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Economic and Monetary Union: A test for US‐European relations 经济与货币联盟:对美欧关系的考验
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456885
Steven Everts
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引用次数: 0
The new dimensions of organized crime in Southeastern Europe 东南欧有组织犯罪的新方面
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456888
A. Politi
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引用次数: 5
Joint actions for peace‐building in the Mediterranean 地中海建设和平的联合行动
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456890
Fred Tanner
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引用次数: 2
Economic aspects of European and Balkan regional integration 欧洲和巴尔干地区一体化的经济方面
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456887
Loukas Tsoukalis
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引用次数: 1
European defence: Beyond functional convergence. Procedures and institutions 欧洲防务:超越功能趋同。程序和制度
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456873
G. Bonvicini
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引用次数: 3
Lessons of international law from NATO's armed intervention against the federal republic of Yugoslavia 北约武装干预南斯拉夫联邦共和国的国际法教训
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456875
N. Ronzitti
Under the UN Charter, the threat and use of force is prohibited by Article 2.4, which most writers consider a peremptory norm of international law. The use of force by individual states (acting alone or in a military alliance) is permitted only in self-defence under article 51 or against “enemy states”, according to Articles 107 and 53 (the action may be taken by individual states or by a regional organisation). The practice shows that states are lawfully permitted to resort to force, if they are authorised by the UN Security Council (SC), acting under Chapter VII, that is, if the SC determines that there is a threat to peace or a breach of peace or that an act of aggression have taken place. This point is no longer object of controversy, even though writers are questioning whether this permissive rule is the consequence of a custom within the Charter or can simply be derived from Article 48, which states that actions required to carry out decisions of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security shall be taken by all UN members “or by some of them”. 1
根据《联合国宪章》,第2.4条禁止以武力相威胁和使用武力,大多数作者认为这是国际法的强制性规范。根据第51条的规定,只有在自卫的情况下,或者在第107条和第53条的规定下,针对“敌国”的情况下,个别国家(单独行动或军事同盟行动)才被允许使用武力(这种行动可以由个别国家或地区组织采取)。实践表明,如果各国得到联合国安理会授权,根据第七章行事,也就是说,如果安理会确定存在对和平的威胁或破坏和平或侵略行为已经发生,那么各国就可以合法地使用武力。这一点已不再是争论的对象,尽管作者们正在质疑这一允许规则是《宪章》内的一种习惯的结果,还是可以简单地从第48条推导出来,该条规定,为执行安理会维持国际和平与安全的决定所需要的行动,应由所有联合国会员国“或其中一些会员国”采取。1
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引用次数: 9
Atlantic and European defence after Kosovo 科索沃之后的大西洋和欧洲防御
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456872
S. Silvestri
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引用次数: 2
The new Algerian president between the army and the Islamists 阿尔及利亚新总统在军队和伊斯兰主义者之间
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456871
Lahouari Addi
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引用次数: 1
Italy's crisis diplomacy in Kosovo, March‐June 1999 意大利在科索沃的危机外交,1999年3 - 6月
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456877
R. Balfour, R. Menotti, G. D. Biase
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引用次数: 4
Mercosur after the Brazilian financial turmoil 在巴西金融动荡之后,南方共同市场
IF 1.7 Q2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Pub Date : 1999-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/03932729908456878
Paulo S. Wrobel
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引用次数: 1
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