Muhammad Auni Hairunnaja, M. A. Abd Aziz, N. W. Abdu Rahman, M. A. Arifin, Khairuddin Md Isa, U. M. Md. Ali
Lubricating grease is usually produced from mineral oil, making the relationship between grease and mineral oil unavoidable. Formulation of grease from waste oil can reduce the dependency of the grease industry on mineral oil as well as help to reduce the waste generation of used oil. This study aims to produce fumed silica (FS) grease from waste engine oil (WEO) and analyse the properties of the formulated grease. The method started with treating WEO to remove any contaminants in the used oil. After that, the greases are produced using a weight percentage ratio before being examined for consistency, oil separation, oil bleeding, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis, and corrosiveness. In terms of uniformity, oil separation, and oil bleeding, WEO percentage content had a substantial impact on the findings. The FTIR demonstrated that synthetic greases had the same spectra when evaluated between 500 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1. The grease's corrosiveness is low, as determined by class 1 corrosiveness toward the copper strip. However, the grease properties differ when consistency, oil bleeding and oil separation test is done. Higher oil content in grease produced high oil bleeding and separation but low consistency. As a conclusion of the results, fumed silica grease with oil percentages of 83 and 82 have the most grease-like features, showing that the grease fits the traits' requirements. Based on the investigation's findings, it was established that WEO may be used as a base oil in grease formulation and that the grease's properties are satisfactory.
{"title":"Innovative Formulation and Characterisation of Grease Made from Waste Engine Oil","authors":"Muhammad Auni Hairunnaja, M. A. Abd Aziz, N. W. Abdu Rahman, M. A. Arifin, Khairuddin Md Isa, U. M. Md. Ali","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.17","url":null,"abstract":"Lubricating grease is usually produced from mineral oil, making the relationship between grease and mineral oil unavoidable. Formulation of grease from waste oil can reduce the dependency of the grease industry on mineral oil as well as help to reduce the waste generation of used oil. This study aims to produce fumed silica (FS) grease from waste engine oil (WEO) and analyse the properties of the formulated grease. The method started with treating WEO to remove any contaminants in the used oil. After that, the greases are produced using a weight percentage ratio before being examined for consistency, oil separation, oil bleeding, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis, and corrosiveness. In terms of uniformity, oil separation, and oil bleeding, WEO percentage content had a substantial impact on the findings. The FTIR demonstrated that synthetic greases had the same spectra when evaluated between 500 cm-1 and 4000 cm-1. The grease's corrosiveness is low, as determined by class 1 corrosiveness toward the copper strip. However, the grease properties differ when consistency, oil bleeding and oil separation test is done. Higher oil content in grease produced high oil bleeding and separation but low consistency. As a conclusion of the results, fumed silica grease with oil percentages of 83 and 82 have the most grease-like features, showing that the grease fits the traits' requirements. Based on the investigation's findings, it was established that WEO may be used as a base oil in grease formulation and that the grease's properties are satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87934930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subathra Muniandy, M. I. Idris, Zul Atfyi Fauzan Mohammed Napiah, Zarina Baharudin Zamani, Marzaini Rashid, Luke Bradley
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are solar cells that have intriguing characteristics such as environmental friendliness and the capability for high power conversion efficiency, which have attracted study from both scientific investigation and analytical standpoints. However, lead toxicity has become a significant barrier to the widespread use of PSCs. Due to the serious environmental implications of lead, an environmentally compatible perovskite is required. Tin-based perovskite has a considerable impact, showing that it is a good hole extraction material with good mobility and low effective mass. In this study, we explore the impacts of perovskite and hole transporting layer (HTL) thickness, and intensity of light limitations, in inverted PSCs based on the structure of FTO/NiO/MAPbI3 /ZnO/Ag and FTO/NiO/MASnI3 /ZnO/Ag incorporating GPVDM (General-purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) to evaluate if MASnI3 is a viable substitute to MAPbI3. From the simulation results, the optimized parameters obtained for PCSs under 1 sun incorporating MASnI3 were 27.97%, 0.88 a.u., 0.92 V, and 34.45 mA/cm2. Instead, the optimized parameters obtained for PCSs incorporating MAPbI3 were 24.94%, 0.88 a.u., 0.90 V, and 31.03 mA/cm2. The thickness of the film of both PSC architectures was optimized to provide the best suitable result. The findings show that MASnI3 is employed as a promising perovskite layer in PSCs instead of MAPbI3.
{"title":"A Comparison of the Performance of MAPbI3 and MASnI3 as an Inverted Perovskite Structure Using NiO as HTL Through Numerical GPVDM Simulation","authors":"Subathra Muniandy, M. I. Idris, Zul Atfyi Fauzan Mohammed Napiah, Zarina Baharudin Zamani, Marzaini Rashid, Luke Bradley","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.22","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are solar cells that have intriguing characteristics such as environmental friendliness and the capability for high power conversion efficiency, which have attracted study from both scientific investigation and analytical standpoints. However, lead toxicity has become a significant barrier to the widespread use of PSCs. Due to the serious environmental implications of lead, an environmentally compatible perovskite is required. Tin-based perovskite has a considerable impact, showing that it is a good hole extraction material with good mobility and low effective mass. In this study, we explore the impacts of perovskite and hole transporting layer (HTL) thickness, and intensity of light limitations, in inverted PSCs based on the structure of FTO/NiO/MAPbI3 /ZnO/Ag and FTO/NiO/MASnI3 /ZnO/Ag incorporating GPVDM (General-purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) to evaluate if MASnI3 is a viable substitute to MAPbI3. From the simulation results, the optimized parameters obtained for PCSs under 1 sun incorporating MASnI3 were 27.97%, 0.88 a.u., 0.92 V, and 34.45 mA/cm2. Instead, the optimized parameters obtained for PCSs incorporating MAPbI3 were 24.94%, 0.88 a.u., 0.90 V, and 31.03 mA/cm2. The thickness of the film of both PSC architectures was optimized to provide the best suitable result. The findings show that MASnI3 is employed as a promising perovskite layer in PSCs instead of MAPbI3.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83581150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sawawi, Cheryl Rinnai Raja, Shirley Jonathan Tanjung, S. Hamdan, S. K. Sahari, R. Sapawi, E. Junaidi, Mahshuri Yusof, N. H. Noor Mohamed
This work showed that exposure of ductile electrospun polymers, namely poly-L-Lactide acid (PLLA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to UV-Ozone, leads to the embrittlement of fibres. Young’s modulus for PLLA and PAN increased by 39% and 78%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ductility was reduced by 23% for PLLA and 40% for PAN. The SEM images show that the UV irradiation resulted in a surface pitted of PLLA and no changes in PAN surface morphology. The ATR-FTIR results indicate that this treatment did not change the chemical structure of the electrospun PLLA and PAN fibres. The as-spun polymers that failed to be scission directly using ultrasonication can now be fragmented into micron-length short fibres after the UV irradiation treatment. The minimum time to produce the short fibres is 18 mins for PAN and 29 mins for PLLA. It indicates ultrasonication is suitable for producing short electrospun fibres, even for ductile materials.
{"title":"Effects of UV Irradation on Electrospun PLLA and PAN in the Production of Short Electropun Fibres Using Ultrasonication Method","authors":"M. Sawawi, Cheryl Rinnai Raja, Shirley Jonathan Tanjung, S. Hamdan, S. K. Sahari, R. Sapawi, E. Junaidi, Mahshuri Yusof, N. H. Noor Mohamed","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.21","url":null,"abstract":"This work showed that exposure of ductile electrospun polymers, namely poly-L-Lactide acid (PLLA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to UV-Ozone, leads to the embrittlement of fibres. Young’s modulus for PLLA and PAN increased by 39% and 78%, respectively. Meanwhile, the ductility was reduced by 23% for PLLA and 40% for PAN. The SEM images show that the UV irradiation resulted in a surface pitted of PLLA and no changes in PAN surface morphology. The ATR-FTIR results indicate that this treatment did not change the chemical structure of the electrospun PLLA and PAN fibres. The as-spun polymers that failed to be scission directly using ultrasonication can now be fragmented into micron-length short fibres after the UV irradiation treatment. The minimum time to produce the short fibres is 18 mins for PAN and 29 mins for PLLA. It indicates ultrasonication is suitable for producing short electrospun fibres, even for ductile materials.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81875099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ufuoma Joseph Udi, Mustafasanie M. Yussof, F. N. Isa, L. C. Abdullah
Laminated glass composites are composed of two or more layers of glass and a thermoplastic elastomeric interlayer securely glued together in an autoclave at high temperature and pressure. This composite material which significantly enhances the performance of glass before and after breakage, is desirable for various engineering applications. The main elastomeric interlayer comprises Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), SentryGlas (SG), Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and Thermoplastic Polyethylene (TPU). These interlayer materials have different unique features which offer a variety of performance benefits for engineering purposes. However, the structural response of laminated glass composites' elements and polymeric interlayers is typically prone to structural modifications relative to temperature applications and other environmental actions such as humidity and solar irradiation. This review compares the weathering resistance of the most common interlayers used in laminated glass composites based on available experimental literature findings. The main mechanical and accelerated ageing tests of laminates with different interlayer materials are summarised, giving evidence of the impact of these environmental actions on the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of laminated glass composites plates. This research provides valuable references for predicting the long-term behaviour and risk evaluation of laminated glass composites under diverse ageing conditions.
{"title":"Analysis of Environmental Stresses on the Mechanical Properties of Laminated Glass Composites: A Review of Experimental Results and Outlook","authors":"Ufuoma Joseph Udi, Mustafasanie M. Yussof, F. N. Isa, L. C. Abdullah","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.15","url":null,"abstract":"Laminated glass composites are composed of two or more layers of glass and a thermoplastic elastomeric interlayer securely glued together in an autoclave at high temperature and pressure. This composite material which significantly enhances the performance of glass before and after breakage, is desirable for various engineering applications. The main elastomeric interlayer comprises Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), SentryGlas (SG), Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), and Thermoplastic Polyethylene (TPU). These interlayer materials have different unique features which offer a variety of performance benefits for engineering purposes. However, the structural response of laminated glass composites' elements and polymeric interlayers is typically prone to structural modifications relative to temperature applications and other environmental actions such as humidity and solar irradiation. This review compares the weathering resistance of the most common interlayers used in laminated glass composites based on available experimental literature findings. The main mechanical and accelerated ageing tests of laminates with different interlayer materials are summarised, giving evidence of the impact of these environmental actions on the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of laminated glass composites plates. This research provides valuable references for predicting the long-term behaviour and risk evaluation of laminated glass composites under diverse ageing conditions.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85818823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norihan Abdullah, K. Abdan, Mohd Huzaifah Mohd Roslim, M. Radzuan, Lee Ching Hao, A. R. Shafi
In recent years, there has been much effort to find cost-effective ways to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics with biodegradable polymers with comparable thermal characteristics. The 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 15 wt.% kenaf fiber were melted, and blended with polyamide-6 via a Brabender mixer, followed by compression molding. To evaluate the thermal properties of composites, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) were conducted. According to the TGA results, increased kenaf fiber contents decreased the composite’s thermal stability. Neat PA6 matrix decomposed rapidly at 425°C, which was comparatively higher than PA6 composites. From the DSC analysis, the addition of natural fibers resulted in quantified changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallization temperature (Tc) of the PA6 composites. According to the DMA, the storage modulus of neat PA6 was 1177 MPa and decreased to 1076 MPa for 5 wt% of kenaf fiber in PA6 composite. The Kenaf fiber/polyamide 6 composites appeared to have lower thermal stability than neat PA6. This study demonstrated that the kenaf fiber/polyamide 6 composites were successfully prepared, and a detailed thermal analysis was conducted. Improving the KF/PA6 composites can be further studied to increase thermal stability.
{"title":"Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites by Melt Processing","authors":"Norihan Abdullah, K. Abdan, Mohd Huzaifah Mohd Roslim, M. Radzuan, Lee Ching Hao, A. R. Shafi","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.16","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been much effort to find cost-effective ways to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics with biodegradable polymers with comparable thermal characteristics. The 5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, and 15 wt.% kenaf fiber were melted, and blended with polyamide-6 via a Brabender mixer, followed by compression molding. To evaluate the thermal properties of composites, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) were conducted. According to the TGA results, increased kenaf fiber contents decreased the composite’s thermal stability. Neat PA6 matrix decomposed rapidly at 425°C, which was comparatively higher than PA6 composites. From the DSC analysis, the addition of natural fibers resulted in quantified changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallization temperature (Tc) of the PA6 composites. According to the DMA, the storage modulus of neat PA6 was 1177 MPa and decreased to 1076 MPa for 5 wt% of kenaf fiber in PA6 composite. The Kenaf fiber/polyamide 6 composites appeared to have lower thermal stability than neat PA6. This study demonstrated that the kenaf fiber/polyamide 6 composites were successfully prepared, and a detailed thermal analysis was conducted. Improving the KF/PA6 composites can be further studied to increase thermal stability.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90664913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aliyu, Muskhazli Mustafa, Nor Azwady Abd Aziz, N. S. Hadi
Sub-standard soils are of great concern worldwide due to diverse economic losses and the possibility of severe environmental hazards ranging from catastrophic landslides, building collapse, and erosion to loss of lives and properties. This study explored the potential of urease-producing bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides, to stabilise sub-standard soil bio-stabilisation. The maximum urease activity measured by B. cereus and B. paramycoides was 665 U/mL and 620 U/mL, respectively. B. cereus and B. paramycoides precipitated 943 ± 57 mg/L and 793 ± 51 mg/L of CaCO3 at an optical density (425 nm) of 1.01 and 1.09 and pH 8.83 and 8.59, respectively, after 96 hours of incubation. SEM microstructural analysis of the precipitated CaCO3 revealed crystals of various sizes (2.0–23.0 µm) with different morphologies. XRD analysis confirmed that the precipitated CaCO3 comprised calcite and aragonite crystals. SEM analysis of the microstructure of organic and sandy clay soils treated with B. cereus and B. paramycoides showed the formation of bio-precipitated calcium carbonate deposits on the soil particles (biocementing soil grains), with B. cereus precipitating more CaCO3 crystals with a better biocementing effect compared to B. paramycoides. Overall, the experimental results attributed CaCO3 formation to bacterial-associated processes, suggesting that soil ureolytic bacteria are potentially useful to stabilise sub-standard soil.
{"title":"A Study on Bio-Stabilisation of Sub-Standard Soil by Indigenous Soil Urease-Producing Bacteria","authors":"A. Aliyu, Muskhazli Mustafa, Nor Azwady Abd Aziz, N. S. Hadi","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.18","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-standard soils are of great concern worldwide due to diverse economic losses and the possibility of severe environmental hazards ranging from catastrophic landslides, building collapse, and erosion to loss of lives and properties. This study explored the potential of urease-producing bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus paramycoides, to stabilise sub-standard soil bio-stabilisation. The maximum urease activity measured by B. cereus and B. paramycoides was 665 U/mL and 620 U/mL, respectively. B. cereus and B. paramycoides precipitated 943 ± 57 mg/L and 793 ± 51 mg/L of CaCO3 at an optical density (425 nm) of 1.01 and 1.09 and pH 8.83 and 8.59, respectively, after 96 hours of incubation. SEM microstructural analysis of the precipitated CaCO3 revealed crystals of various sizes (2.0–23.0 µm) with different morphologies. XRD analysis confirmed that the precipitated CaCO3 comprised calcite and aragonite crystals. SEM analysis of the microstructure of organic and sandy clay soils treated with B. cereus and B. paramycoides showed the formation of bio-precipitated calcium carbonate deposits on the soil particles (biocementing soil grains), with B. cereus precipitating more CaCO3 crystals with a better biocementing effect compared to B. paramycoides. Overall, the experimental results attributed CaCO3 formation to bacterial-associated processes, suggesting that soil ureolytic bacteria are potentially useful to stabilise sub-standard soil.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85278497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As we age, the chances of becoming disabled tend to increase due to an accumulation of health risks from a lifetime of illness, injury, and disability. This research examines the increasing life expectancy of the Malaysian population in relation to their disability status from 2015 to 2019. Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) was computed using the Sullivan's approach; subsequently, compression or expansion of disability over the two observation years, 2015 and 2019, were analysed. Malaysian disability prevalence rates by age groups for 2015 and 2019 were used to execute this research. In addition, the respective mortality rates by age were gathered from the Department of Statistics of Malaysia. Results showed that, as life expectancy increases, the number of years lived without a disability would rise significantly while the anticipated number of years with a disability will be concurrently declining, suggesting evidence of disability compression. It was also observed that the median age at which the number of years spent with a disability higher than without a disability was 55 in 2015, then delayed to 67.5 in 2019. This study informs medical practitioners and health policymakers about the average lifespan of Malaysians without disabilities, which can indicate the population's general health status.
{"title":"Estimating Disability-Free Life Expectancy of Malaysian Population Using the Sullivan's Approach","authors":"Khairunnisa Mokhtar, S. N. Shair, N. M. Md Lazam","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.20","url":null,"abstract":"As we age, the chances of becoming disabled tend to increase due to an accumulation of health risks from a lifetime of illness, injury, and disability. This research examines the increasing life expectancy of the Malaysian population in relation to their disability status from 2015 to 2019. Disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) was computed using the Sullivan's approach; subsequently, compression or expansion of disability over the two observation years, 2015 and 2019, were analysed. Malaysian disability prevalence rates by age groups for 2015 and 2019 were used to execute this research. In addition, the respective mortality rates by age were gathered from the Department of Statistics of Malaysia. Results showed that, as life expectancy increases, the number of years lived without a disability would rise significantly while the anticipated number of years with a disability will be concurrently declining, suggesting evidence of disability compression. It was also observed that the median age at which the number of years spent with a disability higher than without a disability was 55 in 2015, then delayed to 67.5 in 2019. This study informs medical practitioners and health policymakers about the average lifespan of Malaysians without disabilities, which can indicate the population's general health status.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81691229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of the tremendous growth in digital imaging, enhanced communication and storage technology, billions of images are captured, stored, and exchanged daily. Finding and searching for an image in a large collection is becoming challenging. The query by reference image retrieval (IR) technique aims to close the semantic gap between the query and retrieve images while improving performance. The primary goal of the work proposed here is to develop discriminative and descriptive features of the image with the minimum possible size. Here, the weighted feature fusion-based IR technique is proposed using Sauvola local thresholding (SLT) and Thepade’s Sorted Block Truncation Coding (SBTC) methods. The proposed technique is tested using two standard datasets with mean square error (MSE) as a distance measure and average retrieval accuracy (ARA) as a performance metric. The technique has contributed to the enhancement of ARA with the small and fixed-size image feature vector. The feature vector generated is much smaller than the image dimension and is used as a feature vector to represent the image for retrieval. Results prove that the proposed technique of SBTC 8-ary with 0.1 weight and SLT with 0.9 weight feature fusion gives better ARA than other techniques studied.
{"title":"Image Retrieval Using Fusion of Sauvola and Thepade’s Sorted Block Truncation Coding-Based Color Features","authors":"Jaya H. Dewan, Sudeep D. Thepade","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.06","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the tremendous growth in digital imaging, enhanced communication and storage technology, billions of images are captured, stored, and exchanged daily. Finding and searching for an image in a large collection is becoming challenging. The query by reference image retrieval (IR) technique aims to close the semantic gap between the query and retrieve images while improving performance. The primary goal of the work proposed here is to develop discriminative and descriptive features of the image with the minimum possible size. Here, the weighted feature fusion-based IR technique is proposed using Sauvola local thresholding (SLT) and Thepade’s Sorted Block Truncation Coding (SBTC) methods. The proposed technique is tested using two standard datasets with mean square error (MSE) as a distance measure and average retrieval accuracy (ARA) as a performance metric. The technique has contributed to the enhancement of ARA with the small and fixed-size image feature vector. The feature vector generated is much smaller than the image dimension and is used as a feature vector to represent the image for retrieval. Results prove that the proposed technique of SBTC 8-ary with 0.1 weight and SLT with 0.9 weight feature fusion gives better ARA than other techniques studied.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"116 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84249577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to utilize water hyacinth and spent coffee grounds (SGC) as raw materials to produce bio-compost and its effects on rice growth. Four different bio-compost formulations were produced. The water hyacinth (6 kg) and dried cow manure (2 kg) were thoroughly mixed and added with SGC+EM (Trial 1), SGC+water (Trial 2), EM (Trial 3), and water (Trial 4). At the end of fermentation, the 3 types of macronutrients (N, P, and K) were determined. Germination percentage and growth in response to this bio-compost were also assessed. The results found that the bio-compost consisted of N, P, and K, ranging from 311–350, 154–197, and 23–25 mg/100 g, respectively. All bio-composts had a favorable effect on the germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, and vigor index of rice seedlings in the seed germination assay. Trial 2 gave the highest root and shoot lengths of 7.32 and 4.35 cm, respectively, and the greatest value of 1051 of the vigor index. At 45 DAS, the results revealed that all trials of bio-compost had a beneficial influence on the development of rice seedlings by increasing root and shoot lengths and fresh and dried weights of rice seedlings, especially Trial 2, which consisted of SGC when compared to the controls. In this phenomenon, the presence of SGC at low concentrations could encourage rice growth.
{"title":"Utilization of Water Hyacinth and Spent Coffee Ground as Raw Materials to Produce Bio-Compost","authors":"Thanakorn Saengsanga, Napat Noinumsai","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to utilize water hyacinth and spent coffee grounds (SGC) as raw materials to produce bio-compost and its effects on rice growth. Four different bio-compost formulations were produced. The water hyacinth (6 kg) and dried cow manure (2 kg) were thoroughly mixed and added with SGC+EM (Trial 1), SGC+water (Trial 2), EM (Trial 3), and water (Trial 4). At the end of fermentation, the 3 types of macronutrients (N, P, and K) were determined. Germination percentage and growth in response to this bio-compost were also assessed. The results found that the bio-compost consisted of N, P, and K, ranging from 311–350, 154–197, and 23–25 mg/100 g, respectively. All bio-composts had a favorable effect on the germination percentage, root and shoot lengths, and vigor index of rice seedlings in the seed germination assay. Trial 2 gave the highest root and shoot lengths of 7.32 and 4.35 cm, respectively, and the greatest value of 1051 of the vigor index. At 45 DAS, the results revealed that all trials of bio-compost had a beneficial influence on the development of rice seedlings by increasing root and shoot lengths and fresh and dried weights of rice seedlings, especially Trial 2, which consisted of SGC when compared to the controls. In this phenomenon, the presence of SGC at low concentrations could encourage rice growth.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74645023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umi Kalsom Mohamad Yusof, S. Mashohor, M. Hanafi, S. Md Noor, Norsafina Zainal
Many diseases require histopathology images to characterise biological components or study cell and tissue architectures. The histopathology images are also essential in supporting disease classification, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Despite significant developments to improve the diagnostic tools, morphological assessment from histopathology images obtained by bone marrow trephine (BMT) remains crucial to confirm MPN subtypes. However, the assessment outcome is challenging due to subjective characteristics that are hard to replicate due to its inter-observer variability. Apart from that, image processing may reduce the quality of the BMT images and affect the diagnosis result. This study has developed a classification system for classical MPN subtypes: polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (MF). It was done by reconstructing low-resolution images of BMT using a super-resolution approach to address the issue. Identified low-resolution images from calculating Laplacian variance were reconstructed using a super-resolution convolution neural network (SRCNN) to transform into rich information of high-resolution images. Original BMT images and reconstructed BMT images using the SRCNN dataset were fed into a CNN classifier, and the classifier’s output for both datasets was compared accordingly. Based on the result, the dataset consisting of the reconstructed images showed better output with 92% accuracy, while the control images gave 88% accuracy. In conclusion, the high quality of histopathology images substantially impacts disease process classification, and the reconstruction of low-resolution images has improved the classification output.
{"title":"Super-Resolution Approach to Enhance Bone Marrow Trephine Image in the Classification of Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms","authors":"Umi Kalsom Mohamad Yusof, S. Mashohor, M. Hanafi, S. Md Noor, Norsafina Zainal","doi":"10.47836/pjst.31.5.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.31.5.02","url":null,"abstract":"Many diseases require histopathology images to characterise biological components or study cell and tissue architectures. The histopathology images are also essential in supporting disease classification, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Despite significant developments to improve the diagnostic tools, morphological assessment from histopathology images obtained by bone marrow trephine (BMT) remains crucial to confirm MPN subtypes. However, the assessment outcome is challenging due to subjective characteristics that are hard to replicate due to its inter-observer variability. Apart from that, image processing may reduce the quality of the BMT images and affect the diagnosis result. This study has developed a classification system for classical MPN subtypes: polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (MF). It was done by reconstructing low-resolution images of BMT using a super-resolution approach to address the issue. Identified low-resolution images from calculating Laplacian variance were reconstructed using a super-resolution convolution neural network (SRCNN) to transform into rich information of high-resolution images. Original BMT images and reconstructed BMT images using the SRCNN dataset were fed into a CNN classifier, and the classifier’s output for both datasets was compared accordingly. Based on the result, the dataset consisting of the reconstructed images showed better output with 92% accuracy, while the control images gave 88% accuracy. In conclusion, the high quality of histopathology images substantially impacts disease process classification, and the reconstruction of low-resolution images has improved the classification output.","PeriodicalId":46234,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74821757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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