Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2022.2095278
Mary E. Frame, Michaela Schwing, S. Johnston, Erica Curtis
ABSTRACT Spatial heuristics play a vital role in the decision-making process of route planning, but the crucial component of risk is often not considered. Whether in transportation logistics or military asset path planning, routes are evaluated in part based on the potential adverse outcomes of each route option. Drivers or dispatchers must consider the risks of inclement weather, adversarial threats, and unsafe roads, among other negative consequences that could negatively impact safe arrival to a destination. In a series of three studies, we replicated well-established route planning heuristics: preferences for shorter paths, initially straight paths, and avoiding regional crossings. We further demonstrated that when probabilistic risk outcomes are associated with paths, known risk probabilities had a dominating effect on decision-making.
{"title":"Route planning decisions: evaluating reliance on spatial heuristics under risk","authors":"Mary E. Frame, Michaela Schwing, S. Johnston, Erica Curtis","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2022.2095278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2022.2095278","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Spatial heuristics play a vital role in the decision-making process of route planning, but the crucial component of risk is often not considered. Whether in transportation logistics or military asset path planning, routes are evaluated in part based on the potential adverse outcomes of each route option. Drivers or dispatchers must consider the risks of inclement weather, adversarial threats, and unsafe roads, among other negative consequences that could negatively impact safe arrival to a destination. In a series of three studies, we replicated well-established route planning heuristics: preferences for shorter paths, initially straight paths, and avoiding regional crossings. We further demonstrated that when probabilistic risk outcomes are associated with paths, known risk probabilities had a dominating effect on decision-making.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81731375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2022.2095277
Christopher Widdowson, R. Wang
ABSTRACT Humans can learn spatial information through navigation in the environment. The nature of these spatial representations is constantly debated, including whether they conform to Euclidean geometry. The present study examined the types of Euclidean representations people may form while learning virtual wormhole mazes. Participants explored Euclidean or non-Euclidean tunnel mazes and drew maps of the landmark layout on a 2D canvas. The results showed that people have different, consistent strategies, some mainly preserving distance information while others mainly preserving turning angles. The straightness of the segments was mostly preserved. These results suggest that representations of non-Euclidean space may be highly variable across individuals, and possible Euclidean solutions need to be carefully examined before testing Euclidean vs alternative models.
{"title":"Human spatial learning strategies in wormhole virtual environments","authors":"Christopher Widdowson, R. Wang","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2022.2095277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2022.2095277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Humans can learn spatial information through navigation in the environment. The nature of these spatial representations is constantly debated, including whether they conform to Euclidean geometry. The present study examined the types of Euclidean representations people may form while learning virtual wormhole mazes. Participants explored Euclidean or non-Euclidean tunnel mazes and drew maps of the landmark layout on a 2D canvas. The results showed that people have different, consistent strategies, some mainly preserving distance information while others mainly preserving turning angles. The straightness of the segments was mostly preserved. These results suggest that representations of non-Euclidean space may be highly variable across individuals, and possible Euclidean solutions need to be carefully examined before testing Euclidean vs alternative models.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83696851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2022.2053382
I. Ruginski, N. Giudice, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, T. Ishikawa
ABSTRACT Navigation systems have become increasingly available and more complex over the past few decades as maps have changed from largely static visual and paper-based representations to interactive and multimodal computerized systems. In this introductory article to the Special Issue on Human-computer Interaction, Geographic Information, and Navigation, we review literature across a variety of fields to generate nine design principles to guide future research and development of navigation systems. Specifically, we suggest making mobile navigation systems more accessible and multimodal, which will make the systems more inclusive and usable for all types of users. We also introduce the research articles contributed to the present special issue and suggest future research directions to empirically evaluate emerging and untested features of user-adapted and context-aware mobile navigation systems.
{"title":"Designing mobile spatial navigation systems from the user’s perspective: an interdisciplinary review","authors":"I. Ruginski, N. Giudice, Sarah H. Creem-Regehr, T. Ishikawa","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2022.2053382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2022.2053382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Navigation systems have become increasingly available and more complex over the past few decades as maps have changed from largely static visual and paper-based representations to interactive and multimodal computerized systems. In this introductory article to the Special Issue on Human-computer Interaction, Geographic Information, and Navigation, we review literature across a variety of fields to generate nine design principles to guide future research and development of navigation systems. Specifically, we suggest making mobile navigation systems more accessible and multimodal, which will make the systems more inclusive and usable for all types of users. We also introduce the research articles contributed to the present special issue and suggest future research directions to empirically evaluate emerging and untested features of user-adapted and context-aware mobile navigation systems.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89214840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-05DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.2022681
A. Wunderlich, Sabine Grieger, K. Gramann
ABSTRACT The augmentation of landmarks in auditory navigation instructions has been shown to improve incidental spatial knowledge acquisition during assisted navigation. Here, two driving simulator experiments are reported that replicated this effect even when adding a three-week delay between navigation and spatial tasks and varying the degree of detail in the provided landmark information. Performance in free- and cued-recall of landmarks and driving the route again without assistance demonstrated increased landmark and route knowledge when navigating with landmark-based compared to common GPS instructions. The results emphasize that adding auditory landmark references to existing navigation systems can potentiate processing of spatial features of the environment during every-day navigation.
{"title":"Landmark information included in turn-by-turn instructions induce incidental acquisition of lasting route knowledge","authors":"A. Wunderlich, Sabine Grieger, K. Gramann","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.2022681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.2022681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The augmentation of landmarks in auditory navigation instructions has been shown to improve incidental spatial knowledge acquisition during assisted navigation. Here, two driving simulator experiments are reported that replicated this effect even when adding a three-week delay between navigation and spatial tasks and varying the degree of detail in the provided landmark information. Performance in free- and cued-recall of landmarks and driving the route again without assistance demonstrated increased landmark and route knowledge when navigating with landmark-based compared to common GPS instructions. The results emphasize that adding auditory landmark references to existing navigation systems can potentiate processing of spatial features of the environment during every-day navigation.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81478704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-26DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.2019260
Kristin A. Bartlett, Jorge Dorribo-Camba
ABSTRACT Common tests of spatial skills do not simply test one’s ability to mentally manipulate shapes. Instead, many popular assessments depend on a separate ability to comprehend two-dimensional graphical depictions of three-dimensional objects. Two categories of evidence are presented: 1) a discussion of the visual problems present in the stimuli commonly used in spatial skills tests, and 2) a critical review of studies which have shown improved performance on spatial skills tests by making the stimuli either clearer or more realistic. We conclude that the graphical interpretation factor is likely an example of construct-irrelevant variance which may reduce the validity of spatial skills assessments and introduce bias in favor of individuals with past experience with a particular style of engineering graphics or individuals who leverage certain problem-solving strategies.
{"title":"The role of a graphical interpretation factor in the assessment of Spatial Visualization: A critical analysis","authors":"Kristin A. Bartlett, Jorge Dorribo-Camba","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.2019260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.2019260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Common tests of spatial skills do not simply test one’s ability to mentally manipulate shapes. Instead, many popular assessments depend on a separate ability to comprehend two-dimensional graphical depictions of three-dimensional objects. Two categories of evidence are presented: 1) a discussion of the visual problems present in the stimuli commonly used in spatial skills tests, and 2) a critical review of studies which have shown improved performance on spatial skills tests by making the stimuli either clearer or more realistic. We conclude that the graphical interpretation factor is likely an example of construct-irrelevant variance which may reduce the validity of spatial skills assessments and introduce bias in favor of individuals with past experience with a particular style of engineering graphics or individuals who leverage certain problem-solving strategies.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85485507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-29DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.2002872
Madiha Yousaf, D. Wolter
ABSTRACT We investigate means to automatically interpret natural language place descriptions, i.e., to relate all nouns in the input text that represent geographic entities to corresponding entities in a geographic database. This task is often referred to as geo-referencing. Automated methods can contribute to text-based human-machine interaction with geographic information systems (GIS) and enable volunteered geographic information (VGI) to be obtained from natural language descriptions. This paper is aimed to investigate the contribution of reasoning. We propose a set of spatial and ontological reasoning steps that help resolve ambiguous interpretationsin particular, regarding the interpretation of unnamed entities (a park, a river, etc.). By evaluating the method on a corpus of place descriptions, we show that incorporating reasoning techniques improves the performance of interpreting place descriptions.
{"title":"A reasoning model for geo-referencing named and unnamed spatial entities in natural language place descriptions","authors":"Madiha Yousaf, D. Wolter","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.2002872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.2002872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We investigate means to automatically interpret natural language place descriptions, i.e., to relate all nouns in the input text that represent geographic entities to corresponding entities in a geographic database. This task is often referred to as geo-referencing. Automated methods can contribute to text-based human-machine interaction with geographic information systems (GIS) and enable volunteered geographic information (VGI) to be obtained from natural language descriptions. This paper is aimed to investigate the contribution of reasoning. We propose a set of spatial and ontological reasoning steps that help resolve ambiguous interpretationsin particular, regarding the interpretation of unnamed entities (a park, a river, etc.). By evaluating the method on a corpus of place descriptions, we show that incorporating reasoning techniques improves the performance of interpreting place descriptions.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87008805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239
Bill Palmer, Dorothea Hoffmann, Joe Blythe, Alice Gaby, Bill Pascoe, Maïa Ponsonnet
ABSTRACT Australian Indigenous languages are widely cited as depending overwhelmingly on abstract cardinal terms for spatial reference. However, considerable under-recognized diversity exists, with systems invoking aspects of local topography or egocentric projections. The first step toward an empirically grounded understanding of the wider implications of Australian spatial reference systems is to establish what components of spatial systems actually occur in what combinations across the continent. This article examines the spatial systems of five Australian languages to test hypotheses about the role of the environment in shaping linguistic representations of space, revealing under-recognized aspects of Australian systems, including the use of egocentric (“relative”) reference frame but only on the sagittal axis; a nearside-farside system; and multiple systems invoking diverse salient environmental features.
{"title":"Frames of spatial reference in five Australian languages","authors":"Bill Palmer, Dorothea Hoffmann, Joe Blythe, Alice Gaby, Bill Pascoe, Maïa Ponsonnet","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1929239","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Australian Indigenous languages are widely cited as depending overwhelmingly on abstract cardinal terms for spatial reference. However, considerable under-recognized diversity exists, with systems invoking aspects of local topography or egocentric projections. The first step toward an empirically grounded understanding of the wider implications of Australian spatial reference systems is to establish what components of spatial systems actually occur in what combinations across the continent. This article examines the spatial systems of five Australian languages to test hypotheses about the role of the environment in shaping linguistic representations of space, revealing under-recognized aspects of Australian systems, including the use of egocentric (“relative”) reference frame but only on the sagittal axis; a nearside-farside system; and multiple systems invoking diverse salient environmental features.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90345833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-03DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.1985122
Alastair D. Smith, G. Priestnall, J. Cross
ABSTRACT We describe an exploratory investigation of a dynamic digital map, inspired by videogame design. Participants followed a novel route through an urban environment, using a custom map that presented directional information for off-screen landmark locations. Spatial orientation (pointing to remembered landmarks) in this group was compared to participants using a static version of the same custom map (without the directional cues) and an additional control group that used a static mobile map from the public domain. Participants using the dynamic map were most accurate in making egocentric orientation judgments, although groups did not appear to differ in their configural spatial knowledge. These data suggest that landmark persistence may help users to build more accurate on-line representations of their spatial orientation.
{"title":"Supporting spatial orientation during route following through dynamic maps with off-screen landmark persistence","authors":"Alastair D. Smith, G. Priestnall, J. Cross","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1985122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1985122","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We describe an exploratory investigation of a dynamic digital map, inspired by videogame design. Participants followed a novel route through an urban environment, using a custom map that presented directional information for off-screen landmark locations. Spatial orientation (pointing to remembered landmarks) in this group was compared to participants using a static version of the same custom map (without the directional cues) and an additional control group that used a static mobile map from the public domain. Participants using the dynamic map were most accurate in making egocentric orientation judgments, although groups did not appear to differ in their configural spatial knowledge. These data suggest that landmark persistence may help users to build more accurate on-line representations of their spatial orientation.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85644879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.1987438
Rebecca Albrecht, R. Stülpnagel
ABSTRACT We test the effect of a landmark’s visual and structural salience on memory retrieval of turning directions at intersections in a virtual environment. Across three studies, we find an increased decision correctness when the location of the visually salient landmark converges with the turning direction. This pattern is robust across various perspectives, including the return path. We find no performance differences between route repetition and return path. We find some evidence to turn toward a visually salient landmark even if this is not correct. Taken together, a visually salient landmark helps if located in the turning direction, but might be detrimental to a navigator’s ability to recall the correct direction if located on the opposite side.
{"title":"Taking the right (or left?) turn: effects of landmark salience on the retrieval of route directions","authors":"Rebecca Albrecht, R. Stülpnagel","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1987438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1987438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We test the effect of a landmark’s visual and structural salience on memory retrieval of turning directions at intersections in a virtual environment. Across three studies, we find an increased decision correctness when the location of the visually salient landmark converges with the turning direction. This pattern is robust across various perspectives, including the return path. We find no performance differences between route repetition and return path. We find some evidence to turn toward a visually salient landmark even if this is not correct. Taken together, a visually salient landmark helps if located in the turning direction, but might be detrimental to a navigator’s ability to recall the correct direction if located on the opposite side.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87426543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/13875868.2021.1992410
Vanessa Ligonnière, V. Gyselinck, S. Lhuillier, M. Mostafavi, Aurélie Dommes
ABSTRACT While the role of landmarks is well documented, little research has focused on the characteristics that allow landmarks to benefit the construction of spatial representations. Although their visual saliency has already been explored, cognitive saliency deserves attention. It could benefit to older people who experience decline in their spatial abilities. To explore this issue, young and older participants watched virtual itineraries including landmarks varying in their visual and cognitive saliency. They then performed various landmark and direction-related tasks. The combination of visual and cognitive saliency improved performance in both age groups, without canceling age-related differences but reducing them in some cases. Our results provide evidence that visually and cognitively salient landmarks facilitate the construction of mental representations of environments.
{"title":"How does the visual and cognitive saliency of landmarks improve construction of spatial representations in younger and older adults?","authors":"Vanessa Ligonnière, V. Gyselinck, S. Lhuillier, M. Mostafavi, Aurélie Dommes","doi":"10.1080/13875868.2021.1992410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2021.1992410","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While the role of landmarks is well documented, little research has focused on the characteristics that allow landmarks to benefit the construction of spatial representations. Although their visual saliency has already been explored, cognitive saliency deserves attention. It could benefit to older people who experience decline in their spatial abilities. To explore this issue, young and older participants watched virtual itineraries including landmarks varying in their visual and cognitive saliency. They then performed various landmark and direction-related tasks. The combination of visual and cognitive saliency improved performance in both age groups, without canceling age-related differences but reducing them in some cases. Our results provide evidence that visually and cognitively salient landmarks facilitate the construction of mental representations of environments.","PeriodicalId":46199,"journal":{"name":"Spatial Cognition and Computation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88380820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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