previous work by demonstrating that divine struggles may play a role in explaining why living in a neighborhood that is characterized by structural disadvantage and disorder is often associated with poorer mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12582378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1177/21568693241258825
Mary Gallagher
Research finds that discrepancies between individuals’ self-views and their perceptions of how others view them decrease psychological well-being. According to identity theory, certain characteristics of identities may exacerbate the impact of discrepancy on well-being, while stress process theory suggests they may have the opposite, weakening effect. Using telephone survey data from a national probability sample of adults, I investigate whether several identity characteristics—subjective importance of an identity (prominence), extensiveness (interactional commitment) and intensiveness of ties (affective commitment) to others that are based on an identity, and the potential costs of failing to fulfill the role obligations of an identity (role-based commitment)—moderate associations between discrepancy and well-being (depressive symptoms and self-esteem) in two types of identities (obligatory and voluntary). I find that identity commitment buffers the effects of discrepancy in obligatory identities and exacerbates the effects of discrepancy in voluntary identities. Implications of these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Identity Characteristics as Moderators of Discrepancy on Well-being","authors":"Mary Gallagher","doi":"10.1177/21568693241258825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693241258825","url":null,"abstract":"Research finds that discrepancies between individuals’ self-views and their perceptions of how others view them decrease psychological well-being. According to identity theory, certain characteristics of identities may exacerbate the impact of discrepancy on well-being, while stress process theory suggests they may have the opposite, weakening effect. Using telephone survey data from a national probability sample of adults, I investigate whether several identity characteristics—subjective importance of an identity (prominence), extensiveness (interactional commitment) and intensiveness of ties (affective commitment) to others that are based on an identity, and the potential costs of failing to fulfill the role obligations of an identity (role-based commitment)—moderate associations between discrepancy and well-being (depressive symptoms and self-esteem) in two types of identities (obligatory and voluntary). I find that identity commitment buffers the effects of discrepancy in obligatory identities and exacerbates the effects of discrepancy in voluntary identities. Implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1177/21568693241242400
Heeyoung Lee, Seong-Jo Jeong
Previous studies on the coming out and the mental health of sexual minorities have often overlooked experiences in non-Western societies and the various patterns of coming out within the immediate families. Using the most recent and comprehensive data on 2,381 LGB youths in South Korea, this study examined whether different patterns of coming out to family members are related to different levels of depression and whether these relationships differ between men (gay and bisexual man) and women (lesbian and bisexual woman). Contrary to the prevalent view of coming out as a universally liberating process, our findings indicate that coming out to family is related to increased depressive symptoms in South Korea. Moreover, this coming out stress shows a gendered pattern. Among sexual minority men, compared with those who did not come out, youths who came out to everyone, mother and father, and only siblings report a higher depression level. Being bisexual among men did not provide any protective effect. In contrast, there is no difference observed across coming out patterns among sexual minority women. These findings highlight the importance of considering to whom and in what cultural contexts one comes out to understand the mental health of sexual minorities.
{"title":"Gender Differences in the Relationship between Coming Out as LGB to Family and Depression in South Korea","authors":"Heeyoung Lee, Seong-Jo Jeong","doi":"10.1177/21568693241242400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693241242400","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on the coming out and the mental health of sexual minorities have often overlooked experiences in non-Western societies and the various patterns of coming out within the immediate families. Using the most recent and comprehensive data on 2,381 LGB youths in South Korea, this study examined whether different patterns of coming out to family members are related to different levels of depression and whether these relationships differ between men (gay and bisexual man) and women (lesbian and bisexual woman). Contrary to the prevalent view of coming out as a universally liberating process, our findings indicate that coming out to family is related to increased depressive symptoms in South Korea. Moreover, this coming out stress shows a gendered pattern. Among sexual minority men, compared with those who did not come out, youths who came out to everyone, mother and father, and only siblings report a higher depression level. Being bisexual among men did not provide any protective effect. In contrast, there is no difference observed across coming out patterns among sexual minority women. These findings highlight the importance of considering to whom and in what cultural contexts one comes out to understand the mental health of sexual minorities.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.1177/21568693241241296
Martha Morales Hernandez, Josefina Flores Morales, Laura E. Enriquez
Research has established that legal vulnerability has detrimental consequences for the mental health of undocumented individuals. The purpose of our study is to consider how practicing agency is associated with mental health in the face of such structural marginalization. To meet this goal, we conceptualize actions taken to resist structural inequality as acts of resistance to center immigrants’ agency in navigating and contesting their marginalization. Drawing on survey data with California undocumented college students, we examine to what extent engaging in three acts of resistance is associated with depression and anxiety symptomatology. We find that students with higher rates of political engagement and critical consciousness raising report higher depression and anxiety symptomatology. Findings suggest that structural approaches to studying mental health must also consider immigrants’ agency and efforts to navigate, respond to, and challenge their marginalization.
{"title":"Centering Agency: Examining the Relationship between Acts of Resistance, Anxiety, and Depression Among Undocumented College Students","authors":"Martha Morales Hernandez, Josefina Flores Morales, Laura E. Enriquez","doi":"10.1177/21568693241241296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693241241296","url":null,"abstract":"Research has established that legal vulnerability has detrimental consequences for the mental health of undocumented individuals. The purpose of our study is to consider how practicing agency is associated with mental health in the face of such structural marginalization. To meet this goal, we conceptualize actions taken to resist structural inequality as acts of resistance to center immigrants’ agency in navigating and contesting their marginalization. Drawing on survey data with California undocumented college students, we examine to what extent engaging in three acts of resistance is associated with depression and anxiety symptomatology. We find that students with higher rates of political engagement and critical consciousness raising report higher depression and anxiety symptomatology. Findings suggest that structural approaches to studying mental health must also consider immigrants’ agency and efforts to navigate, respond to, and challenge their marginalization.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1177/21568693241232410
Jinho Kim, Gum-Ryeong Park
This study examines the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to social isolation and life satisfaction and whether this association differs by gender. Using seven waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2018 (3,543 adults aged 65 or older), fixed effects models were estimated. Cumulative social isolation was longitudinally associated with a decline in life satisfaction in older adults. Gender-specific analyses revealed that older women exposed to cumulative social isolation continued to experience a decline in life satisfaction up to the fourth and subsequent waves of exposure (relative to the initial wave in which there was no social isolation; b = −13.038, p < .001). In contrast, a decline in life satisfaction associated with cumulative social isolation was less pronounced among older men ( b = −6.200 for the fourth and subsequent waves of exposure, p < .05). Cumulative social isolation can be a persistent risk factor for life satisfaction in older adults, particularly older women. The study’s findings hold important implications for programs aimed at reducing social isolation and improving psychological well-being among older adults.
本研究探讨了社会隔离的累积暴露与生活满意度之间的纵向关联，以及这种关联是否因性别而异。利用韩国老龄化纵向研究（Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging）从 2006 年到 2018 年的七次波次（3,543 名 65 岁或以上的成年人），对固定效应模型进行了估计。累积性社会隔离与老年人生活满意度的下降存在纵向关联。针对不同性别的分析表明，受到累积性社会隔离影响的老年妇女的生活满意度会持续下降，直到第四波及随后的波次（相对于没有社会隔离的最初波次；b = -13.038，p <.001）。相比之下，与累积性社会隔离相关的生活满意度下降在老年男性中不那么明显（第四波和随后的接触波的b = -6.200，p <.05）。累积性社会隔离可能是影响老年人，尤其是老年妇女生活满意度的一个持续性风险因素。研究结果对旨在减少社会隔离和改善老年人心理健康的计划具有重要意义。
{"title":"Cumulative Exposure to Social Isolation and Longitudinal Changes in Life Satisfaction among Older Adults","authors":"Jinho Kim, Gum-Ryeong Park","doi":"10.1177/21568693241232410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693241232410","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to social isolation and life satisfaction and whether this association differs by gender. Using seven waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2018 (3,543 adults aged 65 or older), fixed effects models were estimated. Cumulative social isolation was longitudinally associated with a decline in life satisfaction in older adults. Gender-specific analyses revealed that older women exposed to cumulative social isolation continued to experience a decline in life satisfaction up to the fourth and subsequent waves of exposure (relative to the initial wave in which there was no social isolation; b = −13.038, p < .001). In contrast, a decline in life satisfaction associated with cumulative social isolation was less pronounced among older men ( b = −6.200 for the fourth and subsequent waves of exposure, p < .05). Cumulative social isolation can be a persistent risk factor for life satisfaction in older adults, particularly older women. The study’s findings hold important implications for programs aimed at reducing social isolation and improving psychological well-being among older adults.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1177/21568693231213094
Carlyn E. Graham, Gabriele Ciciurkaite
Literature indicates that subjective social status (SSS) is a robust predictor of health outcomes net of objective social status (OSS). However, research that has considered gender in the relationship between SSS and health is limited. Using 2016–2018 data from the Wave V biomarker sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we investigate the relationship between SSS and two health outcomes—allostatic load and depressive symptoms—and the moderating role of gender in these relationships among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (ages 33–44 years) ( n = 5,269). We find that SSS is inversely associated with both allostatic load and depressive symptoms, net of OSS. Moreover, we find that gender significantly moderates the SSS-allostatic load relationship but not the SSS-depressive symptoms relationship. Specifically, SSS has a greater impact on allostatic load among women than men. Future research should explore the underlying psychosocial mechanisms that contribute to these gender differences.
{"title":"Subjective Social Status as a Predictor of Physical and Mental Health among Early Midlife Adults in the United States: Appraising the Role of Gender","authors":"Carlyn E. Graham, Gabriele Ciciurkaite","doi":"10.1177/21568693231213094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693231213094","url":null,"abstract":"Literature indicates that subjective social status (SSS) is a robust predictor of health outcomes net of objective social status (OSS). However, research that has considered gender in the relationship between SSS and health is limited. Using 2016–2018 data from the Wave V biomarker sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we investigate the relationship between SSS and two health outcomes—allostatic load and depressive symptoms—and the moderating role of gender in these relationships among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (ages 33–44 years) ( n = 5,269). We find that SSS is inversely associated with both allostatic load and depressive symptoms, net of OSS. Moreover, we find that gender significantly moderates the SSS-allostatic load relationship but not the SSS-depressive symptoms relationship. Specifically, SSS has a greater impact on allostatic load among women than men. Future research should explore the underlying psychosocial mechanisms that contribute to these gender differences.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138589405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/21568693231213089
Jan E. Stets, Emily Angelo, Benjamin C. Fields, Peter J. Burke
COVID-19 marked a change in social life that disrupted interaction, including people’s ability to verify their identities. We examine how identity nonverification associated with COVID-19 exposure helps us understand some of the psychological distress individuals experienced. We assess the relationship between identity nonverification and depression and anxiety, controlling for respondents’ prior depression and anxiety and prior nonverification (both retrospectively obtained), their background characteristics, COVID-19 exposure, and coping strategies during the pandemic. We analyzed a U.S. sample of 620 respondents one year into the pandemic. Respondents indicated the identity they felt was most negatively affected by the pandemic. We studied the four most frequently mentioned identities (friend, romantic, family, and worker identities) across respondents and across four racial/ethnic groups (Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). We found that exposure to COVID-19 was positively associated with (1) identity nonverification based on self-appraisals, (2) the coping strategy of disengagement, and (3) depression and anxiety. Unexpectedly, COVID-19 was negatively associated with identity nonverification based on reflected appraisals. In turn, identity nonverification based on self- and reflected appraisals was positively related to depression and anxiety, as was the disengagement coping strategy. There was little variation in the results across the four identities or the racial/ethnic groups.
{"title":"Identity Nonverification, Coping, and Depression and Anxiety during the Pandemic","authors":"Jan E. Stets, Emily Angelo, Benjamin C. Fields, Peter J. Burke","doi":"10.1177/21568693231213089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693231213089","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 marked a change in social life that disrupted interaction, including people’s ability to verify their identities. We examine how identity nonverification associated with COVID-19 exposure helps us understand some of the psychological distress individuals experienced. We assess the relationship between identity nonverification and depression and anxiety, controlling for respondents’ prior depression and anxiety and prior nonverification (both retrospectively obtained), their background characteristics, COVID-19 exposure, and coping strategies during the pandemic. We analyzed a U.S. sample of 620 respondents one year into the pandemic. Respondents indicated the identity they felt was most negatively affected by the pandemic. We studied the four most frequently mentioned identities (friend, romantic, family, and worker identities) across respondents and across four racial/ethnic groups (Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians). We found that exposure to COVID-19 was positively associated with (1) identity nonverification based on self-appraisals, (2) the coping strategy of disengagement, and (3) depression and anxiety. Unexpectedly, COVID-19 was negatively associated with identity nonverification based on reflected appraisals. In turn, identity nonverification based on self- and reflected appraisals was positively related to depression and anxiety, as was the disengagement coping strategy. There was little variation in the results across the four identities or the racial/ethnic groups.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"75 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139205913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/21568693231213088
Seth Abrutyn
Since Kai Erikson’s landmark study of the devastation of five communities in West Virginia, sociology has leveraged the concept of trauma to describe certain social phenomena. Collective trauma came to refer to the destruction of social infrastructure and the ensuing negative mental health outcomes, while cultural trauma has come to describe the imposition of historical and ongoing attacks by a dominant group on the culture (broadly defined) of a group of people sharing a collective identity. The following article sketches out a theory of social trauma designed to bring these two types of sociological trauma together, highlight their similarities and differences, and unite them by grounding them in the neuroscience of (social) pain. The term trauma, borrowed from medical and psychological study, implies pain, but the sociological version of trauma is best understood as the collectivization and enculturation of social pain, or the evolved negative affective response to separation, rejection, exclusion, and isolation from cherished social objects including statuses. The article concludes by modeling the process by which an event transforms individual social pain into collective social trauma as well as the pathways through which social trauma becomes enculturated in a collective identity. Implications for the sociology of mental health follow.
{"title":"The Roots of Social Trauma: Collective, Cultural Pain and Its Consequences","authors":"Seth Abrutyn","doi":"10.1177/21568693231213088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693231213088","url":null,"abstract":"Since Kai Erikson’s landmark study of the devastation of five communities in West Virginia, sociology has leveraged the concept of trauma to describe certain social phenomena. Collective trauma came to refer to the destruction of social infrastructure and the ensuing negative mental health outcomes, while cultural trauma has come to describe the imposition of historical and ongoing attacks by a dominant group on the culture (broadly defined) of a group of people sharing a collective identity. The following article sketches out a theory of social trauma designed to bring these two types of sociological trauma together, highlight their similarities and differences, and unite them by grounding them in the neuroscience of (social) pain. The term trauma, borrowed from medical and psychological study, implies pain, but the sociological version of trauma is best understood as the collectivization and enculturation of social pain, or the evolved negative affective response to separation, rejection, exclusion, and isolation from cherished social objects including statuses. The article concludes by modeling the process by which an event transforms individual social pain into collective social trauma as well as the pathways through which social trauma becomes enculturated in a collective identity. Implications for the sociology of mental health follow.","PeriodicalId":46146,"journal":{"name":"Society and Mental Health","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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