Amjad Ali, None Sumaira, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique, Saima Ashiq
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed unprecedented economic growth in recent decades, propelling it onto the global stage. However, this rapid growth is often associated with a notable increase in carbon dioxide emissions, which carry significant environmental ramifications. In light of this pressing concern, this research undertakes a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1980 to 2020. This study employs autoregressive distributed lag approach to uncover the multifaceted dynamics at play. The empirical findings of the study reveal a compelling narrative about the Kingdom's natural landscape. Particularly noteworthy is the revelation that economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption emerge as pivotal long-term drivers of escalating pollution. These findings underscore the critical necessity for policies that strike a balance between economic development and environmental preservation. Furthermore, the study disentangles the intricate web of causation among these factors. It becomes evident that economic growth and pollution exhibit bidirectional causality, illuminating the intricate connection between economic prosperity and environmental consequences. Additionally, commercial activities have been empirically shown to exert a substantial influence on pollution levels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To address these challenges, a pivotal shift towards a low-carbon technological revolution is proposed as a means of achieving sustained economic development. This transition towards environmentally friendly technologies holds the potential to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, paving the way for a greener and more prosperous future for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Amjad Ali, None Sumaira, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique, Saima Ashiq","doi":"10.61506/02.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00001","url":null,"abstract":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed unprecedented economic growth in recent decades, propelling it onto the global stage. However, this rapid growth is often associated with a notable increase in carbon dioxide emissions, which carry significant environmental ramifications. In light of this pressing concern, this research undertakes a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1980 to 2020. This study employs autoregressive distributed lag approach to uncover the multifaceted dynamics at play. The empirical findings of the study reveal a compelling narrative about the Kingdom's natural landscape. Particularly noteworthy is the revelation that economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption emerge as pivotal long-term drivers of escalating pollution. These findings underscore the critical necessity for policies that strike a balance between economic development and environmental preservation. Furthermore, the study disentangles the intricate web of causation among these factors. It becomes evident that economic growth and pollution exhibit bidirectional causality, illuminating the intricate connection between economic prosperity and environmental consequences. Additionally, commercial activities have been empirically shown to exert a substantial influence on pollution levels in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To address these challenges, a pivotal shift towards a low-carbon technological revolution is proposed as a means of achieving sustained economic development. This transition towards environmentally friendly technologies holds the potential to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, paving the way for a greener and more prosperous future for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Positive and negative feelings are felt by all of us in our lives. When an individual goes through an unjust, personal humiliating or hurtful event which results in psychological stress and even strong urge for revenge, the individual is suffering from embitterment (Linden, 2003). Students play vital role in make or break of any society. It is essential to address the emotional disturbances they might have. Current study explores the phenomenon of Embitterment in university students. Data was collected from students using Semi structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Assessment of happenings in life of students, negative impacts of bad happenings and unfairness, positive and negative reactions to unfair behavior and ways to overcome it are discussed. It was concluded that if events in students’ life are looked into carefully then possible reactions can be identified. This way it leads to have more control on embittered mind and solutions can be found. This study will contribute in helping students for friendly atmosphere to grow academically and have a better life in general.
{"title":"Exploration of Embitterment among University Students: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Zartashia Kynat Javaid, Khalid Mahmood","doi":"10.61506/02.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Positive and negative feelings are felt by all of us in our lives. When an individual goes through an unjust, personal humiliating or hurtful event which results in psychological stress and even strong urge for revenge, the individual is suffering from embitterment (Linden, 2003). Students play vital role in make or break of any society. It is essential to address the emotional disturbances they might have. Current study explores the phenomenon of Embitterment in university students. Data was collected from students using Semi structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Assessment of happenings in life of students, negative impacts of bad happenings and unfairness, positive and negative reactions to unfair behavior and ways to overcome it are discussed. It was concluded that if events in students’ life are looked into carefully then possible reactions can be identified. This way it leads to have more control on embittered mind and solutions can be found. This study will contribute in helping students for friendly atmosphere to grow academically and have a better life in general.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the set of global goals adopted by world countries under the common 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The UN 193 signatory countries pledged to a common development agenda to achieve economic prosperity, social uplift, environmental restoration, and better governance. Sustainable development is an essential goal that is intrinsically linked to the survival of the individual, society, environment, countries, nations, and the world. It promises peace, prosperity, people, and planet safety for all. The aim of SDGs is to ensure wellbeing for present and future generations through sustainable consumption of the given endowments. SDGs try to establish a balance between economic growth, environmental protection and social wellbeing. The key principle of sustainable development is the idea that all aspects of human society are interconnected and dependent on the health and vitality of the natural endowments. This research presents an intertemporal analysis of the SDGs index over a 20-year period. The study found that the SDGs index for underdeveloped countries has been rising slowly over time, while developed countries are already in a safe zone where sustainable development is ensured.
{"title":"Examining Progress on Sustainable Development Goals Across Regions through an Intertemporal Lens","authors":"Syed Ali Abidi, Muhammad Jamil","doi":"10.61506/02.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00011","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the set of global goals adopted by world countries under the common 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The UN 193 signatory countries pledged to a common development agenda to achieve economic prosperity, social uplift, environmental restoration, and better governance. Sustainable development is an essential goal that is intrinsically linked to the survival of the individual, society, environment, countries, nations, and the world. It promises peace, prosperity, people, and planet safety for all. The aim of SDGs is to ensure wellbeing for present and future generations through sustainable consumption of the given endowments. SDGs try to establish a balance between economic growth, environmental protection and social wellbeing. The key principle of sustainable development is the idea that all aspects of human society are interconnected and dependent on the health and vitality of the natural endowments. This research presents an intertemporal analysis of the SDGs index over a 20-year period. The study found that the SDGs index for underdeveloped countries has been rising slowly over time, while developed countries are already in a safe zone where sustainable development is ensured.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayesha Dar, Syed Afaf Irfan, Farid Ullah Khan, Zuha Rahman
This article examines the impact of webtoons on readers, with a specific focus on their potential to enhance reading comprehension and emotional engagement. Webtoons are a form of digital comics that originated in South Korea and have become increasingly popular worldwide. They are characterized by their vertical scrolling format, multimedia elements, and interactive features. Prior studies have shown that webtoons can be practical tools for promoting literacy development. They can help readers improve their comprehension skills by providing visual cues and engaging narratives. Webtoons can also help readers connect emotionally with the characters and stories, enhancing their engagement. The popular webtoon ‘Lookism’ is examined as a case study to demonstrate how webtoons can be used to teach while entertaining. This analysis highlights the defining features of webtoons, their multimodal scaffolding advantages, and their capacity to teach cultural understandings, the way webtoons can create an enabling environment for social entrepreneurship among youth. Overall, the findings of this review suggest that webtoons are a valuable educational resource that can make reading more appealing and meaningful for modern digital audiences and carry the potential to inculcate conducive environment for social change. This review also identifies critical areas for further research, such as the optimal instructional applications of webtoons and their effectiveness in different cultural contexts.
{"title":"Reading the Visual Narrative: Webtoons as a Pathway for Literacy Development and Social Entrepreneurship","authors":"Ayesha Dar, Syed Afaf Irfan, Farid Ullah Khan, Zuha Rahman","doi":"10.61506/02.00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00017","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of webtoons on readers, with a specific focus on their potential to enhance reading comprehension and emotional engagement. Webtoons are a form of digital comics that originated in South Korea and have become increasingly popular worldwide. They are characterized by their vertical scrolling format, multimedia elements, and interactive features. Prior studies have shown that webtoons can be practical tools for promoting literacy development. They can help readers improve their comprehension skills by providing visual cues and engaging narratives. Webtoons can also help readers connect emotionally with the characters and stories, enhancing their engagement. The popular webtoon ‘Lookism’ is examined as a case study to demonstrate how webtoons can be used to teach while entertaining. This analysis highlights the defining features of webtoons, their multimodal scaffolding advantages, and their capacity to teach cultural understandings, the way webtoons can create an enabling environment for social entrepreneurship among youth. Overall, the findings of this review suggest that webtoons are a valuable educational resource that can make reading more appealing and meaningful for modern digital audiences and carry the potential to inculcate conducive environment for social change. This review also identifies critical areas for further research, such as the optimal instructional applications of webtoons and their effectiveness in different cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136036753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haleema Parveen, Zainab Kausar Khan, Ayesha Nazish, Farzana Kosir, Abid Hussain, Abdul Waheed
The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of perceived stigma and psychological burden on the quality of life among the patients of epilepsy. Sample of 560 (male=221, female=339 epileptic patients were selected through purposive sampling technique from Nishtar Hospital Multan and Combined Military Hospital Multan. Findings showed that perception of stigma, depression, anxiety and stress have a significant positive correlation. Stigma is a significant positive predictor of psychological burden. Results also indicate that stigma and psychological burden are significant negative predictors of quality of life. Significant differences were found in the demographic variable gender on stigmatization, psychological burden and quality of life. Stigma, depression, anxiety and stress are significantly higher in female epileptic patients as compared to male and has a detrimental effect on the patient’s quality of life, recovery, and prognosis. Thus, there is undoubtedly a need to address psychological issues, most notably the stigma associated with illnesses. Psychologists, psychiatrists, other physicians, and care givers of epileptic patients must pay close attention to the stigma in this patient population.
{"title":"Understanding Stigmatization, Psychological Burden and Quality of Life among Patients of Epilepsy","authors":"Haleema Parveen, Zainab Kausar Khan, Ayesha Nazish, Farzana Kosir, Abid Hussain, Abdul Waheed","doi":"10.61506/02.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00012","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of perceived stigma and psychological burden on the quality of life among the patients of epilepsy. Sample of 560 (male=221, female=339 epileptic patients were selected through purposive sampling technique from Nishtar Hospital Multan and Combined Military Hospital Multan. Findings showed that perception of stigma, depression, anxiety and stress have a significant positive correlation. Stigma is a significant positive predictor of psychological burden. Results also indicate that stigma and psychological burden are significant negative predictors of quality of life. Significant differences were found in the demographic variable gender on stigmatization, psychological burden and quality of life. Stigma, depression, anxiety and stress are significantly higher in female epileptic patients as compared to male and has a detrimental effect on the patient’s quality of life, recovery, and prognosis. Thus, there is undoubtedly a need to address psychological issues, most notably the stigma associated with illnesses. Psychologists, psychiatrists, other physicians, and care givers of epileptic patients must pay close attention to the stigma in this patient population.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to evaluate the validity of Urdu translated version of the Mooney Problem Checklist in different government and private Junior High Schools. The MPCL with seven dimensions was administered to 150 students from junior high schools. The students of 6th, 7th, and 8th classes were selected. The age range was 10-15. This study analyzed correlation, frequency and confirmative analysis. The analysis was conducted using SPSS 25th version to examine the psychometric properties such as item fit statistics, removable items, unidimensionality, local independence, and item polarity validity. The results show that 209 items from junior high school form was found to have fulfilled the main assumption and measurement criteria of MPCLs. The results of junior high school students, there are 21 pairs of dimensions relationship that existed from 7 dimensions of MPCL. The results showed that 2 pairs of dimensions have a strong relationship, 5 pairs have a moderate and 14 pair has a weak relationship. The findings showed the strongest pair HPD-S (r= 0.622, p=0.000), has a strong correlation. The BG-PG pair, which has the lowest correlation (r= 0.184, p=0.000) is the weakest. This study provides a significant contribution to improving the scale development and validation of the MPCL instrument. This study shows the strength of the dimensions in MPCL in proving the suitability of the items used for replication in the context of junior high schools.
{"title":"Translation and Validation of Mooney Problem Checklist for Students of Junior High Schools","authors":"Rabia Murtaza, Muhammad Waseem, Seerat Fatima","doi":"10.61506/02.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00026","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to evaluate the validity of Urdu translated version of the Mooney Problem Checklist in different government and private Junior High Schools. The MPCL with seven dimensions was administered to 150 students from junior high schools. The students of 6th, 7th, and 8th classes were selected. The age range was 10-15. This study analyzed correlation, frequency and confirmative analysis. The analysis was conducted using SPSS 25th version to examine the psychometric properties such as item fit statistics, removable items, unidimensionality, local independence, and item polarity validity. The results show that 209 items from junior high school form was found to have fulfilled the main assumption and measurement criteria of MPCLs. The results of junior high school students, there are 21 pairs of dimensions relationship that existed from 7 dimensions of MPCL. The results showed that 2 pairs of dimensions have a strong relationship, 5 pairs have a moderate and 14 pair has a weak relationship. The findings showed the strongest pair HPD-S (r= 0.622, p=0.000), has a strong correlation. The BG-PG pair, which has the lowest correlation (r= 0.184, p=0.000) is the weakest. This study provides a significant contribution to improving the scale development and validation of the MPCL instrument. This study shows the strength of the dimensions in MPCL in proving the suitability of the items used for replication in the context of junior high schools.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mubashir Naeem, Muhammad Umair Siddique, Mumtaz Uddin Ahmed
This study investigates the pivotal proxies influencing Aaker's brand loyalty model, focusing on both a general fashion brand context and, more specifically, a Pakistani fashion brand, Nishat Linen. The study examines indicators such as brand image, customer satisfaction, brand differentiation/personality, salesperson personality, service and product qualities, and product price to discern their potential impacts on brand loyalty within the outlined fashion brand framework. A total of 312 responses were collected via restricted non-probability sampling to scrutinize the hypotheses posited in this study. The findings substantiate that both the brand image and salesperson personality wield a significant and positive influence on brand loyalty and consumer satisfaction at t > 1.5, particularly in the case of Nishat Linen. Notably, consumer satisfaction emerges as the most influential factor in shaping brand loyalty at t > 1.5 for this brand. Additionally, the study underscores that the personality of the salesperson, and the differentiation of the brand, which contributes to its overall personality, also hold significance for consumer satisfaction at the same t > 1.5. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the determinants of brand loyalty in the context of a fashion brand, shedding light on the specific relevance of brand image, salesperson personality, and consumer satisfaction for brand loyalty.
{"title":"Financing and Marketing Dynamics of Brand Loyalty and Consumer Satisfaction in Pakistan","authors":"Mubashir Naeem, Muhammad Umair Siddique, Mumtaz Uddin Ahmed","doi":"10.61506/02.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00016","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the pivotal proxies influencing Aaker's brand loyalty model, focusing on both a general fashion brand context and, more specifically, a Pakistani fashion brand, Nishat Linen. The study examines indicators such as brand image, customer satisfaction, brand differentiation/personality, salesperson personality, service and product qualities, and product price to discern their potential impacts on brand loyalty within the outlined fashion brand framework. A total of 312 responses were collected via restricted non-probability sampling to scrutinize the hypotheses posited in this study. The findings substantiate that both the brand image and salesperson personality wield a significant and positive influence on brand loyalty and consumer satisfaction at t > 1.5, particularly in the case of Nishat Linen. Notably, consumer satisfaction emerges as the most influential factor in shaping brand loyalty at t > 1.5 for this brand. Additionally, the study underscores that the personality of the salesperson, and the differentiation of the brand, which contributes to its overall personality, also hold significance for consumer satisfaction at the same t > 1.5. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the determinants of brand loyalty in the context of a fashion brand, shedding light on the specific relevance of brand image, salesperson personality, and consumer satisfaction for brand loyalty.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1996, Afghanistan saw the establishment of the Taliban government, which emerged as a radical Islamist regime following a period of civil war and instability in the country. The regime received recognition from only a few countries, including Pakistan, while the rest of the international community largely rejected their rule. In the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Pakistan-Afghanistan relations entered a complex and often contentious phase. The United States invasion of Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime and dismantle Al-Qaeda had a profound impact on the region. Pakistan, which had previously supported the Taliban, had to recalibrate its policies as it joined the U.S.-led War on Terror. While Pakistan officially became a U.S. ally in the fight against terrorism, suspicions persisted on both sides. Afghanistan accused Pakistan of supporting militant elements within its territory, while Pakistan expressed concerns about Indian influence in Afghanistan. These tensions have had far-reaching consequences, contributing to instability in both countries and complicating efforts to achieve lasting peace in Afghanistan. Pak-Afghan relations during Hamid Karzai's government (2001-2014) were marked by cautious cooperation and a degree of diplomatic engagement. Pakistan officially recognized the Karzai administration, but underlying tensions persisted due to Afghan allegations of Pakistani support for insurgent groups. In contrast, during the Taliban government's rule in the 1990s and their return to power in 2021, Pakistan had recognized and provided significant support to the Taliban. This research analyzes the relations between Pak-Afghan past and present.
{"title":"Pak-Afghan Relations: A Case of Taliban Regime Past and Present","authors":"Saira Akram, Anum Riaz","doi":"10.61506/02.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00015","url":null,"abstract":"In 1996, Afghanistan saw the establishment of the Taliban government, which emerged as a radical Islamist regime following a period of civil war and instability in the country. The regime received recognition from only a few countries, including Pakistan, while the rest of the international community largely rejected their rule. In the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Pakistan-Afghanistan relations entered a complex and often contentious phase. The United States invasion of Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime and dismantle Al-Qaeda had a profound impact on the region. Pakistan, which had previously supported the Taliban, had to recalibrate its policies as it joined the U.S.-led War on Terror. While Pakistan officially became a U.S. ally in the fight against terrorism, suspicions persisted on both sides. Afghanistan accused Pakistan of supporting militant elements within its territory, while Pakistan expressed concerns about Indian influence in Afghanistan. These tensions have had far-reaching consequences, contributing to instability in both countries and complicating efforts to achieve lasting peace in Afghanistan. Pak-Afghan relations during Hamid Karzai's government (2001-2014) were marked by cautious cooperation and a degree of diplomatic engagement. Pakistan officially recognized the Karzai administration, but underlying tensions persisted due to Afghan allegations of Pakistani support for insurgent groups. In contrast, during the Taliban government's rule in the 1990s and their return to power in 2021, Pakistan had recognized and provided significant support to the Taliban. This research analyzes the relations between Pak-Afghan past and present.","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135236998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tourism development and house prices in China’s megacities – a multivariate quantile-on-quantile test","authors":"Tsung-Pao Wu, Hung-Che Wu, Chien-Ming Wang, Baoyuan Pan, Qianying Feng","doi":"10.1080/19407963.2023.2249914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2023.2249914","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45350237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1080/19407963.2023.2243960
Basheer Alshammari, R. South, K. Raleigh
{"title":"Saudi Arabia outbound tourism: an analysis of trends and destinations","authors":"Basheer Alshammari, R. South, K. Raleigh","doi":"10.1080/19407963.2023.2243960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2023.2243960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46316,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43556024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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