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Primary school bathrooms as hybrid technologies: materials, objects and practices (Buenos Aires, 1880-1930) 作为混合技术的小学浴室:材料、对象和实践(布宜诺斯艾利斯，1880-1930)

4区教育学 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

PAEDAGOGICA HISTORICA

Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/00309230.2023.2255153

Lucila da Silva

ABSTRACTThis article aims to share part of some middle-term research focused on Argentinian school bathrooms. Bathrooms in Argentina emerged around 1850 and have been present – with nuances – in public and domestic buildings since the last third of the nineteenth century. Particularly, primary-school bathroom history is marked by two facts. First, these spaces are closely related to central schooling topics such as behaviours, privacy, intimacy, as well as gender and generational roles. Second, architectural and engineering developments and the proliferation of bathrooms were contemporary processes. The goal here is to trace some relationships between school spaces, materials, objects, and practices present in school bathrooms in the city of Buenos Aires between 1880 and 1930. The focus will be on school bathrooms, but it is also worth mentioning some connections with broader networks such as sanitary bureaucracy and transnational commercial circuits. As a general method, we pursued the Grounded Theory proposal. We worked with several sources: National Council of Education (CNE) files, construction and sanitary regulations, the Sanitary Ministry memories and documents. Due to our interest in objects (for example, sanitary artefacts) and materials, we took in commercial catalogues, a sanitary workers’ journal and archaeological works. First, we will briefly describe some features of the “latrine model”. Then, we would like to discuss the mutation to a more industrialised model, which is the one that persists to this day.KEYWORDS: Bathroomschool architecturematerial culture Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Bruno Latour, Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory (Oxford: OUP, 2007), 18.2 Bandos were rules sanctioned by the colonial government of Río de la Plata.3 Que por las cañerías que salen á las Calles por bajo de las Calzadas no se viertan aguas inmundas, por lo que perjudican á la salud pública llenando la Calle de mal olor y de insectos; no teniendo otro objeto estos conductos que el desagüe de las lluvias y de alguna otra agua, que aunque proceda del servicio de la Casa, sea de oficinas limpias de motivos inmundos, bajo la pena expresada. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. UBA, Documentos Para La Historia Argentina. Tomo IX: Administración Edilicia de La Ciudad de Buenos Aires (1776-1805) (Buenos Aires: Compañía Sud Americana de Billetes de Banco, 1918), 35.4 “Tercero: que no se echen basuras ni animales muertos en las calles, plazas y paseos públicos, ni se arrojen aguas inmundas por los albañales, de que resultan lodos permanentes en ellos.” Gobierno de la Nación, “Medidas Generales de Policía Municipal,” 103 § (1810), 63.5 Argentina Buenos Aires, “Registro Oficial de La República Argentina Que Comprende Los Documentos Espedidos Desde 1810 Hasta 1873” (Buenos Aires: La República, 1873).6 It is fundamental to underline the relevance that the nineteenth-century epidem

16法比奥·普鲁尼里，“文明与意大利学校厕所:对教育文化史的洞察”，《历史教育》第57期。18 .米歇尔·福柯，尼采，La Genealogía, La Historia (Valencia: Pre-textos, 1988).18拉图尔:《社会重组》;布鲁诺·拉图尔，《我们从未现代》(剑桥:哈佛大学出版社，2012)在研究期间，这个办公室收到了不同的名称。这里我们选用“卫生部”作为总称安瑟姆·施特劳斯和朱丽叶·M.科尔宾，扎根理论在实践(千橡:Sage, 1997).21芭芭拉·彭纳，《浴室》(伦敦:Reaktion Books, 2013)，第22页彭纳，浴室，13.23拉图尔，我们从未现代过;Graciela Favelukes和Fernando Aliata，“城市媒体:Plano Topográfico y catastrophe En Buenos Aires(1852-1873)”，Estudios Del Hábitat 13, no. 24。2(2015): 26-41.25布宜诺斯艾利斯市，“关于民事案件的法规，公约和法律”(1871)，117-9.26 CNE文件2524/10,1910.27 CNE文件2397/88,1888;CNE文件1794/ 89,1889;Daniel Schavelzon，“Los Baños Del Caserón de Rosas En Palermo: Nuevos Hallazgos(2013-2014)”，Conicet Digital, 2014.29 Schavelzon，“Los Baños Del Caserón de Rosas En Palermo”;Daniel Schavelzon， " Arqueología e Historia Del Hotel Bolívar, Buenos Aires， " 2022.30 CNE File 2524/1910.31 Adrián Gorelik， " Ciudad, Modernidad, Modernización， " Universitas Humanística 56 (2003): 11-27.32 Obras Sanitarias de Nación, Memorias Del Directorio correspondies a Los Años 1898 y 1899 (Obras Sanitarias de la Nación, 1890).33Gorelik，《现代城市》Modernización;Francisco Liernur，“Una Ciudad Efímera”。慎重考虑Sobre Las Características布宜诺斯艾利斯材料En La Segundo Mitad Del Siglo XIX，“estudio Sociales 2 (1993): 123-31.34 Gorelik，”Ciudad, Modernidad, Modernización。35同上，36 Liernur, Una Ciudad Efímera。37 insamas Dussel, El Patio Escolar, de Claustro and Aula al Aire Libre。《阿根廷历史》Transformación《阿根廷Espacios Escolares》(阿根廷，1850-1920)，《阿根廷历史Educación-Anuario》第20期。Antonio Viñao Frago，“Escolarización, Edificios y Espacios Escolares，”Participación Educativa, 2008.39关于后院的扩展研究，请参见Dussel，“El Patio Escolar, de Claustro a Aula al Aire Libre”。history de La Transformación de Los Espacios Escolares(阿根廷，1850-1920)。40 CNE文件5006/96;CNE文件5262/96;CNE文件0416/98;1726/99.41 CNE文件，5009/ 999,1899.42 J. De La Salle, De La Salle complete (Tomos I y II)(马德里:Ediciones San Pío X, 2001).43参考的版本是用西班牙语写的。这里用到了“encargado”这个词，我们把它翻译成“监视器”。然而，重要的是要表明，我们不知道拉萨尔使用的术语，因为我们无法获得原文Zorrilla, Educación Común En La Capital, provinces, y Territorios Nacionales。Año 1889-90-91.45米歇尔·福柯，《卡斯蒂加尔的警戒者:Nacimiento de La》Prisión(布宜诺斯艾利斯:Siglo xxi, 2000);伊姆萨斯·杜塞尔和马塞洛·卡鲁索，《La Invención Del Aula: Una Genealogía de Las Formas de Enseñar》(布宜诺斯艾利斯:桑提亚纳，2003)，第46页Pablo Scharagrodsky, Laura Manolakis和Rosana Barroso，“Educación Física阿根廷在Los Manuales和Textos Escolares(1880-1930)”。Sobre Los Ejercicios Físicos o Acerca de Cómo Configurar Cuerpos Útiles, Productivos, oberberentes, Dóciles, Sanos y Racionales，“巴西教育评论História Da educa<e:1> o 3, no. 1。1 b[5] (2003): 69-91.47 Zorrilla, Educación Común首都，各省和国家地区。Año 1889-90-91, 75.48佩德罗·马略，私立医学院和Pública布宜诺斯艾利斯医学院(布宜诺斯艾利斯:论坛学院，1878年)，212.49 Comisión布宜诺斯艾利斯医学院，cloacas和adoquinado, La备忘录Comisión布宜诺斯艾利斯医学院，cloacas和adoquinado通讯Año 1879 (penitenciaría学院，1880年)，11.50见上文注释22关于承包商的信息不是本研究的目标。然而，我们可以访问一些名字:拉瓦莱Muñiz，胡安巴乔Cía，纽曼，姆萨迪奇和Cía。，安东尼奥·德沃托，塞缪尔·黑尔和Cía。海因莱因和西娅。一些文件证实，海因莱因是阿根廷第一个卫生用品供应商。另一方面，关于这些工人的一个有趣的资料来源，“los sanitaristas”，是协会于1919.53年创办的杂志。到1888年，这些工作还没有完成，但资源已经花光了。政府决定签订自来水

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引用次数: 0

A new source for historical-educative research: commercial catalogue of educational aids. First methodological reflections 历史教育研究的新来源:教具商业目录。第一，方法论反思

4区教育学 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

PAEDAGOGICA HISTORICA

Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1080/00309230.2023.2258080

Francesca Davida Pizzigoni

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the commercial catalogues of businesses that produce teaching aids – which, prompted by the spread of a pedagogical vision linked to activism, first appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century in parallel with the first production of school objects – have acquired increasing importance as a research source in the field of historical pedagogy. Their versatile nature makes them a rich, varied and precious research tool that can make a considerable contribution to the field of studies related to school materials. The aim of this article is to define the characteristics of this source to subsequently show how recent research grants have been able to offer a first instance of comparative reflection on the issue. From a review of the data that has emerged, a methodological framework for studying commercial catalogues of teaching aids as a research source is being traced out, with plans for future steps on an international level to reinforce its study.KEYWORDS: Commercial cataloguesteaching aidssource of researchschool materialsmethodology Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 A critical review of the studies on the material culture in schools that have developed in the last 30 years in different countries is contained in: Vera Lucia Gaspar da Silva, Juri Meda, and Gizele de Souza, eds., “The Material Turn in the History of Education,” special issue, Educació i història: Revista d’història de l’educació 38 (2021).2 As is well known, this approach starts with Dominique Julia and develops initially thanks to the studies of André Chervel, Marc Depaepe, Frank Simon, Antonio Viñao Frago, Ian Grosvenor, Martin Lawn, Kate Rousmaniere, and Augustin Escolano: Dominique Julia, “La culture scolaire comme objet historique,” Paedagogica Historica Supplement 1 (1995): 353–82; André Chervel, “Des disciplines scolaires à la culture scolaire,” Paedagogica Historica 31, no. 1 (1996): 181–95; André Chervel, La culture scolaire. Une approche historique (Paris: Bell, 1998); Marc Depaepe and Frank Simon, “Is There any Place for the History of ‘Education’ in the ‘History of Education’? A Plea for the History of Everyday Educational Reality in‐ and outside Schools,” Paedagogica Historica 30, no. 1 (1995): 9–16; Antonio Viñao Frago, “Por una historia de la cultura escolar: enfoques, cuestiones, fuentes,” in Culturas y civilizaciones: III Congreso de la Asociación de Historia Contemporánea, ed. Celso Jesús Almuiña Fernández (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 1998): 165–84; Ian Grosvenor, Martin Lawn, and Kate Rousmaniere, Silence and Images: The Social History of the Classroom (New York: Peter Lang, 1999); Martin Lawn and Ian Grosvenor, eds., Materialities of Schooling: Design, Technology, Objects, Routines (Oxford: Symposium Books, 2005); Augustin Escolano Benito, ed., La cultura material de la escuela (Berlanga de Druero: CEINCE, 2007); and Antonio Viñao Frago, “La historia material e inm

近年来，生产教具的企业商业目录作为历史教育学领域的研究来源越来越重要。在与行动主义相关的教学愿景传播的推动下，这些商业目录首次出现在19世纪下半叶，与第一批学校物品的生产同时出现。它们的多用途性使它们成为一种丰富、多样和宝贵的研究工具，可以为与学校教材有关的研究领域做出相当大的贡献。本文的目的是定义这一来源的特征，随后展示最近的研究资助如何能够提供对这一问题的比较反思的第一个实例。根据对已出现的数据的审查，正在制定一个研究教具商业目录作为研究来源的方法框架，并计划今后在国际一级采取步骤加强其研究。关键词:商业目录;教学辅助工具;研究来源;注1对过去30年在不同国家发展起来的学校物质文化研究的批判性回顾载于:Vera Lucia Gaspar da Silva、Juri Meda和Gizele de Souza主编。，“教育史上的材料转向”，特刊，Educació i història: Revista d 'història de l 'educació 38 (2021)众所周知，这种方法始于多米尼克·朱莉娅，并最初发展得益于安德烈·切维尔、马克·德帕佩、弗兰克·西蒙、安东尼奥·Viñao弗拉戈、伊恩·格罗夫纳、马丁·罗恩、凯特·鲁曼尼尔和奥古斯丁·埃斯科拉诺的研究:多米尼克·朱莉娅，“La culture scolaire comme objet historique”，《历史学刊》增刊1 (1995):353-82;andre Chervel，“Des scolaires la culture scolaire”，《幼儿历史》第31期。1 (1996): 181-95;法国文化协会主席安德烈·谢尔维尔。《历史的新途径》(巴黎:贝尔出版社，1998);马克·德佩佩和弗兰克·西蒙:《教育史中有‘教育史’的位置吗?》《为学校内外日常教育现实的历史辩护》，《历史教育》第30期。1 (1995): 9-16;安东尼奥Viñao弗拉戈，“文化与文明的历史之穷:问题，提问，富恩特”，载于《文化与文明:第三届Asociación历史大会Contemporánea》，编于Celso Jesús Almuiña Fernández(巴利亚多利德:巴利亚多利德大学，1998):165-84;伊恩·格罗夫纳、马丁·劳恩、凯特·鲁曼尼埃:《沉默与影像:课堂的社会史》(纽约:彼得·朗出版社，1999);马丁·劳恩和伊恩·格罗夫纳编。《学校教育的物质性:设计、技术、对象、惯例》(牛津:论文集，2005);Augustin Escolano Benito主编，La cultura material de La escuela (Berlanga de Druero: CEINCE, 2007);和Antonio Viñao Frago，“La historia material e inmateriia de La escuela: memoria, patrimony educación”，《教育<e:1>》35期，第2期。1 (2012): 7-17.3 Juri Meda and Ana María Badanelli主编。，《意大利文化与文化的历史:透视的平衡》(España)(罗马:欧洲博物馆，2013);玛丽亚·若昂·莫加罗主编，《教育与文化遗产》。Escolas, objects e practicas(里斯本:edialoes Colibri/Instituto de educaalao, 2015);还有玛尔塔·布鲁内利(Marta Brunelli)，他的名字叫Alle origini del museo scolastico。[3]“教育与社会发展的关系”[m] .北京:中国科学技术大学，2010伊恩·格罗夫纳，“赏心悦目，同时在目的上有用:教育展览的历史探索”，载于《学校的物质性:设计、技术、对象、惯例》，马丁·劳恩和伊恩·格罗夫纳编，第163-76页;Pierre Moeglin, Les industries ducatives(巴黎:法国大学出版社，2010);Juri Meda, Mezzi di educazione di massa。4 .《文化材料的故事》(米兰:FrancoAngeli出版社，2016)Pedro Luis Moreno Martínez和Ana Sebastián Vicente，“Los catálogos de material de enseñanza y la culture material de la escuela”。La colección del Centro de Estudos sobre La Memoria education (CEME) del 'Universidad de Murcia，“Patrimonio y Etnografía de La escuela en España durante el siglo XX，编辑Pedro Luis Moreno Martínez和Ana Sebastián Vicente (Murcia: sepe -CEME, 2012)， 295.6它们作为商业销售工具的价值-这实际上是它们被生产的最终原因，因此是它们的主要任务-仅在其出版的那一年保持活跃请参阅关于与教材的生产和销售有关的经济利益问题的说明4。 8·玛丽亚·何塞·马丁内斯·马林·鲁伊斯Funes和何塞·佩德罗·穆尔西亚,“猫Génesis y desarrollo de losálogos de材料escolar en 1.79 siglosñen el时期在XIX-XX”(paper presented at the ISCHE 31年度会议、米兰、意大利、奥古斯特—2022年9月3日);还有Francesca Davida Pizzigoni，遗产的证据。19世纪下半叶意大利学校材料研究的来源(莱切:思考多媒体，2022)Juri Meda，“大众教育媒体”。19世纪至20世纪“学校物质历史”的新来源和研究前景，“教育与儿童文学历史VI, no。1 (2011): 253 - 79;还有Meda，大众教育佩德罗·路易斯·莫雷诺·马丁内斯,“El服务所escolar猫en los神话áde材料de ense的:consideraciones联盟ñmetodológicas,”在La infancia histora: espacios y representaciones,路易斯·玛丽亚·维拉Naya Garmendia and PaulíDáBalsera(圣塞巴斯蒂安:Erein, 2005),这里342—55 . 11 Reference is made to展望,及sources for the study of classrooms presented在Sjaak Braster、伊恩·Grosvenor和玛丽亚·Pozo andres, eds的海。学校的黑盒子。教室的文化历史(布鲁塞尔:彼得·朗，2011)。办公室供参考:images and representations of class

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引用次数: 0

“Native” and “colonial” objects. Changing constellations of affordances and the erosion of inherited teaching roles in colonial India “本土”和“殖民”物品。在殖民时期的印度，不断变化的供给星座和继承下来的教学角色的侵蚀