Earthquake Science最新文献

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3D crustal density modeling of Egypt using GOCE satellite gravity data and seismic integration 利用GOCE卫星重力数据和地震积分进行埃及三维地壳密度模拟

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.003

Moataz Sayed , Mohamed Sobh , Salah Saleh , Amal Othman , Ahmed Elmahmoudi

A 3D crustal model was constructed using a combination of cutting-edge techniques, which were integrated to provide a density model for Egypt and address the sporadic distribution of seismic data. These techniques include obtaining gravity data from the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), creating seismic profiles, analyzing the receiver functions of seismic data, obtaining information from boreholes, and providing geological interpretations. GOCE satellite gravity data were processed to construct a preliminary model based on nonlinear inversions of the data. A regional crustal thickness model was developed using receiver functions, seismic refraction profiles, and geological insights. The inverted model was validated using borehole data and compared with seismic estimates. The model exhibited strong consistency and revealed a correlation between crustal thickness, geology, and tectonics of Egypt. It showed that the shallowest depths of the Moho are located in the north along the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern part along the Red Sea, reflecting an oceanic plate with a thin, high-density crust. The deepest Moho depths are located in the southwestern part of Egypt, Red Sea coastal mountains, and Sinai Peninsula. The obtained 3D model of crustal thickness provided finely detailed Moho depth estimates that aligned closely with geology and tectonic characteristics of Egypt, contributing valuable insights into the subsurface structure and tectonic processes of region.

结合尖端技术构建了三维地壳模型，为埃及提供了密度模型，并解决了地震数据的零星分布问题。这些技术包括从重力场和稳态海洋环流探测器（GOCE）获取重力数据，创建地震剖面，分析地震数据的接收函数，从钻孔中获取信息，以及提供地质解释。对GOCE卫星重力数据进行处理，建立了基于非线性反演的初步模型。利用接收函数、地震折射剖面和地质资料建立了区域地壳厚度模型。利用井眼数据对反演模型进行了验证，并与地震估计结果进行了比较。该模型具有很强的一致性，并揭示了埃及地壳厚度、地质和构造之间的相关性。结果表明，莫霍构造的最浅深度位于地中海北部和红海东部，反映了一个薄而高密度地壳的海洋板块。最深的莫霍深度位于埃及西南部、红海沿岸山脉和西奈半岛。获得的地壳厚度3D模型提供了非常详细的莫霍深度估计，与埃及的地质和构造特征密切相关，为了解该地区的地下结构和构造过程提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A correlation study of selected geomagnetic events recorded by the Egyptian observatories and INTERMAGNET stations 埃及天文台和INTERMAGNET台站记录的选定地磁事件的相关性研究

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.001

Aalaa Samy, Tarek Arafa-Hamed, Abdou Abdelkader, Ahmed Khashaba, Emad Takla

Geomagnetic observatory data are crucial for all branches of geophysics because they can contribute to earthquake research by detecting anomalies in the Earth’s magnetic field. Recently, data records from the Misallat (MLT) and Abu Simbel (ABS) Egyptian geomagnetic observatories were processed and found to be of good quality. In this study, Egyptian observatory data were tested during both quiet and disturbed events and compared with data from INTERMAGNET observatories worldwide at different latitudes and within a narrow range of longitudes in both hemispheres. This study investigated the relationships between magnetic field components from Egyptian observatories and those from INTERMAGNET observatories using graphical representations of the X components; Pearson’s correlation for the X, Y, Z, and F components; cross-correlation for the X component; and wavelet coherence for the F component. The results of this study showed a high correlation between Egyptian observatories and all utilized INTERMAGNET stations, except those located at high latitudes, during both quiet and disturbed events. Additionally, the study confirmed the observed consistency between Egyptian observatories and selected INTERMAGNET stations. Therefore, Egyptian observatories can feasibly fill the gap in the Middle East and North Africa.

地磁观测数据对地球物理学的所有分支都是至关重要的，因为它们可以通过探测地球磁场的异常情况来促进地震研究。最近，对埃及Misallat （MLT）和Abu Simbel （ABS）地磁观测站的数据记录进行了处理，发现质量很好。在这项研究中，埃及天文台的数据在平静和扰动事件期间进行了测试，并与INTERMAGNET在两个半球不同纬度和狭窄经度范围内的全球天文台的数据进行了比较。本研究利用X分量的图形表示研究了埃及天文台和INTERMAGNET天文台磁场分量之间的关系；X、Y、Z和F分量的Pearson相关性；X分量的相互关系；F分量的小波相干性。这项研究的结果表明，在平静和扰动事件期间，埃及天文台与所有利用的INTERMAGNET台站之间存在高度相关性，位于高纬度地区的台站除外。此外，该研究证实了埃及观测站与选定的INTERMAGNET观测站之间观测到的一致性。因此，埃及的天文台可以填补中东和北非的空白。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-parameter modeling and analysis of ground motion amplification in the Quaternary sedimentary basin of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region 京津冀地区第四纪沉积盆地地震动放大多参数模拟与分析

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.002

Hong Zhou

Basin effect was first described following the analysis of seismic ground motion associated with the 1985 M_W8.1 earthquake in Mexico. Basins affect the propagation of seismic waves through various mechanisms, and several unique phenomena, such as the basin edge effect, basin focusing effect, and basin-induced secondary waves, have been observed. Understanding and quantitatively predicting these phenomena are crucial for earthquake disaster reduction. Some pioneering studies in this field have proposed a quantitative relationship between the basin effect on ground motion and basin depth. Unfortunately, basin effect phenomena predicted using a model based only on basin depth exhibit large deviations from actual distributions, implying the severe shortcomings of single-parameter basin effect modeling. Quaternary sediments are thick and widely distributed in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The seismic media inside and outside of this basin have significantly different physical properties, and the basin bottom forms an interface with strong seismic reflections. In this study, we established a three-dimensional structure model of the Quaternary sedimentary basin based on the velocity structure model of the North China Craton and used it to simulate the ground motion under a strong earthquake following the spectral element method, obtaining the spatial distribution characteristics of the ground motion amplification ratio throughout the basin. The back-propagation(BP) neural network algorithm was then introduced to establish a multi-parameter mathematical model for predicting ground motion amplification ratios, with the seismic source location, physical property ratio of the media inside and outside the basin, seismic wave frequency, and basin shape as the input parameters. We then examined the main factors influencing the amplification of seismic ground motion in basins based on the prediction results, and concluded that the main factors influencing the basin effect are basin shape and differences in the physical properties of media inside and outside the basin.

在对1985年墨西哥MW8.1地震的地面运动分析之后，首次描述了盆地效应。盆地通过多种机制影响地震波的传播，并观测到盆地边缘效应、盆地聚焦效应和盆地次生波等独特现象。了解和定量预测这些现象对减少地震灾害至关重要。该领域的一些开创性研究已经提出了盆地对地面运动的影响与盆地深度之间的定量关系。遗憾的是，仅基于盆地深度的模型预测的盆地效应现象与实际分布存在较大偏差，这表明单参数盆地效应模型存在严重缺陷。京津冀地区第四纪沉积物厚度大、分布广。盆地内外地震介质物性差异明显，盆地底部形成强地震反射界面。本研究在华北克拉通速度结构模型的基础上，建立了第四纪沉积盆地三维结构模型，并运用谱元法模拟了强震作用下的地震动，得到了整个盆地地震动放大比的空间分布特征。以震源位置、盆内外介质物性比、地震波频率和盆地形状为输入参数，引入BP神经网络算法，建立了预测地震动放大比的多参数数学模型。基于预测结果，分析了影响盆地地震动放大的主要因素，认为影响盆地效应的主要因素是盆地形状和盆内外介质物性差异。

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引用次数: 0

The quest for good research ideas 寻找好的研究思路

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.11.004

John Emilio Vidale

The search for new research ideas is a central challenge for many scientists. Over the past four decades, I have formed opinions on methods for discerning promising paths from how my own work has advanced in fits and starts. I list five criteria whose relevance and utility I have assessed based on my checkered history of research.

寻找新的研究思路是许多科学家面临的主要挑战。在过去的四十年里，我从自己断断续续的工作进展中，形成了一些辨别有前途的道路的方法。我列出了五个标准，这些标准的相关性和实用性是我根据自己的研究历史进行评估的。

引用次数: 0

High-quality control of receiver functions using a capsule neural network 高质量的控制接收函数使用胶囊神经网络

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.002

Mona H. Hegazi , Ahmad M. Faried , Omar M. Saad

The Red Sea-Gulf of Suez-Cairo-Alexandria Clysmic-Trend in northern Egypt is the main earthquake zone in the country, with a moderate-to-high seismic hazard and a history of significant earthquakes caused by rifting and active faulting. To improve our understanding of the tectonic and seismic processes in this area, more comprehensive imaging of the crustal structure is required. This can be achieved by increasing the number of receiver functions (RFs) recorded by the seismic stations in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean. Data handling and processing should also be automated to increase process efficiency. In this study, we developed a capsule neural network for automated selection of RFs. The model was trained on a dataset containing RFs (both selected and unselected) from five broadband stations in northern Egypt. Stations SLM, SIWA, KOT, NBNS, and NKL are located in the unstable shelf region of Egypt, where limited knowledge of the deep crustal structure is available. The proposed capsule neural network achieved an average precision of 80% on the test set. The automated selection of RFs using a capsule neural network has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of RF analysis, as demonstrated by the stacking test. This could lead to a better understanding of crustal structure and tectonic processes in northern Egypt and the southeastern Mediterranean.

埃及北部的红海-苏伊斯湾-开罗-亚历山大港-克莱斯韦特是该国的主要地震带，具有中高地震危险性，并且有由裂谷和活动断层引起的重大地震的历史。为了提高我们对该地区构造和地震过程的认识，需要对地壳结构进行更全面的成像。这可以通过增加埃及北部和地中海东南部地震台站记录的接收函数（rf）的数量来实现。数据处理和处理也应该自动化，以提高流程效率。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个胶囊神经网络，用于自动选择rf。该模型是在包含来自埃及北部五个宽带站的rf（包括选定的和未选定的）数据集上进行训练的。SLM、SIWA、KOT、NBNS和NKL台站位于埃及不稳定陆架区，对地壳深部结构的了解有限。所提出的胶囊神经网络在测试集上的平均精度达到80%。正如堆叠测试所证明的那样，使用胶囊神经网络自动选择RF有可能显著提高RF分析的效率和准确性。这将有助于更好地了解埃及北部和地中海东南部的地壳结构和构造过程。

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引用次数: 0

Overview of the focus issue on enhancing earthquake research through geomagnetic and seismic data analysis 通过地磁和地震资料分析加强地震研究的重点问题综述

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2025.01.001

Frédéric Masson , Omar M. Saad , Mohamed Abdel Zaher , Xiaodong Song

引用次数: 0

Monitoring seismic velocity changes in the Dongtan Coal Mine using ambient noise correlation 利用环境噪声相关技术监测东滩煤矿地震速度变化

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.08.001

Chao Kong , Kai Zhan , Xiaotao Wen , Ping Song , Lianhai Zhang , Hanying Ding

This study analyzed ambient seismic noise using the MSNoise package to monitor temporal changes in the underground seismic wave velocity in Mining Area 6 of the Dongtan Coal Mine in China. The data was recorded continuously over 76 days by 7 three-component stations and 10 single-component microseismic stations deployed in Dongtan Coal Mine, with station spacing ranging from 0.1 km to approximately 3 km. Using the causal and non-causal components of the Z-component cross-correlation function, along with moving-window cross-spectrum analysis and cumulative calculations with a 5-day window overlay, stable seismic velocity changes were obtained in the frequency band of 0.1 to 2 Hz. We found a correlation between the timing of average velocity changes and seismic events caused by underground mining processes. In particular, when the relative seismic velocity increased by 0.23%, larger energy minequakes typically occurred. This study shows that ambient noise correlation has great potential for predicting minequakes, guiding pressure-relief production, and providing warnings about the impact of overburden pressure.

利用MSNoise软件包对东滩煤矿6采区地下地震波波速进行时序监测，分析环境地震噪声。东滩煤矿部署了7个三分量微震台站和10个单分量微震台站，台站间距从0.1 km到约3 km不等，连续记录了76天的数据。利用z分量互相关函数的因果分量和非因果分量，结合移动窗口交叉频谱分析和5天窗口叠加的累积计算，在0.1 ~ 2 Hz频段内获得了稳定的地震速度变化。我们发现平均速度变化的时间与地下开采过程引起的地震事件之间存在相关性。特别是当相对地震速度增加0.23%时，通常会发生较大能量的小震。研究表明，环境噪声相关性在预测微震、指导泄压生产、预警覆岩压力影响等方面具有很大的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the data quality and seismic monitoring capabilities of the Belt and Road GNSS network 评估“一带一路”GNSS网络的数据质量和地震监测能力

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.007

Yu Li , Yinxing Shao , Tan Wang , Yuebing Wang , Hongbo Shi

The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system (B&R GNSS) network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system. Prior to this, there have been few systematic assessments of the data quality of Chinese GNSS equipment. In this study, data from four representative GNSS sites in different regions of China were analyzed using the G-Nut/Anubis software package. Four main indicators (data integrity rate, data validity ratio, multi-path error, and cycle slip ratio) used to systematically analyze data quality, while evaluating the seismic monitoring capabilities of the network based on earthquake magnitudes estimated from high-frequency GNSS data are evaluated by estimating magnitude based on high-frequency GNSS data. The results indicate that the quality of the data produced by the three types of Chinese receivers used in the network meets the needs of earthquake monitoring and the new seismic industry standards, which provide a reference for the selection of equipment for future new projects. After the B&R GNSS network was established, the seismic monitoring capability for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M_W6.5 in most parts of the Sichuan-Yunnan region improved by approximately 20%. In key areas such as the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block, the monitoring capability increased by more than 25%, which has greatly improved the effectiveness of regional comprehensive earthquake management.

“一带一路”全球导航卫星系统（B&R GNSS）网络是中国GNSS设备首次在地震系统中大规模部署。在此之前，对中国GNSS设备数据质量的系统评估很少。本研究利用G-Nut/Anubis软件包对中国不同地区4个代表性GNSS站点的数据进行分析。系统分析数据质量主要采用数据完整性、数据有效性、多径误差和周滑比4个指标，而基于高频GNSS数据估算地震震级评价台网地震监测能力，通过基于高频GNSS数据估算震级来评价台网地震监测能力。结果表明，三种中文接收机所产生的数据质量均满足地震监测的需要和地震新行业标准的要求，为今后新建工程的设备选型提供了参考。B&；R GNSS网络建立后，川滇地区大部分地区震级6.5以上地震监测能力提高了约20%。在川滇菱形地块等重点地区，监测能力提高25%以上，大大提高了区域地震综合管理的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

High resolution catalog of the Luxian (Sichuan, China) MS6.0 earthquake sequence and analysis of the seismogenic structures 四川芦仙MS6.0级地震序列的高分辨率目录及发震构造分析

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.004

Huili Guo , Dahu Li , Pingping Wu , Qiyan Yang , Ningbo Jiang , Mi Gao , Zhifeng Ding

The epicenter of the Luxian M_S6.0 earthquake on September 16, 2021, was located in the southern Sichuan Basin, which is a historically seismically quiescent area. In recent years, the frequency of earthquakes has increased with the large-scale exploitation of shale gas. No evident surface fractures or seismic faults were observed after the Luxian earthquake. Based on high-quality data recorded by a dense seismic array composed of 70 portable stations with an average spacing of 2–3 km, a high-resolution seismic catalog was constructed for 7 days before and 36 days after the M_S6.0 earthquake using LOC-FLOW, an effective workflow of phase picking, phase association, and earthquake location. Based on the new earthquake catalog, four earthquake clusters that occurred within the Yujiasi Syncline during this period were identified. Among them, the M_S6.0 main earthquake sequence had a NW-SE trend and inclined towards the SW, with a length of approximately 8 km and width of 5 km. The M_S6.0 earthquake sequence only appeared after the mainshock. The other three clusters were located in the northeast direction of the M_S6.0 earthquake sequence, all of which were NE-SW trending strips and had no evident direct correlation with the M_S6.0 mainshock. The focal depth was concentrated in the range of 2–7 km. Based on the seismic sequence profile and structural background, the M_S6.0 seismic structure may be a blind buried fault zone with a NW strike composed of multiple small conjugate faults with NE and SW dip. The fault was not exposed on the surface and was related to the detachment structure in the deep part of the Sichuan Basin.

2021年9月16日发生的芦仙6.0级地震震中位于四川盆地南部，历史上属于地震静止区。近年来，随着页岩气的大规模开采，地震发生的频率有所增加。陆县地震后未发现明显的地表断裂或地震断层。基于70个平均间距为2 ~ 3 km的便携式台站密集地震台网记录的高质量数据，利用LOC-FLOW（相位采集、相位关联和地震定位的有效工作流程）构建了MS6.0地震前7天和后36天的高分辨率地震目录。根据新的地震目录，确定了这一时期发生在余家寺向斜内的4个地震群。其中，MS6.0主地震序列呈NW-SE走向，向西南方向倾斜，长约8 km，宽约5 km。MS6.0级地震序列只出现在主震之后。其余3个震群均位于MS6.0地震序列的东北方向，均为NE-SW向带状，与MS6.0主震没有明显的直接相关性。震源深度集中在2 ~ 7 km范围内。根据地震序列剖面和构造背景分析，MS6.0地震构造可能是一条北西向的盲隐断裂带，由多条北东向和西西向的小共轭断裂组成。该断裂表面不露，与四川盆地深部的滑脱构造有关。

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引用次数: 0

An illustrated guide to: Distributed and integrated fibre-optic sensing in seismology 图解指南：地震学中的分布式和集成光纤传感

IF 1.2 4区地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences

Earthquake Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eqs.2024.09.006

Andreas Fichtner , Fabian Walter , Patrick Paitz , Sara Klaasen , Daniel C. Bowden , Sebastian Noe , Nils Müller , Dominik Husmann , Jacques Morel

The properties of laser signals are affected by deformation of the optical fibre through which they are transmitted. While this deformation dependence is undesirable in telecommunication, it can be exploited for the construction of novel seismic sensors that fill a niche in data acquisition where traditional seismometer arrays would be difficult to deploy. This includes densely populated urban centers, the oceans, volcanoes and the Earth’s polar regions. These notes complement a presentation on recent methodological developments and applications in fibre-optic seismology. The first part is focused on the use of distributed fibre-optic sensing in cryosphere research, and specifically the investigation of the internal structure and seismicity of glaciers and ice sheets. The second part is dedicated to recent advances in integrated fibre-optic sensing, with emphasis on novel measurement principles and sensitivity.

激光信号的性质受传输激光信号的光纤变形的影响。虽然这种变形依赖在电信中是不可取的，但它可以用于构建新型地震传感器，填补传统地震仪阵列难以部署的数据采集领域的空白。这包括人口密集的城市中心、海洋、火山和地球的极地地区。这些笔记补充了关于最近的方法发展和光纤地震学应用的介绍。第一部分重点介绍了分布式光纤传感在冰冻圈研究中的应用，特别是对冰川和冰盖内部结构和地震活动性的研究。第二部分介绍了集成光纤传感的最新进展，重点介绍了新的测量原理和灵敏度。

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