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Extent and diversity of recognized Indigenous and community lands: Cases from Northern and Western Europe. 公认的土著和社区土地的范围和多样性:北欧和西欧的案例。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02110-8
Anna Bebbington, Sushma Shrestha Sangat, Rachel E Golden Kroner, Tero Mustonen

Despite a well-established system of community lands, the current lack of spatial data on community territories impacts how Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs) in Europe are included in global discussions about land rights recognition and their critical role in land stewardship. We present an aggregation of spatial data for 42.5 Mha of recognized IPs and LCs lands in Western and Northern Europe, including data that were not previously included in global datasets. We show that governments recognize IPs and LCs lands through a diversity of tenure systems, which are managed under a variety of governance arrangements, including community, State, and shared governance. IPs and LCs contribute important services to people, underscoring their potential role in the climate and conservation needs of Europe.

尽管建立了完善的社区土地系统,但目前缺乏关于社区领土的空间数据,影响了欧洲土著人民和地方社区(ip和LCs)如何参与关于土地权利承认及其在土地管理中的关键作用的全球讨论。我们提供了西欧和北欧42.5 Mha已确认的ip和LCs土地的空间数据汇总,包括以前未包含在全球数据集中的数据。我们表明,政府通过多种权属制度来承认知识产权和最不发达国家的土地,这些权属制度在各种治理安排下进行管理,包括社区、国家和共享治理。知识产权机构和土地利用机构为人们提供了重要的服务,强调了它们在欧洲气候和保护需求方面的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Water Framework Directive's protection of groundwater-dependent terrestrial ecosystems. 水框架指令》对依赖地下水的陆地生态系统的保护。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02108-2
Lasse Baaner, Helle Tegner Anker, Rasmus Ejrnæs

The Water Framework Directive protects groundwater-dependent terrestrial ecosystems, but its concepts and definitions remain unclear. This paper aims to clarify the margin of discretion for the Member States, by applying a cross-disciplinary legal and biological analysis. We conclude that description of the protected ecosystems must include at least key components and processes and be based on a number of well-known groundwater-dependent habitats, but not restricted to habitats fed entirely by groundwater. We argue that the potential harm to terrestrial ecosystems by lowering the groundwater table should include the impact of both water abstraction and drainage, and, despite the discretion regarding scale, we recommend basing assessments and protection at a landscape-scale that aligns with the scale of bodies of groundwater, which typically includes a range of habitats in various ecological conditions.

《水框架指令》保护依赖地下水的陆地生态系统,但其概念和定义仍不明确。本文旨在通过运用跨学科的法律和生物学分析,为成员国澄清自由裁量权的边际。我们的结论是,对受保护生态系统的描述必须至少包括关键组成部分和过程,并以一些已知的依赖地下水的栖息地为基础,但不限于完全由地下水提供的栖息地。我们认为,降低地下水位对陆地生态系统的潜在危害应包括抽水和排水的影响,而且,尽管在规模上有酌情权,我们建议在与地下水体规模一致的景观尺度上进行评估和保护,这通常包括各种生态条件下的一系列栖息地。
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引用次数: 0
Pervasive Indigenous and local knowledge of tropical wild species 关于热带野生物种的土著和地方知识无处不在。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02100-w
Yoshito Takasaki, Oliver T. Coomes, Christian Abizaid

The promise of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) for conservation policy depends on how pervasively ILK is held among local people. In the Peruvian Amazon, we conducted a landscape-scale concordance analysis between (1) ILK for game, timber, and fish species collected by the largest representative ILK survey as yet undertaken in tropical forests, and (2) remotely sensed land cover as proxies for species habitat. From our survey among 4000 households in 235 communities, we find that concordant ILK is highly pervasive across gender, age, place of origin, and social status, irrespective of species and people’s indigeneity. Resource users possess more concordant knowledge than nonusers for timber and fish, not game. Concordance between ILK for fish and remote sensing is associated with cooperative forest clearing in shifting cultivation—an informal community institution in which forest peoples engage with nature. Our findings point to the promise of ILK for large-scale tropical conservation.

土著和地方知识(ILK)在保护政策方面的前景取决于土著和地方知识在当地人中的普及程度。在秘鲁亚马逊河流域,我们对以下两个方面进行了景观尺度的一致性分析:(1) 热带森林中迄今为止最具代表性的土著和地方知识调查所收集的有关野味、木材和鱼类物种的土著和地方知识;(2) 作为物种栖息地替代物的遥感土地覆盖。我们对 235 个社区的 4000 个家庭进行了调查,结果发现,无论物种和土著居民的性别、年龄、籍贯和社会地位如何,一致的 ILK 都非常普遍。在木材和鱼类方面,资源使用者比非使用者拥有更多的一致知识,而非野味知识。关于鱼类的 ILK 与遥感之间的一致性与轮垦中的合作性森林清理有关--轮垦是一种非正式的社区机构,在这种机构中,森林居民与大自然打交道。我们的研究结果表明,ILK 在大规模热带保护方面大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
Conservation funding from CBD COP15 and COP16 来自CBD COP15和COP16的保护资金。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02107-3
Ralf C. Buckley

Science shows decline in biodiversity, economics shows its value, but conservation failures are political. CBD COP15 in Oct 2022 promised US$700B p.a. in new conservation funding, via the Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework. As of 02 Nov 2024, post CBD COP16, all new plus existing funds total only 3.5% of the international target, and 3–6% of the domestic target. The multilateral funding institutions exist, but the developed, newly-industrialised, and developing economic blocs have conflicting interpretations of KMGBF. To overcome this impasse, conservation scientists, NGOs, and parks agencies could combine conservation projects into multi-billion-dollar regional investment bundles, to be managed by reliable conservation NGOs, and package them for the World Bank Global Biodiversity Framework Fund, GBFF. If donor nations can see what they paying for and how it will be delivered, they are more likely to contribute, especially if projects include tourism and health components to provide ongoing conservation funding.

科学显示了生物多样性的减少,经济学显示了它的价值,但保护失败是政治上的。在2022年10月召开的《生物多样性公约》第15次缔约方会议上,通过《昆明-蒙塔姆全球生物多样性框架》承诺每年提供7000亿美元的新保护资金。截至2024年11月2日,《生物多样性公约》COP16后,所有新增和现有资金总额仅为国际目标的3.5%,国内目标的3-6%。多边资助机构是存在的,但是发达国家、新兴工业化国家和发展中国家的经济集团对KMGBF有着相互矛盾的解释。为了克服这一僵局,保护科学家、非政府组织和公园机构可以将保护项目合并成数十亿美元的区域投资包,由可靠的保护非政府组织管理,并将其打包为世界银行全球生物多样性框架基金(GBFF)。如果捐助国能够看到他们支付的是什么以及如何交付,他们就更有可能捐款,特别是如果项目包括旅游和卫生组成部分,以提供持续的保护资金。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of farm size on vulnerability in beekeeping: Insights from mediterranean Spain 农场规模对养蜂业脆弱性的影响:来自地中海西班牙的见解。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02099-0
Feliu López-i-Gelats, Erik Hobbelink, Paula Llaurador, Marta G. Rivera-Ferre

There is broad consensus on the socioeconomic importance of beekeeping and the essential services it provides through pollination. However, beekeeping is being impacted by global environmental changes, and more specific insights are needed. Beekeeping is not a homogeneous activity; it is practiced in various ways and contexts. This study examines how these changes affect beekeeping operations of different sizes in Mediterranean Spain and whether size influences adaptation. Structured interviews were conducted to assess the sector's vulnerability, with climate change identified as a key contributing factor. The findings reveal that the vulnerability of beekeeping is shaped not only by multiple transformations but also by the diverse adaptive capacities of beekeepers. Additionally, the size of beekeeping operations significantly influences this capacity, a factor that should be integrated into policymaking given the sector’s highly polarized nature.

关于养蜂的社会经济重要性及其通过授粉提供的基本服务,人们达成了广泛共识。然而,养蜂业正受到全球环境变化的影响,需要更具体的见解。养蜂不是一项同质性活动;它在不同的方式和语境中被实践。本研究考察了这些变化如何影响西班牙地中海地区不同规模的养蜂业,以及规模是否影响适应。进行了结构化访谈,以评估该行业的脆弱性,气候变化被确定为一个关键因素。研究结果表明,养蜂业的脆弱性不仅受到多种转变的影响,而且受到养蜂人不同的适应能力的影响。此外,养蜂业务的规模对这种能力有重大影响,鉴于该行业高度两极化的性质,这一因素应纳入政策制定。
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引用次数: 0
Cascading tipping points of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean 南极洲和南大洋的层叠引爆点。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02101-9
Ida Kubiszewski, Vanessa M. Adams, Rachel Baird, Anne Boothroyd, Robert Costanza, Darla Hatton MacDonald, Glenn Finau, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Catherine K. King, Matt A. King, Delphine Lannuzel, Elizabeth Leane, Jess Melbourne-Thomas, Can-Seng Ooi, Mala Raghavan, Valeria Senigaglia, Natalie Stoeckl, Jing Tian, Satoshi Yamazaki

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are key elements in the physical and biological Earth system. Human-induced climate change, and other human activities in the region, are leading to several potential interacting tipping points with major and irreversible consequences. Here, we examine eight potential physical, biological, chemical, and social Antarctic tipping points. These include ice sheets, ocean acidification, ocean circulation, species redistribution, invasive species, permafrost melting, local pollution, and the Antarctic Treaty System. We discuss the nature of each potential tipping point, its control variables, thresholds, timescales, and impacts, and focus on the potential for cumulative and cascading effects as a result of their interactions. The analysis provides substantial evidence of the need for more concerted and rapid action to limit climate change and to minimise the impacts of local human activities to avoid these cascading tipping points.

南极洲和南大洋是地球物理和生物系统的关键要素。人为引起的气候变化以及该地区的其他人类活动正在导致几个潜在的相互作用的临界点,这些临界点具有重大和不可逆转的后果。在这里,我们研究了八个潜在的物理、生物、化学和社会南极引爆点。其中包括冰盖、海洋酸化、海洋环流、物种再分配、入侵物种、永久冻土融化、局部污染和南极条约体系。我们讨论了每个潜在临界点的性质、控制变量、阈值、时间尺度和影响,并重点讨论了它们相互作用的累积效应和级联效应。该分析提供了大量证据,表明需要采取更加协调一致和迅速的行动来限制气候变化,并尽量减少当地人类活动的影响,以避免这些连锁反应的临界点。
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引用次数: 0
Border militarization affects people’s interactions with nature in Białowieża Forest 边境军事化影响Białowieża森林中人与自然的互动。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02113-5
Katarzyna Nowak, Agnieszka Olszańska, Agata Pietrzyk-Kaszyńska, Marek Giergiczny, Krzysztof Niedziałkowski, Katarzyna Simonienko, Bogdan Jaroszewicz

Border militarization can impede people’s interactions with nature in borderlands. We surveyed one border community to understand how local use of Białowieża Forest, one of Europe’s last primary forest complexes, is affected by militarization. Out of 100 returned surveys, most respondents had a negative view of enforced border security measures (closure of the border zone, construction of a border barrier, military activities). Many felt they were not adequately consulted about these policies. Respondents felt discouraged from visiting Białowieża Forest mainly due to the presence of uniformed services and worsened conditions of forest roads caused by heavy machinery and traffic. Newcomers reported negative impacts on their health and well-being, while people born in the region (locals) had mixed reactions. Although locals were more equivocal in opposing the border barrier than newcomers, both groups perceived the environmental costs of its construction as high and reported a sense of separation from neighboring Belarus.

边境军事化会阻碍人们在边境地区与自然的互动。我们调查了一个边境社区,以了解当地对Białowieża森林(欧洲最后的原始森林复合体之一)的使用如何受到军事化的影响。在100份返回的调查中,大多数受访者对强制实施的边境安全措施(关闭边境地区、建造边境屏障、军事活动)持负面看法。许多人认为,这些政策没有充分征求他们的意见。答复者对访问Białowieża森林感到气馁,主要原因是制服服务人员的存在以及重型机械和交通造成的森林道路状况恶化。新移民报告说,他们的健康和福祉受到了负面影响,而在该地区出生的人(当地人)对此反应不一。虽然当地人在反对边境屏障方面比新来者更加模棱两可,但两个群体都认为其建设的环境成本很高,并报告了与邻国白俄罗斯的分离感。
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引用次数: 0
A relational turn in climate change adaptation: Evidence from urban nature-based solutions 气候变化适应的关系转变:来自城市自然解决方案的证据。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02090-9
Sean Goodwin, Marta Olazabal, Antonio J. Castro, Unai Pascual

The emergence of nature-based solutions (NbS) in science, policy, and practice signals a paradigmatic shift in urban climate change adaptation, yet empirical investigations into its impact on adaptation definitions and progress tracking remain scarce. Addressing this gap, we conducted thematic analysis on semi-structured interviews (n = 15) with practitioners responsible for implementing and evaluating urban NbS in different countries. We provide a nuanced understanding of urban adaptation goals within urban NbS according to the insights from these practitioners, extending beyond hazard mitigation and towards cultivating and strengthening relationships between humans and nature. Tracking adaptation progress towards such relational adaptation goals requires acknowledging knowledge pluralism and the diversity of human–nature relations. We propose an alternative definition of adaptation supported by our data that aims to foster a more holistic approach to urban climate adaptation that accounts for the potential benefits of urban NbS across interconnected climate, biodiversity, and social goals.

基于自然的解决方案(NbS)在科学、政策和实践中的出现标志着城市气候变化适应的范式转变,但其对适应定义和进展跟踪的影响的实证研究仍然很少。为了解决这一差距,我们对不同国家负责实施和评估城市国家统计局的从业人员进行了半结构化访谈(n = 15)的专题分析。根据这些实践者的见解,我们对城市国家统计局内的城市适应目标进行了细致入微的理解,从减轻灾害扩展到培养和加强人与自然之间的关系。跟踪实现这些相关适应目标的适应进展需要承认知识多元化和人与自然关系的多样性。我们在数据的支持下提出了另一种适应定义,旨在促进一种更全面的城市气候适应方法,该方法考虑了城市国家统计局在相互关联的气候、生物多样性和社会目标方面的潜在效益。
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引用次数: 0
Social and knowledge diversity in forest education: Vital for the world’s forests 森林教育中的社会和知识多样性:对世界森林至关重要。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02104-6
Mika Rekola, Andrew B. Taber, Terry L. Sharik, John A. Parrotta, Michael J. Dockry, Folaranmi D. Babalola, Tara L. Bal, David Ganz, Marta Gruca, Manuel R. Guariguata, James Kungu, Pipiet Larasatie, Anne Nevgi, Sandra Rodriguez-Piñeros, Sirichai Saengcharnchai, Niclas Sandström, Khalil Walji

A global assessment of the status of tertiary, vocational, and technical forest education and training found deficits in inclusion of knowledge and student diversity. Coverage of forest services and cultural and social issues was characterized as weak in the curricula of many programs. The inclusion of traditional and Indigenous knowledge was frequently poor or absent. Gaps were found in enrollment at tertiary education levels with respect to diversity by gender, race/ethnicity, and other societal groups. If unaddressed, forest researchers, professionals, and workers will continue to lack familiarity with different knowledge systems and the importance of inclusive representation. Improvements in forest education related curricula, research, monitoring, policy, recruitment, and promotion are recommended. Without remedial action to build a representative, skilled, and knowledgeable workforce, prospects for forests to meet local, national, and global goals are at risk. Improved social and knowledge diversity in forest education is paramount for the future of forests.

对高等教育、职业和技术森林教育和培训现状的全球评估发现,在知识包容和学生多样性方面存在缺陷。在许多方案的课程中,森林服务以及文化和社会问题的覆盖面被认为是薄弱的。传统知识和土著知识往往很少或根本没有纳入。高等教育的入学率在性别、种族/民族和其他社会群体的多样性方面存在差距。如果不加以解决,森林研究人员、专业人员和工作人员将继续不熟悉不同的知识体系和包容性代表性的重要性。建议改进与森林教育有关的课程、研究、监测、政策、征聘和晋升。如果不采取补救行动,建设一支具有代表性、技术熟练、知识渊博的劳动力队伍,森林实现地方、国家和全球目标的前景将面临风险。改善森林教育中的社会和知识多样性对森林的未来至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Publisher Correction: Business-as-usual trends will largely miss 2030 global conservation targets 出版商更正:一切照旧的趋势将在很大程度上无法实现2030年的全球保护目标。
IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02114-4
Ignacio Palomo, Alberto González-García, Paul J. Ferraro, Roldan Muradian, Unai Pascual, Manuel Arboledas, James M. Bullock, Enora Bruley, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Sandra Lavorel
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引用次数: 0
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