Objectives
This review evaluated the effectiveness of intervention programs in enhancing professional identity (PI) among nursing students and examined secondary effects on self-efficacy (SE) and learning engagement (LE).
Design
A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with PRISMA, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024596841).
Data sources
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched to February 2025.
Review methods
Eligible studies were randomized or quasi-experimental trials targeting PI. PI was the primary outcome; SE and LE were secondary. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB2. Random-effects models with I² statistics were applied.
Results
Fifteen studies with 1,694 students were included. Two-arm trials (n = 7) showed significant PI improvement (SMD = 0.65; I² = 64.1%), and one-arm studies (n = 7) also reported gains (MD = 0.83; I² = 91.0%). Interventions improved SE (SMD = 0.53; I² = 0%) and LE (MD = 2.12; I² = 95.4%). Effects varied by setting and duration. Certainty of evidence was low.
Conclusions
Educational interventions appear effective in fostering PI, SE, and LE. Findings inform curriculum and policy, but further high-quality RCTs using standardized measures are needed.
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