Applied Geomatics最新文献

One of the basic factors that should be investigated and monitored in the field of urban heat islands is the exploration and detection of their spatiotemporal changes, which have been well addressed in spatial statistics. The current study aimed to detect the spatiotemporal changes of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) in Tehran metropolis during the daytime/nighttime at monthly and seasonal scales and over the warm and cold periods of the year. The consequences of many elements like as daytime/nighttime land surface temperature (LST) extracted by the MODIS/006/MOD11A1 and the NDVI extracted by MODIS/006/MOD13A2 over a 20-year period (2001–2020) were first investigated. Then, the SUHI index was computed for the study area. The correlations between the heat islands and urban land use (traffic, population density, airport, etc.), air pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, etc.), and NDVI were investigated in the next stage. Finally, Moran’s algorithm was used to measure the spatial autocorrelation, and Gi statistic was used to analyze the cold and warm spots. The results indicated that the LST trend was constant during the daytime/nighttime, and the NDVI also had a slight rising trend. The results of the SUHI maps indicated that the zones with heat islands during the daytime over the seasons’ warm and cold times are located in the south, southeast, and west of the city. During the nighttime, the central zones of the city as well as some parts in the east and southeast have had higher heat islands. The results of the correlation between the heat islands and land use, vegetation, and air pollutants indicated a direct correlation between the heat islands and the airport and industrial land use over time, while it was inversely correlated with other land uses. During the nighttime, all land uses had a direct correlation with the heat islands. Regarding the air pollutants, PM2.5 and PM10 were most correlated with the heat islands during both daytime/nighttime while other pollutants have been inversely correlated. The heat islands and the NDVI were also inversely correlated during both daytime/nighttime. The OLS (ordinary least-squares) model results also indicated that the R² values during the daytime/nighttime were 0.70 and 0.59, respectively, over the cold period of the year, compared to values of 0.69 and 0.68 over the warm period of the year. The results of global Moran’s I and G*i statistics also indicated that the heat islands of the Tehran metropolis had a spatial structure distributed in a cluster in which the southern, western, southwestern, and northern parts had warm spots during the daytime and cold spots during the nighttime. Moreover, the northern and northeastern parts had cold spots during the daytime, and the central and eastern parts had warm spots during the nighttime.

Shoreline changing position along the coast is an immediate and long-term indicator determined by the interplaying driving forces across the dry and wet parts of coastal areas. Extreme waves, such as tsunamis, may result in a remarkable shift of shoreline position and a change of sediment transport regime, thus potentially inducing coastal hazards. This work investigates the multi-temporal changes and development of shorelines at the tsunami-affected coast nearly two decades after the Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004. Additionally, the dynamic responses of the coast to the man-made coastal structures as a means of protection measures during the observed period are also evaluated. This study uses the US Army’s Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension in the ArcGIS to calculate the multi-temporal shoreline changes and erosion/accretion rates. Multi-temporal shoreline vectors delineated from the LANDSAT satellite images are utilized to calculate the Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) for the respective short-term and decadal-term shoreline change analysis. The shoreline change rates are examined at the three shoreline segments at Aceh coast, the north tip of Sumatra Island of Indonesia. The results show that Segment A has the highest erosion rate due to the 2004 tsunami (− 395.19 m/year) compared to Segment B (− 26.46 m/year) and Segment C (− 74.26 m/year). The 2004 tsunami has changed the coastal states from erosional coast prior to the tsunami to accretional coast in Segment A and C, and the eastern side of Segment B in almost two decades since the tsunami. Consequently, ignoring such phenomena in designing coastal protection measures may lead to structural failures such the ones identified in the investigated coast. Thus, a thorough investigation of shoreline change is fundamental for coastal managers, particularly in determining appropriate coastal protection measures.

In this research, the band rationing technique was used to expect accurate detection of built-up in a dry period over El-Eulma city (North-East Algeria). In this context, the VNIR Sentinel-2 bands were examined statistically over the study area. Consequently, two bands ratio (BR) which are mainly the blue-near-infrared (B2/B8) and the green-near-infrared (B3/B8), were selected to be used singly as input data, for the binarization process via the use of Otsu method. To evaluate the approach and find the optimal bands ratio for built-up detection in the dry period, the accuracy assessment was done, using the high-resolution Google Earth images as a reference map. Also, the results obtained were compared to the both built-up mapping resulting from the support vector machine (SVM) classification and built-up area index (BAI). The findings showed that the BR (B2/B8) works approximately similar to the SVM classification result. In contrast, the BR (B2/B8) works better than the BR (B3/B8) and BAI index; the overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient of the first BR (B2/B8) are about 92,33% and 80,81%, respectively. In contrast, the (OA) and kappa coefficient of the second BR (B3/B8) are about 90,97% and 76,72% respectively, Meanwhile, the (OA) of the BAI index is about 89.33% and its kappa coefficient is about 74,80%. Therefore, the results present BR (B2/B8) as a simple automatic technique that could be suitable for mapping cities accurately in a dry climate, for better land use planning.

Robots that operate in real-world settings must be able to recognize, model, and infer the semantic features of things. Existing frameworks for knowledge reasoning are only able to describe the binary relationships between the semantic qualities of an item and its class label; they are unable to reason about the attributes of objects that are identified by various perception algorithms and based on a variety of sensory modalities. We provide an n-ary representation that describes intricate, interconnected object attributes in order to bridge the gap between multimodal perception and knowledge reasoning. In this work, we present an algebraic properties of operations on n-ary relation soft set, which is more functional to make practical and theoretical ideas or studies in the soft set theory. We center around the fundamental algebraic properties of operations on the n-ary relation soft set and study some propositions of these algebraic properties. This new properties are advantageous and contributes in some scientific applications.

In this paper, we present a new application to medical science and engineering fields that are heavily dependent on fuzzy partial differential integral equations. Acute interstitial pneumonia is the most common cancer in people under the age of 20, and accounts for about 6% of all cancers diagnosed in adults. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in using mathematical models in oncology to draw conclusions and predictions, providing a complementary picture to experimental biomedical models. This study proposes to use the new fuzzy partial transform (ψ) to solve the proposed leukemia model, which is a new approach to solve such concepts and image processing of affected cells by converting the idea into a filter, optimizing radiographs, and distinguishing parameters. The fuzzy partial differential equation with generalized Hukuhara differantiation is solved analytically using the fuzzy laplace transform. The proposed transform proved to be highly efficient compared to the fuzzy partial Laplace transform in clarity. The picture and finally the classification of the stages of infection and its impact on the patient and his ability to respond to treatment.

A visual inspection, which entails field surveying, such as photodocumentation and footage, is the first step of a multi-level approach to bridge health assessment. Furthermore, the use of surface models, CAD drawings, and orthophotos, guarantees complete and accurate documentation, thus allowing for a better understanding of the environment, the anthropic structures, and their relationships. All the georeferenced surveys’ outputs are especially advisable within a prespective of periodical monitoring, as forseen by national legislation. The work is aimed to study two adjacent bridges over the Arno River in Lastra a Signa, Italy. One of the bridges, Ponte nuovo sull’Arno, is an overpass for motor vehicles. The other one, which is called Passarella sull’Arno, is a pedestrian viaduct. A topographic reference network has been settled using the GNSS survey technique. 3D point clouds of the bridges have been acquired by performing a Laser Scanning survey. A bathymetric survey has been carried out to acquire a 3D point cloud of submerged bridges’ parts and the riverbed. Through a Photogrammetric survey from RPAS, an orthophoto of the area has been built. Finally, evidence of historical submerged bridge structures has been identified thanks to the multi beam survey. The work’s objective is to integrate surveying geomatics techniques to create a reliable survey of the bridges, the surrounding area, and the riverbed, as support to the most common structural health assessment methods.

In 2015, the International Association of Geodesy published a resolution on the International Height Reference System definition. It is defined that the vertical coordinate must be given in geopotential number and that the realization of this system must be done considering gravity values arranged homogeneously around the stations. However, it should be regarded that for the stations that are located on the coast. This fact can cause a loss in accuracy in determining the potential gravity. Until now, the studies consider only global gravity models, coming from satellite gravity missions to complement the data in the oceanic region and not considering high-frequency components of the gravity field measured at the surface. Consequently, this research considered shipboard-measured marine gravity data integrated with global marine gravity model data derived from altimetric satellites (DTU17 and GRAV31.1) to compute the gravity potential for the two coastal stations that are part of the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) in Brazil, CEFT and IMBT stations. The gravity potential was computed following the standardization determinations for the IHRF, and the results showed that the marine gravity data incorporated into the computation did not contribute to accuracy.