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To Gender or not To Gender? Exploring Gender Variations through Time and Space 要性别还是不要性别?通过时间和空间探索性别变化
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.51
B. Gaydarska, K. Rebay-Salisbury, Paz Ramírez Valiente, J. E. Fries, D. Hofmann, A. Augereau, J. Chapman, Maria Mina, E. Pape, N. Ialongo, Daniela Nordholz, P. Bickle, Mark Haughton, John Robb, O. Harris
This article is based on an EAA session in Kiel in 2021, in which thirteen contributors provide their response to Robb and Harris's (2018) overview of studies of gender in the European Neolithic and Bronze Age, with a reply by Robb and Harris. The central premise of their 2018 article was the opposition of ‘contextual Neolithic gender’ to ‘cross-contextual Bronze Age gender’, which created uneasiness among the four co-organizers of the Kiel meeting. Reading Robb and Harris's original article leaves the impression that there is an essentialist ‘Neolithic’ and ‘Bronze Age’ gender, the former being under-theorized, unclear, and unstable, the latter binary, unchangeable, and ideological. While Robb and Harris have clearly advanced the discussion on gender, the perspectives and case studies presented here, while critical of their views, take the debate further, painting a more complex and diverse picture that strives to avoid essentialism.
本文基于2021年在基尔举行的EAA会议,其中13位撰稿人对Robb和Harris(2018)对欧洲新石器时代和青铜时代性别研究的概述做出了回应,Robb和哈里斯对此做出了回复。他们2018年文章的中心前提是反对“新石器时代背景性别”和“青铜时代跨背景性别”,这在基尔会议的四位联合组织者中造成了不安。阅读Robb和Harris的原创文章会给人留下这样的印象:存在一种本质主义的“新石器时代”和“青铜时代”性别,前者理论化不足、不明确、不稳定,后者是二元的、不可改变的、意识形态的。虽然Robb和Harris明确推进了关于性别的讨论,但这里提出的观点和案例研究在批评他们观点的同时,进一步推动了辩论,描绘了一幅更加复杂和多样化的画面,努力避免本质主义。
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引用次数: 2
EAA volume 26 issue 1 Cover and Front matter EAA第26卷第1期封面和封面问题
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.52
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引用次数: 0
EAA volume 26 issue 1 Cover and Back matter EAA第26卷第1期封面和封底
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.53
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-06 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.49
C. Frieman
With its twenty-sixth volume, the European Journal of Archaeology, enters a new era in its journey towards becoming a digital publication. After several years of discussion and a poll of EAA members in 2019 regarding their experience of the print journal, the EAA executive made the decision to go (mostly) digital as part of EAA’s commitment to sustainable practice. Print copies can be purchased, but are no longer included in membership by default. This move greatly reduces both plastic waste and air-miles associated with the journal’s production and dissemination, while also being a key step in the process of transforming EJA into a fully open access journal. We are undertaking this process with care and in close collaboration with our publisher Cambridge University Press, with the goal of creating an accessible (to both readers and all potential authors) and extremely high-quality journal for the twenty-first century. I am both proud and slightly intimidated to be the person at the helm, charged with navigating the EJA into its new future. In this issue of the European Journal of Archaeology, we feature six articles ranging from the Palaeolithic to the Early Medieval period and from Italy and Anatolia to Scandinavia and Ireland. García-Diez and colleagues start this issue with a new chronological interpretation of rock art from Las Chimeneas in Cantabria, Spain. On the basis of four new AMS dates, in combination with two older AMS dates and a contextual comparison of the Las Chimeneas panels with Iberian Palaeolithic portable and parietal art, they argue that the site’s art can be dated to the lower Magdalenian, 19,000-17,500 BP. Although four dates is not many, the authors make clear the value of combining AMS and stylistic data to date rock art; and, moreover, they convincingly argue that the future of rock art chronologies lies in the transparent exegesis of the process and materials used to date these types of sites. Shifting several millennia into the future, Haughton brings us to Early Bronze Age Britain and Ireland where he investigates the funerary rites at a number of different sites to argue that people in these areas had diverse locally significant and culturally contingent gender systems. He suggests that ideas of homogeneous Bronze Age social conformations, including gender, developed by archaeologists based on a Central European core region, can be productively challenged with outlier data from social and geographical margins, such as Britain and Ireland. Indeed, to my mind, he returns us to an important broader debate: to what extent are funerary practices useful for the reconstruction of living societies in the past? Dardeniz brings us on a tour of salt production and use in Bronze Age Anatolia. She productively synthesizes archaeological, textual, ethnographic, and geographic data to reconstruct the production and circulation of salt in the third and second millennia BC to hypothesize its role in the various political economies
随着第26卷的出版,《欧洲考古杂志》进入了一个迈向数字出版物的新时代。经过几年的讨论,并在2019年对EAA成员进行了一项关于他们对印刷期刊的体验的调查,EAA高管决定(主要)采用数字化,作为EAA对可持续实践的承诺的一部分。可以购买打印副本,但默认情况下不再包含在会员资格中。这一举措大大减少了与期刊生产和传播相关的塑料废物和航空里程,同时也是将EJA转变为完全开放获取期刊的关键一步。我们正在与出版商剑桥大学出版社密切合作,小心翼翼地进行这一过程,目标是为21世纪创建一本可访问(读者和所有潜在作者)的高质量期刊。作为掌舵的人,我既自豪又有点害怕,负责引导EJA进入新的未来。在本期的《欧洲考古杂志》中,我们精选了六篇文章,从旧石器时代到中世纪早期,从意大利和安纳托利亚到斯堪的纳维亚和爱尔兰。García-Diez和同事们从对西班牙坎塔布里亚的Las Chimeneas的岩石艺术的新的时间顺序解释开始这个问题。根据四个新的AMS日期,结合两个更早的AMS日期,以及将Las Chimeneas面板与伊比利亚旧石器时代的便携式和顶板艺术进行背景比较,他们认为该遗址的艺术可以追溯到下马格达拉纪,19,000-17,500 BP。虽然四个日期并不多,但作者明确了将AMS和风格数据结合起来确定岩石艺术年代的价值;此外,他们还令人信服地认为,岩石艺术年表的未来在于对这些遗址的年代测定过程和材料进行透明的注释。几千年后,Haughton将我们带到了青铜时代早期的英国和爱尔兰,在那里他调查了许多不同地点的丧葬仪式,认为这些地区的人们有不同的地方意义和文化上的性别制度。他认为,考古学家基于中欧核心地区提出的青铜时代同质社会结构(包括性别)的观点,可以用来自社会和地理边缘(如英国和爱尔兰)的异常数据来有效地挑战。事实上,在我看来,他把我们带回了一个重要的更广泛的辩论:葬礼的实践在多大程度上对重建过去的生活社会有用?达德尼兹带我们参观了青铜时代安纳托利亚的盐生产和使用。她富有成果地综合了考古、文本、人种学和地理数据,重建了公元前三千年和公元前二千年盐的生产和流通,并假设了盐在当时各种政治经济中的作用。她认为,《欧洲考古杂志》26 (1)2023,1 - 2
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引用次数: 0
First Evidence of Trade in Galilean Salted Fish on the Carmel Coast in the Early Islamic Period 伊斯兰时期早期卡梅尔海岸加利利咸鱼贸易的第一个证据
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.50
Sierra Harding, Omri Lernau, W. Wouters, Nimrod Marom, D. Cvikel
The production and maritime trade of salted-fish products are well documented in the western Mediterranean during the Classical and Roman periods. Ichthyological remains found within amphorae in shipwrecks and other archaeological contexts provide evidence for long-distance exchange based on the biogeographical distributions of fish species. The Ma‘agan Mikhael B shipwreck (mid-seventh to mid-eighth century ad) found on the Carmel coast of Israel held three Late Roman amphorae which contained the remains of small fish. The identified species suggest a previously unknown fish-salting operation at the Sea of Galilee during the early Islamic period. The evidence also points to a distribution or trade centre for salted fish at Caesarea-Maritima after the transition to Islamic rule in the eastern Mediterranean. The results of this study demonstrate the value of archaeozoological methods applied to maritime archaeological contexts, attesting to production and trade activities that left few traces in the archaeological record of antiquity.
在古典和罗马时期,地中海西部的咸鱼产品的生产和海上贸易有很好的记录。在海难和其他考古背景下,在双耳瓶内发现的鱼类遗骸为基于鱼类生物地理分布的远距离交换提供了证据。在以色列卡梅尔海岸发现的Ma’agan Mikhael B沉船(公元七世纪中期至八世纪中期)中,有三个罗马晚期的双耳瓶,里面装着小鱼的残骸。已确认的物种表明,在伊斯兰时期早期,加利利海曾有过一次以前未知的鱼类腌制作业。证据还表明,东地中海向伊斯兰统治过渡后,Caesarea Maritima有一个咸鱼分销或贸易中心。这项研究的结果证明了考古动物学方法在海洋考古环境中的价值,证明了在古代考古记录中几乎没有留下痕迹的生产和贸易活动。
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引用次数: 1
Maritime Archaeological Research, Sustainability, and Climate Resilience 海洋考古研究、可持续性和气候适应性
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.48
K. Velentza
Maritime archaeology has been identified as a significant field among the humanities that could contribute to the global sustainable development agenda. This article explores the relevance of maritime archaeological studies to initiatives of climate action. Βy reviewing the contributions of various state-of-the-art projects and by linking their aims and outcomes to specific targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the author highlights the benefits of involving maritime archaeological research in the pursuit of sustainability and climate resilience. This involvement could play a key role in reinforcing human-centred and culturally aware solutions to the current climate change effects that threaten human populations, especially in maritime regions. It is hoped that this discussion will inspire researchers in the humanities, archaeology, and maritime archaeology in particular, to use their expertise within the framework provided by the sustainable development agenda to help build a better future.
海洋考古学已被确定为人文学科中的一个重要领域,可以为全球可持续发展议程做出贡献。本文探讨了海洋考古研究与气候行动倡议的相关性。Βy回顾了各种最先进项目的贡献,并将其目标和成果与联合国可持续发展目标的具体目标联系起来,作者强调了将海洋考古研究纳入追求可持续性和气候适应能力的好处。这种参与可以在加强以人为本和具有文化意识的解决方案方面发挥关键作用,以解决当前威胁人口的气候变化影响,特别是在海洋地区。希望这次讨论能够激励人文、考古学、特别是海洋考古学的研究人员,在可持续发展议程提供的框架内运用他们的专业知识,帮助建设一个更美好的未来。
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引用次数: 1
Beyond Technology: Pottery Reveals Translocal Social Relations at a Bell Beaker Monumental Site in Central Europe 超越技术:陶器揭示了中欧钟烧杯纪念地的跨地方社会关系
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.46
A. Gašpar, J. Petřík, P. Fojtík, Anna Tsoupra, Basira Mir-Makhamad, Ana Cardoso, M. Beltrame, J. Mirão, N. Schiavon, J. Kolář
The Bell Beaker site near Brodek u Prostějova (Czechia) has yielded remains of a large timber construction accompanied by four symmetrical ritual deposits with numerous artefacts, including more than fifty ceramic vessels. Their decoration consists of incised patterns, in nineteen cases with preserved white inlaid incrustations. To investigate the social relations at this extraordinary site, a multi-analytical and micro-destructive approach was employed to determine the provenance and technology of the pottery and the composition of the white incrustations. The results indicate various origins for the pottery within the region and the presence of extra-regional fabrics and graphitic temper. The main raw materials for the white inlays were calcium carbonate (calcite), hydroxyapatite (bone), and bright clay. The mixing of decorative motifs and the variation in the shape and size of the beakers suggest unique manufacturing processes. These results lend support to the monumental site of Brodek serving as a ritual place for several communities from both local and wider areas.
位于Brodek u prost jova(捷克)附近的Bell Beaker遗址发现了一个大型木结构建筑的遗迹,伴随着四个对称的仪式沉积物,其中有许多人工制品,包括50多个陶瓷容器。它们的装饰由切割图案组成,在19个案例中保留了白色镶嵌的外壳。为了调查这个特殊地点的社会关系,研究人员采用了多分析和微破坏的方法来确定陶器的来源和工艺以及白色外壳的组成。结果表明,该地区的陶器来源不同,存在区域外的织物和石墨回火。白色镶嵌体的主要原料为碳酸钙(方解石)、羟基磷灰石(骨)和亮粘土。装饰图案的混合以及烧杯形状和大小的变化表明了独特的制造工艺。这些结果为Brodek纪念性遗址提供了支持,该遗址为当地和更广泛地区的几个社区提供了仪式场所。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenic Heathlands in Prehistoric Atlantic Europe: Review and Future Prospects 史前大西洋欧洲的人为希斯兰:回顾与未来展望
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.42
Havananda Ombashi, Mette Løvschal
Heathlands are unique cultural landscapes that once existed across vast stretches of northern Europe. Their deep-time persistence has formed an intrinsic part of economic and cultural practices. Such a complex interaction requires interdisciplinary approaches, including archaeology, across multiple regions to fully grasp all its aspects. The authors of this article review how research has been conducted in prehistoric heathlands across six nations in north-western Europe and outline the heaths’ general characteristics. They discuss the major issues in that research, namely recurring narratives derived from history, an overall absence of consideration of the cultural aspects of heathlands, and a paucity of cross-regional initiatives. They suggest a series of theoretical and methodological approaches to improve this situation across expanded geographical and temporal scales.
希斯兰是独特的文化景观,曾经存在于北欧的大片地区。它们的长期存在已经形成了经济和文化习俗的内在组成部分。如此复杂的互动需要跨学科的方法,包括考古学,跨越多个地区,以充分掌握其所有方面。这篇文章的作者回顾了如何在欧洲西北部六个国家的史前荒原上进行研究,并概述了荒原的一般特征。他们讨论了该研究中的主要问题,即从历史中反复出现的叙述,全面缺乏对荒原文化方面的考虑,以及缺乏跨区域倡议。他们提出了一系列理论和方法方法,以改善扩大的地理和时间尺度上的这种情况。
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引用次数: 2
A Precarious Future: Reflections from a Survey of Early Career Researchers in Archaeology 一个不稳定的未来:对早期职业考古学研究者调查的思考
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.41
Maxime Brami, Stephanie Emra, Antoine Muller, Bianca Preda-Bălănică, B. Irvine, B. Milić, Aldo Malagó, Katie Meheux, Manuel Fernández-Götz
This article presents the results of a 2021 international online survey of 419 early career researchers in archaeology. Respondents were passionate about pursuing an academic career, but pessimistic about job and career prospects. Statistics highlight specific obstacles, especially for women, from unstable employment to inequitable practices, and a chronic lack of support. Over 180 open-ended comments reveal worrying levels of workplace bullying and discrimination, particularly targeting women and minorities. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career researchers is also examined. The survey's findings are analysed and contextualized within the international higher education sector. A communal effort is necessary to create sustained change, but early career researchers remain hopeful that change can be implemented.
本文介绍了2021年对419名早期考古职业研究人员进行的国际在线调查的结果。受访者对追求学术生涯充满热情,但对工作和职业前景持悲观态度。统计数据突出了具体的障碍,特别是对妇女来说,从不稳定的就业到不公平的做法,以及长期缺乏支持。180多条开放式评论揭示了令人担忧的职场欺凌和歧视程度,尤其是针对女性和少数族裔的欺凌和歧视。还研究了COVID-19大流行对早期职业研究人员的影响。调查结果在国际高等教育部门进行了分析和背景分析。要创造持续的变化,共同的努力是必要的,但是早期的职业研究人员仍然希望变革能够实现。
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引用次数: 5
EAA volume 25 issue 4 Cover and Back matter EAA第25卷第4期封面和封底
IF 1.5 2区 历史学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1017/eaa.2022.38
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引用次数: 0
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European Journal of Archaeology
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