We examined how 4- to 5-year-old children and adults use perceptual structure (visible midline boundaries) to visually scale distance. Participants completed scaling and no scaling tasks using learning and test mats that were 16 and 64 inches. No boundaries were present in Experiment 1. Children and adults had more difficulty in the scaling than no scaling task when the test mat was 64 inches but not 16 inches. Experiment 2 was identical except visible midline boundaries were present. Again, participants had more difficulty in the scaling than no scaling task when the test mat was 64 inches, suggesting they used the test mat edges (not the midline boundary) as perceptual anchors when scaling from the learning to the test mat.
Children's memory responses to a target location in a homogenous space change from being biased towards the midline of the space to being biased away. According to Dynamic Field Theory (DFT) (e.g., Schutte & Spencer, 2009), improvement in the perception of the midline symmetry axis contributes to this transition. Simulations of DFT using a 3-year-old parameter setting showed that memory biases at intermediate target locations were related to the perception of midline. Empirical results indicated that better perception of midline was associated with greater memory biases away at the 20° and 40° targets in 3-year-olds, and greater biases away at 60° in 4- to 6-year-olds. Findings support the DFT in that perception of midline is associated with memory biases.
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