Earthquake Science最新文献

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Predicting peak ground acceleration using the ConvMixer network

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.005

Mona Mohammed , Omar M. Saad , Arabi Keshk , Hatem M. Ahmed

The level of ground shaking, as determined by the peak ground acceleration (PGA), can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures. Predicting the PGA immediately after an earthquake occurs allows for the issuing of a warning by an earthquake early warning system. In this study, we propose a deep learning model, ConvMixer, to predict the PGA recorded by weak-motion velocity seismometers in Japan. We use 5-s three-component seismograms, from 2 s before until 3 s after the P-wave arrival time of the earthquake. Our dataset comprised more than 50,000 single-station waveforms recorded by 10 seismic stations in the K-NET, Kiki-NET, and Hi-Net networks between 2004 and 2023. The proposed ConvMixer is a patch-based model that extracts global features from input seismic data and predicts the PGA of an earthquake by combining depth and pointwise convolutions. The proposed ConvMixer network had a mean absolute error of 2.143 when applied to the test set and outperformed benchmark deep learning models. In addition, the proposed ConvMixer demonstrated the ability to predict the PGA at the corresponding station site based on 1-second waveforms obtained immediately after the arrival time of the P-wave.

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引用次数: 0

A few nifty tips for conducting scientific research

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.003

Lupei Zhu

Scientific research is a journey into an uncharted territory. Researchers need to have the big picture for navigation and at the same time be detail-oriented, as details make a difference. Here I offer a few tips for conducting research that I summarized based on my 30+ years of research experience.

引用次数: 0

3D crustal density modeling of Egypt using GOCE satellite gravity data and seismic integration

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.003

Moataz Sayed , Mohamed Sobh , Salah Saleh , Amal Othman , Ahmed Elmahmoudi

A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques, which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data. These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), creating seismic profiles, analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data, obtaining information from boreholes, and providing geological interpretations. GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data. A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions, seismic refraction profiles, and geological insights. The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates. The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness, geology, and tectonics of Egypt. It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea, reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin, high-density crust. The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt, Red Sea coastal mountains, and Sinai Peninsula. The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt, contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.

{"title":"3D crustal density modeling of Egypt using GOCE satellite gravity data and seismic integration","authors":"Moataz Sayed , Mohamed Sobh , Salah Saleh , Amal Othman , Ahmed Elmahmoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques, which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data. These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), creating seismic profiles, analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data, obtaining information from boreholes, and providing geological interpretations. GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data. A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions, seismic refraction profiles, and geological insights. The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates. The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness, geology, and tectonics of Egypt. It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea, reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin, high-density crust. The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt, Red Sea coastal mountains, and Sinai Peninsula. The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt, contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 110-125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-parameter modeling and analysis of ground motion amplification in the Quaternary sedimentary basin of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.002

Hong Zhou

Basin effect was first described following the analysis of seismic ground motion associated with the 1985 M_W8.1 earthquake in Mexico. Basins affect the propagation of seismic waves through various mechanisms, and several unique phenomena, such as the basin edge effect, basin focusing effect, and basin-induced secondary waves, have been observed. Understanding and quantitatively predicting these phenomena are crucial for earthquake disaster reduction. Some pioneering studies in this field have proposed a quantitative relationship between the basin effect on ground motion and basin depth. Unfortunately, basin effect phenomena predicted using a model based only on basin depth exhibit large deviations from actual distributions, implying the severe shortcomings of single-parameter basin effect modeling. Quaternary sediments are thick and widely distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The seismic media inside and outside of this basin have significantly different physical properties, and the basin bottom forms an interface with strong seismic reflections. In this study, we established a three-dimensional structure model of the Quaternary sedimentary basin based on the velocity structure model of the North China Craton and used it to simulate the ground motion under a strong earthquake following the spectral element method, obtaining the spatial distribution characteristics of the ground motion amplification ratio throughout the basin. The back-propagation(BP) neural network algorithm was then introduced to establish a multi-parameter mathematical model for predicting ground motion amplification ratios, with the seismic source location, physical property ratio of the media inside and outside the basin, seismic wave frequency, and basin shape as the input parameters. We then examined the main factors influencing the amplification of seismic ground motion in basins based on the prediction results, and concluded that the main factors influencing the basin effect are basin shape and differences in the physical properties of media inside and outside the basin.

{"title":"Multi-parameter modeling and analysis of ground motion amplification in the Quaternary sedimentary basin of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","authors":"Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basin effect was first described following the analysis of seismic ground motion associated with the 1985 <em>M</em><sub>W</sub>8.1 earthquake in Mexico. Basins affect the propagation of seismic waves through various mechanisms, and several unique phenomena, such as the basin edge effect, basin focusing effect, and basin-induced secondary waves, have been observed. Understanding and quantitatively predicting these phenomena are crucial for earthquake disaster reduction. Some pioneering studies in this field have proposed a quantitative relationship between the basin effect on ground motion and basin depth. Unfortunately, basin effect phenomena predicted using a model based only on basin depth exhibit large deviations from actual distributions, implying the severe shortcomings of single-parameter basin effect modeling. Quaternary sediments are thick and widely distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The seismic media inside and outside of this basin have significantly different physical properties, and the basin bottom forms an interface with strong seismic reflections. In this study, we established a three-dimensional structure model of the Quaternary sedimentary basin based on the velocity structure model of the North China Craton and used it to simulate the ground motion under a strong earthquake following the spectral element method, obtaining the spatial distribution characteristics of the ground motion amplification ratio throughout the basin. The back-propagation(BP) neural network algorithm was then introduced to establish a multi-parameter mathematical model for predicting ground motion amplification ratios, with the seismic source location, physical property ratio of the media inside and outside the basin, seismic wave frequency, and basin shape as the input parameters. We then examined the main factors influencing the amplification of seismic ground motion in basins based on the prediction results, and concluded that the main factors influencing the basin effect are basin shape and differences in the physical properties of media inside and outside the basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 136-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A correlation study of selected geomagnetic events recorded by the Egyptian observatories and INTERMAGNET stations

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.001

Aalaa Samy, Tarek Arafa-Hamed, Abdou Abdelkader, Ahmed Khashaba, Emad Takla

Geomagnetic observatory data are crucial for all branches of geophysics because they can contribute to earthquake research by detecting anomalies in the Earth’s magnetic field. Recently, data records from the Misallat (MLT) and Abu Simbel (ABS) Egyptian geomagnetic observatories were processed and found to be of good quality. In this study, Egyptian observatory data were tested during both quiet and disturbed events and compared with data from INTERMAGNET observatories worldwide at different latitudes and within a narrow range of longitudes in both hemispheres. This study investigated the relationships between magnetic field components from Egyptian observatories and those from INTERMAGNET observatories using graphical representations of the X components; Pearson’s correlation for the X, Y, Z, and F components; cross-correlation for the X component; and wavelet coherence for the F component. The results of this study showed a high correlation between Egyptian observatories and all utilized INTERMAGNET stations, except those located at high latitudes, during both quiet and disturbed events. Additionally, the study confirmed the observed consistency between Egyptian observatories and selected INTERMAGNET stations. Therefore, Egyptian observatories can feasibly fill the gap in the Middle East and North Africa.

{"title":"A correlation study of selected geomagnetic events recorded by the Egyptian observatories and INTERMAGNET stations","authors":"Aalaa Samy, Tarek Arafa-Hamed, Abdou Abdelkader, Ahmed Khashaba, Emad Takla","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geomagnetic observatory data are crucial for all branches of geophysics because they can contribute to earthquake research by detecting anomalies in the Earth’s magnetic field. Recently, data records from the Misallat (MLT) and Abu Simbel (ABS) Egyptian geomagnetic observatories were processed and found to be of good quality. In this study, Egyptian observatory data were tested during both quiet and disturbed events and compared with data from INTERMAGNET observatories worldwide at different latitudes and within a narrow range of longitudes in both hemispheres. This study investigated the relationships between magnetic field components from Egyptian observatories and those from INTERMAGNET observatories using graphical representations of the <em>X</em> components; Pearson’s correlation for the <em>X</em>, <em>Y</em>, <em>Z</em>, and <em>F</em> components; cross-correlation for the <em>X</em> component; and wavelet coherence for the <em>F</em> component. The results of this study showed a high correlation between Egyptian observatories and all utilized INTERMAGNET stations, except those located at high latitudes, during both quiet and disturbed events. Additionally, the study confirmed the observed consistency between Egyptian observatories and selected INTERMAGNET stations. Therefore, Egyptian observatories can feasibly fill the gap in the Middle East and North Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The quest for good research ideas

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.004

John Emilio Vidale

The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists. Over the past four decades, I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts. I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.

引用次数: 0

High-quality control of receiver functions using a capsule neural network

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.002

Mona H. Hegazi , Ahmad M. Faried , Omar M. Saad

The Red Sea-Gulf of Suez-Cairo-Alexandria Clysmic-Trend in northern Egypt is the main earthquake zone in the country, with a moderate-to-high seismic hazard and a history of significant earthquakes caused by rifting and active faulting. To improve our understanding of the tectonic and seismic processes in this area, more comprehensive imaging of the crustal structure is required. This can be achieved by increasing the number of receiver functions (RFs) recorded by the seismic stations in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean. Data handling and processing should also be automated to increase process efficiency. In this study, we developed a capsule neural network for automated selection of RFs. The model was trained on a dataset containing RFs (both selected and unselected) from five broadband stations in northern Egypt. Stations SLM, SIWA, KOT, NBNS, and NKL are located in the unstable shelf region of Egypt, where limited knowledge of the deep crustal structure is available. The proposed capsule neural network achieved an average precision of 80% on the test set. The automated selection of RFs using a capsule neural network has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of RF analysis, as demonstrated by the stacking test. This could lead to a better understanding of crustal structure and tectonic processes in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean.

{"title":"High-quality control of receiver functions using a capsule neural network","authors":"Mona H. Hegazi , Ahmad M. Faried , Omar M. Saad","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Red Sea-Gulf of Suez-Cairo-Alexandria Clysmic-Trend in northern Egypt is the main earthquake zone in the country, with a moderate-to-high seismic hazard and a history of significant earthquakes caused by rifting and active faulting. To improve our understanding of the tectonic and seismic processes in this area, more comprehensive imaging of the crustal structure is required. This can be achieved by increasing the number of receiver functions (RFs) recorded by the seismic stations in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean. Data handling and processing should also be automated to increase process efficiency. In this study, we developed a capsule neural network for automated selection of RFs. The model was trained on a dataset containing RFs (both selected and unselected) from five broadband stations in northern Egypt. Stations SLM, SIWA, KOT, NBNS, and NKL are located in the unstable shelf region of Egypt, where limited knowledge of the deep crustal structure is available. The proposed capsule neural network achieved an average precision of 80% on the test set. The automated selection of RFs using a capsule neural network has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of RF analysis, as demonstrated by the stacking test. This could lead to a better understanding of crustal structure and tectonic processes in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 2","pages":"Pages 93-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overview of the focus issue on enhancing earthquake research through geomagnetic and seismic data analysis

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2025.01.001

Frédéric Masson , Omar M. Saad , Mohamed Abdel Zaher , Xiaodong Song

引用次数: 0

Monitoring seismic velocity changes in the Dongtan Coal Mine using ambient noise correlation

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.08.001

Chao Kong , Kai Zhan , Xiaotao Wen , Ping Song , Lianhai Zhang , Hanying Ding

This study analyzed ambient seismic noise using the MSNoise package to monitor temporal changes in the underground seismic wave velocity in Mining Area 6 of the Dongtan Coal Mine in China. The data was recorded continuously over 76 days by 7 three-component stations and 10 single-component microseismic stations deployed in Dongtan Coal Mine, with station spacing ranging from 0.1 km to approximately 3 km. Using the causal and non-causal components of the Z-component cross-correlation function, along with moving-window cross-spectrum analysis and cumulative calculations with a 5-day window overlay, stable seismic velocity changes were obtained in the frequency band of 0.1 to 2 Hz. We found a correlation between the timing of average velocity changes and seismic events caused by underground mining processes. In particular, when the relative seismic velocity increased by 0.23%, larger energy minequakes typically occurred. This study shows that ambient noise correlation has great potential for predicting minequakes, guiding pressure-relief production, and providing warnings about the impact of overburden pressure.

{"title":"Monitoring seismic velocity changes in the Dongtan Coal Mine using ambient noise correlation","authors":"Chao Kong , Kai Zhan , Xiaotao Wen , Ping Song , Lianhai Zhang , Hanying Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed ambient seismic noise using the MSNoise package to monitor temporal changes in the underground seismic wave velocity in Mining Area 6 of the Dongtan Coal Mine in China. The data was recorded continuously over 76 days by 7 three-component stations and 10 single-component microseismic stations deployed in Dongtan Coal Mine, with station spacing ranging from 0.1 km to approximately 3 km. Using the causal and non-causal components of the <em>Z</em>-component cross-correlation function, along with moving-window cross-spectrum analysis and cumulative calculations with a 5-day window overlay, stable seismic velocity changes were obtained in the frequency band of 0.1 to 2 Hz. We found a correlation between the timing of average velocity changes and seismic events caused by underground mining processes. In particular, when the relative seismic velocity increased by 0.23%, larger energy minequakes typically occurred. This study shows that ambient noise correlation has great potential for predicting minequakes, guiding pressure-relief production, and providing warnings about the impact of overburden pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the data quality and seismic monitoring capabilities of the Belt and Road GNSS network

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.007

Yu Li , Yinxing Shao , Tan Wang , Yuebing Wang , Hongbo Shi

The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system (B&R GNSS) network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system. Prior to this, there have been few systematic assessments of the data quality of Chinese GNSS equipment. In this study, data from four representative GNSS sites in different regions of China were analyzed using the G-Nut/Anubis software package. Four main indicators (data integrity rate, data validity ratio, multi-path error, and cycle slip ratio) used to systematically analyze data quality, while evaluating the seismic monitoring capabilities of the network based on earthquake magnitudes estimated from high-frequency GNSS data are evaluated by estimating magnitude based on high-frequency GNSS data. The results indicate that the quality of the data produced by the three types of Chinese receivers used in the network meets the needs of earthquake monitoring and the new seismic industry standards, which provide a reference for the selection of equipment for future new projects. After the B&R GNSS network was established, the seismic monitoring capability for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M_W6.5 in most parts of the Sichuan-Yunnan region improved by approximately 20%. In key areas such as the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block, the monitoring capability increased by more than 25%, which has greatly improved the effectiveness of regional comprehensive earthquake management.

{"title":"Assessing the data quality and seismic monitoring capabilities of the Belt and Road GNSS network","authors":"Yu Li , Yinxing Shao , Tan Wang , Yuebing Wang , Hongbo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system (B&R GNSS) network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system. Prior to this, there have been few systematic assessments of the data quality of Chinese GNSS equipment. In this study, data from four representative GNSS sites in different regions of China were analyzed using the G-Nut/Anubis software package. Four main indicators (data integrity rate, data validity ratio, multi-path error, and cycle slip ratio) used to systematically analyze data quality, while evaluating the seismic monitoring capabilities of the network based on earthquake magnitudes estimated from high-frequency GNSS data are evaluated by estimating magnitude based on high-frequency GNSS data. The results indicate that the quality of the data produced by the three types of Chinese receivers used in the network meets the needs of earthquake monitoring and the new seismic industry standards, which provide a reference for the selection of equipment for future new projects. After the B&R GNSS network was established, the seismic monitoring capability for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than <em>M</em><sub>W</sub>6.5 in most parts of the Sichuan-Yunnan region improved by approximately 20%. In key areas such as the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block, the monitoring capability increased by more than 25%, which has greatly improved the effectiveness of regional comprehensive earthquake management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46333,"journal":{"name":"Earthquake Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"Pages 56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143152466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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