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Long-term Rural Settlement Continuity and Land Use during the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Northern Franconian Low Mountain Range 弗兰肯低山脉北部青铜时代和铁器时代农村定居点的长期连续性和土地使用情况
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.2
Timo Seregély, Katja Kothieringer, Doris Jansen, Markus Fuchs, Thomas Kolb, Andreas Schäfer
In this article, the authors present the salient archaeological results of a diachronic, interdisciplinary research project on rural settlement and land use in a region of low mountains in southern Germany. Despite clear locational disadvantages, in particular great distances to drinking water sources, archaeological excavations and an extensive dating programme document an unexpectedly long continuity of prehistoric settlement in the area.
在这篇文章中，作者介绍了一个关于德国南部低山区农村聚落和土地利用的跨学科研究项目的重要考古成果。尽管存在明显的地理劣势，特别是距离饮用水源很远，但考古发掘和广泛的年代测定计划记录了该地区史前聚落出人意料的长期连续性。
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引用次数: 0
Who, Why, When, and Where From? The Peopling of the Canary Islands and the Challenges of Archaeometry 谁、为什么、何时、从哪里来？加那利群岛的人口与考古学的挑战
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2024.4
Paloma Cuello del Pozo
Archaeologists in the Canary Islands have gathered substantial quantitative data from radiocarbon measurements and aDNA analyses. While undeniably helpful and necessary for apprehending past human activity, their interpretation, based on theories underpinning models developed for island chains, has lagged, leaving a gap in our understanding of processes of occupation and social network systems. The decontextualized nature of the archaeological landscape of the Canaries and a lack of consensus about proper radiocarbon methodologies are some of the factors contributing to heated scholarly debate. Here, for the Canary Islands, the author reviews the current literature on aDNA and discusses settlement theories, the chronological evidence used for occupation models, and how such perspectives align with current thinking on island colonization.
加那利群岛的考古学家通过放射性碳测量和 aDNA 分析收集了大量定量数据。不可否认，这些数据对了解过去的人类活动很有帮助，也很有必要，但根据为岛链开发的模型所依据的理论对这些数据进行的解释却很滞后，使我们对占领过程和社会网络系统的了解存在差距。加那利群岛考古景观的非背景化性质以及对适当的放射性碳方法缺乏共识是导致激烈学术辩论的部分因素。在此，作者回顾了目前有关加那利群岛的 aDNA 文献，并讨论了定居理论、占领模型所使用的年代学证据，以及这些观点如何与当前的岛屿殖民化思想保持一致。
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引用次数: 0
Early Chariots and Religion in South-East Europe and the Aegean During the Bronze Age: A Reappraisal of the Dupljaja Chariot in Context 青铜时代东南欧和爱琴海的早期战车与宗教:对杜普贾贾战车的重新评价
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.39
Barry Molloy, Silvia Amicone, Jugoslav Pendić, Dragan Jovanović, Jovan Mitrović
The iconic Dupljaja chariot model from the Carpathian Basin informs us on cosmologies and technologies of Bronze Age societies in Europe between 1600 and 1200 BC. It communicates key elements of religious imagery and ritual practice alongside technical features of working chariots. Through a detailed reappraisal employing use-wear, compositional, and iconographic analyses as well as 3D modelling of the chariot model, the authors explore the social context of its creation and use. Integrating functional wheels with four spokes and iconographic depictions of the similar cross-in-circle symbol, the Dupljaja chariot combines and cross-references motifs with pan-European relevance in the Bronze Age. The study aims to better understand the interplay between the local and regional context of the Dupljaja chariot and how its distinct features arose from the material and ideological networks defining later Bronze Age Europe.
来自喀尔巴阡盆地的标志性的Dupljaja战车模型告诉我们公元前1600年至公元前1200年之间欧洲青铜时代社会的宇宙学和技术。它传达了宗教意象和仪式实践的关键要素以及工作战车的技术特征。通过使用磨损，构图和图像分析以及战车模型的3D建模的详细重新评估，作者探索了其创作和使用的社会背景。结合了四个辐条的功能车轮和类似的圆形交叉符号的图像描述，杜普贾贾战车结合并交叉参考了与青铜时代泛欧洲相关的主题。这项研究旨在更好地了解杜普贾贾战车的地方和区域背景之间的相互作用，以及它的独特特征是如何从定义后来青铜时代欧洲的物质和意识形态网络中产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Connectivity Between Northern Iberia and Western France (2900–1100 cal bc): The Flux of Metalwork in the Bay of Biscay Modelled by Multivariate Clustering 伊比利亚北部和法国西部之间的连通性(公元前2900-1100 cal):比斯开湾金属制品的流动，多变量聚类模型
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.41
Juan Latorre-Ruiz
Connections between northern Iberia and western France around the Bay of Biscay during the Chalcolithic, Early Bronze Age, and Middle Bronze Age are addressed in this article through a multivariate cluster analysis of a dataset of 1273 metal finds, comprising 4554 metal artefacts grouped into five multiregional clusters with distinctive distributions, chronologies, content, and contexts. Changes in distribution and chronology show that metalwork from faraway regions was deposited in similar ways, reflecting changing patterns of interregional connectivity. Changes in context and content suggest social transformations. The clustering method known as Latent Class Analysis is presented here in the hope that it will be applicable to other datasets elsewhere in the world.
本文通过对1273个金属发现数据集的多元聚类分析，探讨了比斯开湾周围伊比利亚北部和法国西部在铜器时代、早期青铜器时代和中期青铜器时代之间的联系，其中包括4554件金属文物，这些金属文物被分为五个多区域集群，具有不同的分布、年代、内容和背景。分布和年代的变化表明，来自遥远地区的金属制品以相似的方式沉积，反映了区域间连通性的变化模式。背景和内容的变化表明社会转型。本文提出了一种被称为潜在类分析的聚类方法，希望它能适用于世界上其他地方的其他数据集。
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引用次数: 0
Transport Costs and Economic Change in Roman Britain 罗马时期不列颠的运输成本与经济变迁
2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.37
Scott Ortman, Olivia Bulik, Rob Wiseman, José Lobo, Luis Bettencourt, Lisa Lodwick
Reductions in the cost of transporting manufactured goods have been an important element in economic development in the recent past, and previous research suggests that the Roman period in Britain also saw substantial reductions in such costs. The authors investigate how far it is possible to measure changes in transport costs by considering the spatial distributions of pottery from known Roman production locations over time. Their analysis of an extensive database of pottery assemblages is designed to evaluate a series of expectations concerning how reductions in transport costs may have affected such assemblages and their distribution. Results suggest that costs were reduced by a factor of about two, leading to related changes in pottery production, distribution, and consumption over time. The ability to quantify changes in transport costs opens new perspectives for investigating the general determinants of economic development using archaeological data.
制造业产品运输成本的降低是近年来经济发展的一个重要因素，之前的研究表明，罗马时期的英国也大幅降低了这类成本。作者通过考虑已知罗马生产地点陶器的空间分布，研究了在多大程度上可以衡量运输成本的变化。他们对一个广泛的陶器组合数据库进行分析，旨在评估一系列关于运输成本降低如何影响这些组合及其分布的预期。结果表明，随着时间的推移，成本降低了大约两倍，导致了陶器生产、分销和消费的相关变化。量化运输成本变化的能力为利用考古数据调查经济发展的一般决定因素开辟了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Three Dogs from the Late Iron Age Boat Grave Cemetery at Gamla Uppsala Prästgården, Sweden 来自瑞典Gamla Uppsala Prästgården铁器时代晚期船墓墓地的三只狗
2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.40
Christopher Nichols
Excavations at the vicarage yard ( prästgården ) at the famous Late Iron Age magnate centre of Gamla Uppsala, Sweden, have yielded six Viking Age ( c. ad 750–1100) boat burials, several containing the remains of domestic dogs. The present study is an osteological examination of the remains of three of these dogs, one each from three boat graves, with a primary goal of morphological reconstruction and a secondary focus on identifying sex, age, and pathology. Two dogs were large, slender sight hounds, while the third was somewhat smaller and of indeterminate type. The preference for sight hounds in high-status graves is consistent with previous results from the contemporaneous nearby boat cemeteries of Vendel and Valsgärde, adding weight to the hypothesis of a shared funerary culture between these sites in the Late Iron Age.
在瑞典Gamla Uppsala著名的铁器时代晚期大亨中心的牧师住宅院子(prästgården)的挖掘工作中，发现了六个维京时代(公元750-1100年)的船葬，其中一些有家养狗的遗骸。目前的研究是对其中三只狗的遗骸进行骨学检查，每只狗来自三个船墓，主要目的是形态学重建，次要重点是识别性别，年龄和病理。两只狗是又大又瘦的猎犬，而第三只狗则稍小一些，属于不确定的类型。在高地位的坟墓中，猎犬的偏好与先前在Vendel和Valsgärde附近同一时期的船墓地的结果一致，增加了这些地点在铁器时代晚期共享丧葬文化的假设的权重。
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引用次数: 0
Battlefield, Barracks, or Hospital? A Bioarchaeological Investigation of a Mass Grave at the Jičín Observatory, Czech Republic 战场，兵营，还是医院?对捷克共和国Jičín天文台万人坑的生物考古调查
2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.36
Leslie Quade, Laia Sevillano, Daniel Gaudio
In 2016, a rescue excavation at the Jičín Natural Sciences Centre and Observatory uncovered a mass grave containing multiple commingled individuals buried in several layers. Zinc buttons and clothing remnants possibly related to eighteenth–nineteenth-century military uniforms found in the grave suggest that these individuals were soldiers. During this period, the Jičín region experienced numerous battles and was the location of several military barracks, hospitals, and transport routes, in addition to supporting civilian populations. To contextualize this burial site, bioarchaeological analyses including assessments of age-at-death, sex, and stature, and recording the presence of injury or medical intervention were conducted. A high frequency of young adult males suggests that the grave was related to military activity. The presence of infants, limited evidence of perimortem trauma, and absence of signs of medical treatment could indicate that this mass grave was related to military encampments rather than battlefield contexts.
2016年，在Jičín自然科学中心和天文台的一次救援挖掘中，发现了一个集体坟墓，其中有多个混合的个体被埋在几层中。在坟墓中发现的锌纽扣和可能与18 - 19世纪军装有关的衣服残留物表明这些人是士兵。在此期间，Jičín地区经历了多次战斗，除了为平民提供支助外，还设有几个军营、医院和运输路线。为了了解这一埋葬地点的背景，进行了生物考古分析，包括对死亡年龄、性别和身材的评估，并记录了受伤或医疗干预的存在。年轻成年男性的高频率表明该坟墓与军事活动有关。婴儿的存在、有限的死前创伤证据以及没有医疗迹象表明，这个万人冢可能与军营有关，而不是与战场有关。
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引用次数: 0
Burgi in the Loess Plain of the Lower Rhine Region in Late Antiquity 晚上古时期莱茵河下游黄土平原的布吉
2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.38
James Dodd
Defensive infrastructure in the hinterland of the late Roman province of Germania Secunda hinged upon the widespread use of burgi . These defended settlements played a role in transforming villa estates, depopulated zones, and the expansion of the military footprint. They are common in the late third- and fourth-century landscape, spread throughout the loess belt of Belgium, Dutch Limburg, and the Rhineland, yet little has been done to quantify them. This article is dedicated to the chronology, morphology, and functional aspects of burgi , primarily in the loess plain of the Lower Rhine region. The author assembles data from a wide variety of burgi , to characterize them and reach meaningful conclusions about what they represent within the landscape, in the hope that it will act as a pilot project for future work in the field.
罗马晚期日耳曼尼亚省(Germania Secunda)腹地的防御基础设施依赖于布吉的广泛使用。这些防御定居点在改造别墅庄园、人口稀少地区和扩大军事足迹方面发挥了作用。它们在3世纪晚期和4世纪的景观中很常见，遍布比利时、荷兰林堡和莱茵兰的黄土带，但很少有人对它们进行量化。这篇文章致力于布吉的年代学、形态和功能方面，主要是在莱茵河下游地区的黄土平原。作者收集了来自各种各样的burgi的数据，对它们进行了表征，并就它们在景观中所代表的东西得出了有意义的结论，希望它能作为该领域未来工作的试点项目。
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引用次数: 0
From Tents to Pit Houses: A Quantitative Study of Dwelling Trends in Mesolithic Norway, 9500–4000 bc 从帐篷到坑屋:公元前9500-4000年挪威中石器时代居住趋势的定量研究
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.35
Silje E. Fretheim

A quantitative analysis of 150 Mesolithic dwellings in Norway, dated to between 9500 and 4000 cal bc, forms the core of a chronological and regional study based on fifteen variables, including floor size and shape, floor modifications and wall features, internal hearths, numbers and distribution of artefacts, traces of maintenance or reuse, and the number of dwellings per site. The study identifies a distinct change in dwelling traditions between the Early and Middle Mesolithic, around 8000 cal bc. Tents are typical of the Early Mesolithic, whereas remains of pit houses dominate in all later phases of the Mesolithic. The study also sheds light on variability in dwelling traditions after 8000 cal bc, which appears to relate to changes in social structure, growing territoriality, and regional differences.

对挪威150个中石器时代住宅的定量分析，可追溯到公元前9500至4000 cal之间，形成了基于15个变量的时间和区域研究的核心，包括地板大小和形状，地板修改和墙壁特征，内部壁炉，人工制品的数量和分布，维护或再利用的痕迹，以及每个地点的住宅数量。该研究发现，在公元前8000年左右的中石器时代早期和中期，居住传统发生了明显变化。帐篷是中石器时代早期的典型特征，而坑屋的遗迹则在中石器时代的所有后期阶段占据主导地位。这项研究还揭示了公元前8000年之后居住传统的变化，这似乎与社会结构的变化、领土的增长和地区差异有关。
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引用次数: 0
Luc Laporte, Jean-Marc Large, Laurent Nespoulous, Chris Scarre and Tara Steimer-Herbet, eds. Megaliths of the World (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2022, 2 vols, 1428pp., numerous b/w and colour illustr., pbk, ISBN: 9781803273204, Digital ISBN: 9781803273211, Open Access: http://doi.org/10.32028/9781803273204) Luc Laporte, Jean-Marc Large, Laurent Nespoulous, Chris Scarre和Tara stemer - herbet主编。《世界巨石》(牛津:古出版社，2022年，2卷，1428页)，大量的b/w和彩色插图。， pk, ISBN: 9781803273204，数字ISBN: 9781803273211，开放获取:http://doi.org/10.32028/9781803273204)
2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
European Journal of Archaeology
Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2023.29
Marta Díaz-Guardamino
Luc Laporte, Jean-Marc Large, Laurent Nespoulous, Chris Scarre and Tara Steimer-Herbet, eds. Megaliths of the World (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2022, 2 vols, 1428pp., numerous b/w and colour illustr., pbk, ISBN: 9781803273204, Digital ISBN: 9781803273211, Open Access: http://doi.org/10.32028/9781803273204) - Volume 26 Issue 4
Luc Laporte, Jean-Marc Large, Laurent Nespoulous, Chris Scarre和Tara stemer - herbet主编。《世界巨石》(牛津:古出版社，2022年，2卷，1428页)，大量的b/w和彩色插图。， pbk, ISBN: 9781803273204，数字ISBN: 9781803273211，开放获取:http://doi.org/10.32028/9781803273204) -第26卷第4期
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引用次数: 0
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