Winda Hasuki, David Agustriawan, Arli Aditya Parikesit, Muammar Sadrawi, Moch Firmansyah, Andreas Whisnu, Jacqulin Natasya, Ryan Mathew, Florensia Irena Napitupulu, Nanda Rizqia Pradana Ratnasari
Timely diagnosis is crucial for a patient’s future care and treatment. However, inadequate medical service or a global pandemic can limit physical contact between patients and healthcare providers. Combining the available healthcare data and artificial intelligence methods might offer solutions that can support both patients and healthcare providers. This study developed one of the artificial intelligence methods, artificial neural network (ANN), the multilayer perceptron (MLP), for medical specialist recommendation systems. The input of the system is symptoms and comorbidities. Meanwhile, the output is the medical specialist. Leave one out cross-validation technique was used. As a result, this study’s F1 score of the model was about 0.84. In conclusion, the ANN system can be an alternative to the medical specialist recommendation system.
{"title":"Development of Artificial Neural Network Model for Medical Specialty Recommendation","authors":"Winda Hasuki, David Agustriawan, Arli Aditya Parikesit, Muammar Sadrawi, Moch Firmansyah, Andreas Whisnu, Jacqulin Natasya, Ryan Mathew, Florensia Irena Napitupulu, Nanda Rizqia Pradana Ratnasari","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.6.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.6.05","url":null,"abstract":"Timely diagnosis is crucial for a patient’s future care and treatment. However, inadequate medical service or a global pandemic can limit physical contact between patients and healthcare providers. Combining the available healthcare data and artificial intelligence methods might offer solutions that can support both patients and healthcare providers. This study developed one of the artificial intelligence methods, artificial neural network (ANN), the multilayer perceptron (MLP), for medical specialist recommendation systems. The input of the system is symptoms and comorbidities. Meanwhile, the output is the medical specialist. Leave one out cross-validation technique was used. As a result, this study’s F1 score of the model was about 0.84. In conclusion, the ANN system can be an alternative to the medical specialist recommendation system.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Auni Hairunnaja, M. A. Abd Aziz, Nur Amira Fatihah Bashari, M. A. Arifin, Navinash Nedumaran, Khairuddin Md Isa, U. M. Md. Ali
Many applications use Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) despite being considered hazardous waste from the palm oil refinery process. Its production increases yearly, similar to waste cooking oil (WCO). The SBE is known as a thickener in grease formulation. The same goes for red gypsum, waste motor oil, stearic acid, and lithium hydroxide monohydrate. They are all considered thickeners but have different durability in protecting base oil in grease. Then, previous studies revealed their performances with side effects detection against the environment and human bodies. Cooking oil is a heat transfer medium for serving foods with higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The number of fatty acids might change after cooking oil consumption and become highly demanded due to the chemical properties of density, viscosity and fatty acids. Nowadays, people lack awareness of the importance of recycling palm oil waste. They intend to dispose of it instead of recycling it for sustainable energy resources. Therefore, this paper will discuss the grease formulation, contaminant available in WCO, its treatment, issues regarding different thickener consumption, treatment against Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE), and propose the safe thickener and additives for future intakes. This study found that adding Fume Silica (F.S.) as a thickener and Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) enhanced the grease stability. Further treatment against SBE (remove residue oil) and WCO (metal elements, undesired impurities and water content) is necessary for providing good quality formulated grease.
{"title":"The Grease Formulation Using Waste Substances from Palm Oil Refinery and Other Industrial Wastes: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Auni Hairunnaja, M. A. Abd Aziz, Nur Amira Fatihah Bashari, M. A. Arifin, Navinash Nedumaran, Khairuddin Md Isa, U. M. Md. Ali","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.25","url":null,"abstract":"Many applications use Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) despite being considered hazardous waste from the palm oil refinery process. Its production increases yearly, similar to waste cooking oil (WCO). The SBE is known as a thickener in grease formulation. The same goes for red gypsum, waste motor oil, stearic acid, and lithium hydroxide monohydrate. They are all considered thickeners but have different durability in protecting base oil in grease. Then, previous studies revealed their performances with side effects detection against the environment and human bodies. Cooking oil is a heat transfer medium for serving foods with higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The number of fatty acids might change after cooking oil consumption and become highly demanded due to the chemical properties of density, viscosity and fatty acids. Nowadays, people lack awareness of the importance of recycling palm oil waste. They intend to dispose of it instead of recycling it for sustainable energy resources. Therefore, this paper will discuss the grease formulation, contaminant available in WCO, its treatment, issues regarding different thickener consumption, treatment against Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE), and propose the safe thickener and additives for future intakes. This study found that adding Fume Silica (F.S.) as a thickener and Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) enhanced the grease stability. Further treatment against SBE (remove residue oil) and WCO (metal elements, undesired impurities and water content) is necessary for providing good quality formulated grease.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85195778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakib Ahmed Saleh, Rozi Nor Haizan Nor, Md. Tariqul Islam, Y. Y. Jusoh, Salfarina Abdullah
The unified Model of Electronic Government Adoption (UMEGA) was developed to bring novel insight into the context of citizen adoption of e-government services. As UMEGA is a recently evolved model, it demonstrates unequivocally the necessity for evaluating this model tailored to adopting e-government from the citizens’ perspective. The current study aims to perform a systematic literature review on the empirical validation of the UMEGA accomplished in several countries since its inception in 2017 by following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PRISMA is performed to synthesize the findings and analyze the performance of the constructs of the UMEGA. The systematic literature review encompassed the general characteristics, overall descriptive statistics, and synthesis of the constructs, analytical tools, and findings of the selected empirical articles. In the present study, the meta-analysis offered a strong confidence and prediction interval and significant combined effect size, suggesting that the constructs of the UMEGA, namely, performance expectancy, social influence, perceived risk, and facilitating conditions, significantly influenced attitude and behavioral intention to use e-government services. The association between attitude and behavioral intention is also found to be significant. The heterogeneity of the true effect of behavioral intention among empirical studies was partially explained by subgrouping in terms of sampling techniques, and E-government Development Index (EGDI) moderated the association between attitude and behavioral intention. The current study’s findings can serve as a solid foundation for knowledge expansion, easing the way for theoretical development and helping the government understand what aspects need to be considered while establishing initiatives to enhance the utilization of e-government services.
{"title":"The Unified Model of Electronic Government Adoption (UMEGA): A Systematic Literature Review with Meta-Analysis","authors":"Rakib Ahmed Saleh, Rozi Nor Haizan Nor, Md. Tariqul Islam, Y. Y. Jusoh, Salfarina Abdullah","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.26","url":null,"abstract":"The unified Model of Electronic Government Adoption (UMEGA) was developed to bring novel insight into the context of citizen adoption of e-government services. As UMEGA is a recently evolved model, it demonstrates unequivocally the necessity for evaluating this model tailored to adopting e-government from the citizens’ perspective. The current study aims to perform a systematic literature review on the empirical validation of the UMEGA accomplished in several countries since its inception in 2017 by following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PRISMA is performed to synthesize the findings and analyze the performance of the constructs of the UMEGA. The systematic literature review encompassed the general characteristics, overall descriptive statistics, and synthesis of the constructs, analytical tools, and findings of the selected empirical articles. In the present study, the meta-analysis offered a strong confidence and prediction interval and significant combined effect size, suggesting that the constructs of the UMEGA, namely, performance expectancy, social influence, perceived risk, and facilitating conditions, significantly influenced attitude and behavioral intention to use e-government services. The association between attitude and behavioral intention is also found to be significant. The heterogeneity of the true effect of behavioral intention among empirical studies was partially explained by subgrouping in terms of sampling techniques, and E-government Development Index (EGDI) moderated the association between attitude and behavioral intention. The current study’s findings can serve as a solid foundation for knowledge expansion, easing the way for theoretical development and helping the government understand what aspects need to be considered while establishing initiatives to enhance the utilization of e-government services.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84051528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lim Kah Yen, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, F. A. Ujang, H. Husin, H. Ariffin, Paridah Md Tahir, Li Xin Ping, M. Yusof
Despite black liquor’s (BL) renown as a difficult-to-manage contaminant in the pulp and paper industry, BL has been found as a viable alternative material for adhesive formulation due to its high lignin content. Nevertheless, modification is required to enhance lignin’s reactivity, and there is currently a lack of study focusing on this aspect for BL-lignin. This study aims to increase the phenolic hydroxyl content of BL-lignin by phenolation. After being phenolated at lignin to phenol ratio of 1:1, at a temperature of 100°C for 110 minutes, and with the addition of 8% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst, the phenolic hydroxyl content improved by 51.5%. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/Vis spectrophotometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and its differential curve showed that the structural change in phenolated lignin opened up more active sites, implying that this lignin could be a good substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing.
{"title":"Reactivity Enhancement of Lignin Extracted from Preconditioning Refiner Chemical-Recycle Bleached Mechanized Pulp (PRC-RBMP) Black Liquor by Phenolation","authors":"Lim Kah Yen, Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar, F. A. Ujang, H. Husin, H. Ariffin, Paridah Md Tahir, Li Xin Ping, M. Yusof","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.28","url":null,"abstract":"Despite black liquor’s (BL) renown as a difficult-to-manage contaminant in the pulp and paper industry, BL has been found as a viable alternative material for adhesive formulation due to its high lignin content. Nevertheless, modification is required to enhance lignin’s reactivity, and there is currently a lack of study focusing on this aspect for BL-lignin. This study aims to increase the phenolic hydroxyl content of BL-lignin by phenolation. After being phenolated at lignin to phenol ratio of 1:1, at a temperature of 100°C for 110 minutes, and with the addition of 8% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst, the phenolic hydroxyl content improved by 51.5%. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV/Vis spectrophotometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), and its differential curve showed that the structural change in phenolated lignin opened up more active sites, implying that this lignin could be a good substitute for phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74376299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advancements in virtualization technology have led to better utilization of existing infrastructure. It allows numerous virtual machines with different workloads to coexist on the same physical server, resulting in a pool of server resources. It is critical to understand enterprise workloads to correctly create and configure existing and future support in such pools. Managing resources in a cloud data center is one of the most difficult tasks. The dynamic nature of the cloud environment, as well as the high level of uncertainty, has created these challenges. These applications’ diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements make data center management difficult. Accurate forecasting of future resource demand is required to meet QoS needs and ensure better resource utilization. Consequently, data center workload modeling and categorization are needed to meet software quality solutions cost-effectively. This paper uses traces of Bitbrain’s data to characterize and categorize workload. Clustering (K Means and Gaussian mixture model) and Classification strategies (K Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine) characterize and model the workload traces. K Means shows better results as compared to GMM when compared to the Calinski Harabasz index and Davies-Bouldin score. The results showed that the Decision Tree achieves the maximum accuracy of 99.18%, followed by K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) Logistic Regression (LR), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Back Propagation Neural Networks.
{"title":"Workload Characterization and Classification: A Step Towards Better Resource Utilization in a Cloud Data Center","authors":"Avita Katal, Susheela Dahiya, T. Choudhury","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.27","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in virtualization technology have led to better utilization of existing infrastructure. It allows numerous virtual machines with different workloads to coexist on the same physical server, resulting in a pool of server resources. It is critical to understand enterprise workloads to correctly create and configure existing and future support in such pools. Managing resources in a cloud data center is one of the most difficult tasks. The dynamic nature of the cloud environment, as well as the high level of uncertainty, has created these challenges. These applications’ diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements make data center management difficult. Accurate forecasting of future resource demand is required to meet QoS needs and ensure better resource utilization. Consequently, data center workload modeling and categorization are needed to meet software quality solutions cost-effectively. This paper uses traces of Bitbrain’s data to characterize and categorize workload. Clustering (K Means and Gaussian mixture model) and Classification strategies (K Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine) characterize and model the workload traces. K Means shows better results as compared to GMM when compared to the Calinski Harabasz index and Davies-Bouldin score. The results showed that the Decision Tree achieves the maximum accuracy of 99.18%, followed by K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) Logistic Regression (LR), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Back Propagation Neural Networks.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73863993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yahya Sahari, M. S. Anuar, M. Z. Mohd Nor, N. A. Abdul Ghani, S. Mohd Tahir
There are several different forms of coconut kernel products, such as copra, desiccated coconut, coconut chips, strips, and flakes, each with its identity, industrial standard, and use in the food sector. In view of this, many studies concentrate on drying kinetics and the quality of the final dried product and extend from laboratory-scale research to industrial operations. This article discusses the application of various drying processes for various types of coconut kernel products, the pre-treatment involved prior to drying and some qualitative aspects associated with the final product. The use of mathematical modelling in various drying techniques was also examined and compared in this article. The effects of drying parameters such as air temperature, velocity, and pre-treatment on drying rate, time, colour quality, energy consumption, and yield are particularly interesting. Future suggestions and directions are emphasised and featured to fill the research gap in this product and sector.
{"title":"Progress, Trends and Development of Drying Studies on Coconut Kernel Products: A Review","authors":"Yahya Sahari, M. S. Anuar, M. Z. Mohd Nor, N. A. Abdul Ghani, S. Mohd Tahir","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.30","url":null,"abstract":"There are several different forms of coconut kernel products, such as copra, desiccated coconut, coconut chips, strips, and flakes, each with its identity, industrial standard, and use in the food sector. In view of this, many studies concentrate on drying kinetics and the quality of the final dried product and extend from laboratory-scale research to industrial operations. This article discusses the application of various drying processes for various types of coconut kernel products, the pre-treatment involved prior to drying and some qualitative aspects associated with the final product. The use of mathematical modelling in various drying techniques was also examined and compared in this article. The effects of drying parameters such as air temperature, velocity, and pre-treatment on drying rate, time, colour quality, energy consumption, and yield are particularly interesting. Future suggestions and directions are emphasised and featured to fill the research gap in this product and sector.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77433913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. H. Idris, Erneeza Mohd Hata, Norliza Adnan, S. S. Teri, M. J. Osman, Ami Hassan MD DIN, M. Ishak
The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of six high-value non-seasonal tropical fruits identified as a target for export fruit products in the Malaysia National Key Economic Area (NKEA) report. It is challenging to sustain the jackfruit crop’s productivity and achieve the targets for the growth of premium fruits because of the emergence of plant diseases that can affect yields. This paper discusses the influence of abiotic factors, including landscape and weather, on the occurrence of Erwinia carotovora disease. This paper applied Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and hotspot analysis to understand the occurrence of the disease from the landscape and spatial perspective. The findings suggest that the rate of E. carotovora in jackfruit trees (based on a percentage of the area affected) is significantly affected by the proximity of the trees to roads, rivers, and irrigation. At the same time, the frequency of E. carotovora is substantially dependent on rainfall levels. The Koenker (BP) statistic provides a consistent set of results that explain the relationship between variables that impact the occurrence of dieback jackfruit disease remains the same over the study area. This study helps us understand how specific landscape characteristics and climatic variables influence jackfruit dieback disease. This area of research is essential so that the best land management practices can be adapted to prevent future disease occurrences.
{"title":"The Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Occurrence of Jackfruit Dieback Disease","authors":"N. H. Idris, Erneeza Mohd Hata, Norliza Adnan, S. S. Teri, M. J. Osman, Ami Hassan MD DIN, M. Ishak","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.24","url":null,"abstract":"The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of six high-value non-seasonal tropical fruits identified as a target for export fruit products in the Malaysia National Key Economic Area (NKEA) report. It is challenging to sustain the jackfruit crop’s productivity and achieve the targets for the growth of premium fruits because of the emergence of plant diseases that can affect yields. This paper discusses the influence of abiotic factors, including landscape and weather, on the occurrence of Erwinia carotovora disease. This paper applied Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and hotspot analysis to understand the occurrence of the disease from the landscape and spatial perspective. The findings suggest that the rate of E. carotovora in jackfruit trees (based on a percentage of the area affected) is significantly affected by the proximity of the trees to roads, rivers, and irrigation. At the same time, the frequency of E. carotovora is substantially dependent on rainfall levels. The Koenker (BP) statistic provides a consistent set of results that explain the relationship between variables that impact the occurrence of dieback jackfruit disease remains the same over the study area. This study helps us understand how specific landscape characteristics and climatic variables influence jackfruit dieback disease. This area of research is essential so that the best land management practices can be adapted to prevent future disease occurrences.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87334308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatching failure is one of the threats to the declining sea turtle population. Sea turtle egg fusariosis, an emerging fungal disease, has been linked to lower hatching success in sea turtle nests. The disease is associated with the presence of members of the (Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). Samples of cloacal mucus, nest sand, eggshells, and eggs were collected from seven hawksbill turtles and their corresponding nests at Melaka’s nesting beaches and hatchery site. FSSC was prevalent in the unhatched eggs (n = 32) from the seven study nests, colonising 96.9%. The remaining eggs from the study nests were found to have high hatching success, with a mean of 85.8 ± 10.5% (n = 7). It is unknown if the presence of FSSC contributed directly to embryonic mortality in this study. There are two possible roles of FSSC in sea turtle eggs: as a saprophyte or a primary pathogen. The presence of FSSC in the nest did not always compromise the hatching success of the entire egg clutch. FSSC was not detected in the sand samples of all nests, even though all nests contained Fusarium-colonised eggs. The concentration of FSSC in the sand might influence the infection rate of sea turtle eggs and their hatching success. Best practices for hatchery must be in place to achieve high hatching success for sea turtle conservation.
{"title":"Fusarium solani Species Complex (FSSC) in Nests of Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) with High Hatching Success in Melaka, Malaysia","authors":"Khai Wei See, Nurul Salmi Abdul Latip","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.29","url":null,"abstract":"Hatching failure is one of the threats to the declining sea turtle population. Sea turtle egg fusariosis, an emerging fungal disease, has been linked to lower hatching success in sea turtle nests. The disease is associated with the presence of members of the (Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). Samples of cloacal mucus, nest sand, eggshells, and eggs were collected from seven hawksbill turtles and their corresponding nests at Melaka’s nesting beaches and hatchery site. FSSC was prevalent in the unhatched eggs (n = 32) from the seven study nests, colonising 96.9%. The remaining eggs from the study nests were found to have high hatching success, with a mean of 85.8 ± 10.5% (n = 7). It is unknown if the presence of FSSC contributed directly to embryonic mortality in this study. There are two possible roles of FSSC in sea turtle eggs: as a saprophyte or a primary pathogen. The presence of FSSC in the nest did not always compromise the hatching success of the entire egg clutch. FSSC was not detected in the sand samples of all nests, even though all nests contained Fusarium-colonised eggs. The concentration of FSSC in the sand might influence the infection rate of sea turtle eggs and their hatching success. Best practices for hatchery must be in place to achieve high hatching success for sea turtle conservation.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84442826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ramli, Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin, Jac Fang Lim, Mei Ching Lim
In hospitals, the chemical formaldehyde is commonly utilised to preserve tissues. The healthcare personnel exposed to formaldehyde the most work in histopathology laboratories. This study aims to determine the health effects of everyday formaldehyde exposure on healthcare professionals in the histopathology laboratory. Cross-sectional comparative research was used for the study design. The 8-hour time-weighted-average (TWA8) formaldehyde level was measured at the histopathology laboratory at Hospital Queen Elizabeth in Sabah and the administration office (control) using the real-time colorimetric tube method. Workers in both places were required to answer a questionnaire on their health status. The TWA8 formaldehyde level was higher in the exposed area (0.113 ppm) than in the unexposed area (0.031 ppm). Air samplings showed that formaldehyde exposure levels in the exposed area (0.108 ± 0.026 ppm) were significantly higher than in an unexposed area (0.028 ± 0.018 ppm) at p < 0.001. Symptoms closely related to formaldehyde exposure were 51% in the histopathology laboratory workers, greater than 35% in the control group (p < 0.05). The workers showed six symptoms: irritated eyes, sore throat, cough, runny nose, sneezing and headache. Although the level of occupational workplace exposure to formaldehyde in the histopathology laboratory was below the recommended limit, the health symptoms related to formaldehyde among the exposed group were detected. Enhancing control measures for indoor air quality improvement in the working area is required to minimise the health risk among laboratory workers.
{"title":"Occupational Formaldehyde Exposure and the Health Symptoms Among Histopathology Laboratory Workers in North Borneo","authors":"A. Ramli, Shamsul Bahari Shamsudin, Jac Fang Lim, Mei Ching Lim","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.19","url":null,"abstract":"In hospitals, the chemical formaldehyde is commonly utilised to preserve tissues. The healthcare personnel exposed to formaldehyde the most work in histopathology laboratories. This study aims to determine the health effects of everyday formaldehyde exposure on healthcare professionals in the histopathology laboratory. Cross-sectional comparative research was used for the study design. The 8-hour time-weighted-average (TWA8) formaldehyde level was measured at the histopathology laboratory at Hospital Queen Elizabeth in Sabah and the administration office (control) using the real-time colorimetric tube method. Workers in both places were required to answer a questionnaire on their health status. The TWA8 formaldehyde level was higher in the exposed area (0.113 ppm) than in the unexposed area (0.031 ppm). Air samplings showed that formaldehyde exposure levels in the exposed area (0.108 ± 0.026 ppm) were significantly higher than in an unexposed area (0.028 ± 0.018 ppm) at p < 0.001. Symptoms closely related to formaldehyde exposure were 51% in the histopathology laboratory workers, greater than 35% in the control group (p < 0.05). The workers showed six symptoms: irritated eyes, sore throat, cough, runny nose, sneezing and headache. Although the level of occupational workplace exposure to formaldehyde in the histopathology laboratory was below the recommended limit, the health symptoms related to formaldehyde among the exposed group were detected. Enhancing control measures for indoor air quality improvement in the working area is required to minimise the health risk among laboratory workers.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74031095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ishak, N. Othman, N. Jamil, N. Alias, F. Marpani, M. Shahruddin, Lau Woei Jye, A. Ismail
Modifying polymeric membranes using nanofiller is a promising method to enhance gas permeability and selectivity performance. This work used two types of ZIF-8 functionalized-2D nanofillers to fabricate polyethersulfone mixed matrix membranes. The rGO/ZIF-8 and MoS2/ZIF-8 nanofillers were first synthesised and characterised using FTIR and XRD. Then, 10 wt% of each nanofillers was added to the PES solution. TGA analysis indicates that MMMs containing rGO/ZIF-8 and MoS2 /ZIF-8 exhibit improved thermal stability. No additional peaks in FTIR and XRD were observed in the MMMs, indicating that the 2D nanofillers were compatible with the PES matrix. The MMMs show significantly enhanced gas separation properties where the highest selectivity was observed for 10 wt%PRG/Pebax membrane of 35.71 with CO2 permeability of 611 barrer and CH4 permeability of 17.11 barrer. These results confirm the possibility of using 2D nanofillers to develop high-performance membranes for gas separation.
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