Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-2-009
Ottó Bartók, Jana Matošková
E-commerce has become an integral part of the modern age. The behaviour of e-commerce customers has some specifics, which is useful for firms to understand. As customers’ trust and willingness to accept risk influence the decision to buy a product in e-commerce, it is evident that some unique factors must be in e-commerce which is needed to pay attention to be a successful seller. One of the trends affecting how to manage relations with customers is the use of firm profiles on social networks. This paper identifies factors related to the company’s Facebook profile that influence customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in e-commerce. Furthermore, non-traditional factors such as Self-efficacy or Data security are used. The study provides a primary basis for further research in this area. Data collection was done among e-commerce customers using a questionnaire survey (n = 602). For data analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used. The determined construct contained a total of 9 variables. The findings confirmed that the following factors affect customer satisfaction and loyalty: the perceived usefulness and the amount of information on the Facebook company profile, the perceived Credibility of information given on this profile, the Data security offered by the social network, customer Self-efficacy and Ease of use of the given social network. The results supported the idea that it is possible to build relationships with customers in e-commerce via social networks. To offer credible information in an adequate frequency on the company profile is essential. Furthermore, it is helpful to consider customers’ perceived safety and Self-efficacy, which have also proven to be important in the online environment. These results can serve business practice.
{"title":"ESSENTIAL FACTORS FOR BUILDING CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS ON FACEBOOK: EVIDENCE FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC","authors":"Ottó Bartók, Jana Matošková","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-2-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-2-009","url":null,"abstract":"E-commerce has become an integral part of the modern age. The behaviour of e-commerce customers has some specifics, which is useful for firms to understand. As customers’ trust and willingness to accept risk influence the decision to buy a product in e-commerce, it is evident that some unique factors must be in e-commerce which is needed to pay attention to be a successful seller. One of the trends affecting how to manage relations with customers is the use of firm profiles on social networks. This paper identifies factors related to the company’s Facebook profile that influence customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in e-commerce. Furthermore, non-traditional factors such as Self-efficacy or Data security are used. The study provides a primary basis for further research in this area. Data collection was done among e-commerce customers using a questionnaire survey (n = 602). For data analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used. The determined construct contained a total of 9 variables. The findings confirmed that the following factors affect customer satisfaction and loyalty: the perceived usefulness and the amount of information on the Facebook company profile, the perceived Credibility of information given on this profile, the Data security offered by the social network, customer Self-efficacy and Ease of use of the given social network. The results supported the idea that it is possible to build relationships with customers in e-commerce via social networks. To offer credible information in an adequate frequency on the company profile is essential. Furthermore, it is helpful to consider customers’ perceived safety and Self-efficacy, which have also proven to be important in the online environment. These results can serve business practice.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81751895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-011
Petr Scholz, Lenka Červová, P. Janeček, I. Linderová
This research article focuses on the ecological operation of accommodation services in Bulgaria. The aim of this article is to evaluate the application of various green management elements and measures in selected hotels in Bulgaria, namely in the cities of Sofia and Varna. The research will pay attention to the implementation of individual green measures in hotel operations as well as a comparison between hotel categories and hotels in the two cities in terms of the application of green measures. Running an environmentally friendly hotel can have several positive effects. It significantly manifests itself in the area of marketing – it creates an image, has an effect on current and prospective guests, and defines the positioning of the hotel. It also impacts the economic and operational aspects, with ecological elements having the potential to reduce hotels’ operating costs. The societal impact of running hotels in an environmentally friendly fashion lies in resource conservation and ensuring environmental sustainability. This research was carried out using mixed research methods, combining semi-structured interviews with hotel management staff in Varna (n = 90) and Sofia (n = 96). The total sample of participating hotels represented 81.6% of hotels in the two cities. The interviews were complemented with a questionnaire survey, which focused on the application of environmentally friendly solutions in hotel operations. In the data analysis stage, the methods of correspondence analysis, the ANOVA test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The results suggest that the higher the hotel category, the stronger the trend to use environmentally friendly methods in running hotels. The research also found that there were differences between the level at which green measures were applied in hotel operations in the two cities. The research results are applicable in practice by national professional associations that support resource conservation and thus affect the entire hospitality industry.
{"title":"GREEN MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION: A CASE OF THE BULGARIAN HOTEL MARKET","authors":"Petr Scholz, Lenka Červová, P. Janeček, I. Linderová","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-011","url":null,"abstract":"This research article focuses on the ecological operation of accommodation services in Bulgaria. The aim of this article is to evaluate the application of various green management elements and measures in selected hotels in Bulgaria, namely in the cities of Sofia and Varna. The research will pay attention to the implementation of individual green measures in hotel operations as well as a comparison between hotel categories and hotels in the two cities in terms of the application of green measures. Running an environmentally friendly hotel can have several positive effects. It significantly manifests itself in the area of marketing – it creates an image, has an effect on current and prospective guests, and defines the positioning of the hotel. It also impacts the economic and operational aspects, with ecological elements having the potential to reduce hotels’ operating costs. The societal impact of running hotels in an environmentally friendly fashion lies in resource conservation and ensuring environmental sustainability. This research was carried out using mixed research methods, combining semi-structured interviews with hotel management staff in Varna (n = 90) and Sofia (n = 96). The total sample of participating hotels represented 81.6% of hotels in the two cities. The interviews were complemented with a questionnaire survey, which focused on the application of environmentally friendly solutions in hotel operations. In the data analysis stage, the methods of correspondence analysis, the ANOVA test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The results suggest that the higher the hotel category, the stronger the trend to use environmentally friendly methods in running hotels. The research also found that there were differences between the level at which green measures were applied in hotel operations in the two cities. The research results are applicable in practice by national professional associations that support resource conservation and thus affect the entire hospitality industry.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88168730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-001
Petr Blaschke
Investment incentives were originally created particularly to support the inflow of foreign capital into transforming economies. Today, they are also available in the developed countries of Western Europe, where they no longer fulfil their primary function but have become a standard and popular economic policy tool allowing the government to emphasise its impact on the country’s positive economic development (e.g., falling unemployment and reductions in unemployment benefits or recovery of public finance). Like any comprehensive system, the system of investment incentives has its supporters and opponents who cannot agree on their justification. The question is, whether they are efficient from the point of view of the government, as their provider. This is even more prevalent if the given investment was realised without investment support. Using the data of investment incentives provided by CzechInvest and selected macroeconomic indicators (Czech Statistical Office), as well as regression analysis of time series dependences, the aim of this paper is to verify the impact of investment supported by incentives (independent variables) on the macroeconomic climate of the Czech Republic (dependent variables) from 1998 to 2019. Based on the research findings, investment incentives cannot be described as an effective economic policy tool that clearly leads to the regions’ economic development. They contribute to an inflow of investments into (not only) structurally problematic regions (i.e., with higher unemployment or a lower economic level), but the positive impact of these investments on the macroeconomic climate is statistically negligible – not only at the regional level (NUTS 3), but also at the level of the whole economy (NUTS 1). In addition, the question remains as to whether or not the supported investments in the given region would have been implemented without the possibility of using incentives.
{"title":"INVESTMENT INCENTIVES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC","authors":"Petr Blaschke","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-001","url":null,"abstract":"Investment incentives were originally created particularly to support the inflow of foreign capital into transforming economies. Today, they are also available in the developed countries of Western Europe, where they no longer fulfil their primary function but have become a standard and popular economic policy tool allowing the government to emphasise its impact on the country’s positive economic development (e.g., falling unemployment and reductions in unemployment benefits or recovery of public finance). Like any comprehensive system, the system of investment incentives has its supporters and opponents who cannot agree on their justification. The question is, whether they are efficient from the point of view of the government, as their provider. This is even more prevalent if the given investment was realised without investment support. Using the data of investment incentives provided by CzechInvest and selected macroeconomic indicators (Czech Statistical Office), as well as regression analysis of time series dependences, the aim of this paper is to verify the impact of investment supported by incentives (independent variables) on the macroeconomic climate of the Czech Republic (dependent variables) from 1998 to 2019. Based on the research findings, investment incentives cannot be described as an effective economic policy tool that clearly leads to the regions’ economic development. They contribute to an inflow of investments into (not only) structurally problematic regions (i.e., with higher unemployment or a lower economic level), but the positive impact of these investments on the macroeconomic climate is statistically negligible – not only at the regional level (NUTS 3), but also at the level of the whole economy (NUTS 1). In addition, the question remains as to whether or not the supported investments in the given region would have been implemented without the possibility of using incentives.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88073844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-008
B. Vuković, K. Mijić, D. Jakšić, Dušan Saković
The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants and indicate their impact on the company’s cash holdings in the wholesale industry in ten Balkan countries. Effective cash holdings management is key to any company’s healthy and smooth business operation, so comprehending and analyzing the relationship between the company’s internal determinants and cash holdings is vital. The sample used for this work included 106 companies, whose operations were studied over a four-year period (2014–2017), using the panel data model with fixed effects. The obtained results showed that three of the five observed variables (size, leverage, non-cash liquid assets, profitability and asset tangibility) have a statistically significant impact on the company’s cash holdings. It was determined that larger wholesale companies generally hold less cash, primarily due to more favorable external sources of financing, thus, financially stronger wholesale companies on the Balkans are likely to hold less cash. Only by practicing adequate inventory management and receivables collection policy can wholesale companies ensure effective working capital, leading to the fact that more profitable wholesale companies hold more cash. The realized profit of wholesale companies is used to increase liquidity as well as to stimulate business growth and development. The research results revealed that, in order to achieve an optimal cash holdings level, the observed wholesale companies in Balkan countries tend to constantly balance between profitability and liquidity. This paper contributes to improving the liquidity of wholesale companies in Balkan countries. It also offers wholesale companies assistance in establishing and maintaining an optimal cash holdings policy in order to reduce the potential risk of financial distress enable them to take advantage of all investment alternatives to maximize profit. All stakeholders will benefit from the developed model with significant determinants of the cash holdings policy along with the findings of this paper, especially when making decisions related to the cash holdings policy of wholesale companies and improving the overall business efficiency.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF CASH HOLDINGS: EVIDENCE FROM BALKAN COUNTRIES","authors":"B. Vuković, K. Mijić, D. Jakšić, Dušan Saković","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-008","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants and indicate their impact on the company’s cash holdings in the wholesale industry in ten Balkan countries. Effective cash holdings management is key to any company’s healthy and smooth business operation, so comprehending and analyzing the relationship between the company’s internal determinants and cash holdings is vital. The sample used for this work included 106 companies, whose operations were studied over a four-year period (2014–2017), using the panel data model with fixed effects. The obtained results showed that three of the five observed variables (size, leverage, non-cash liquid assets, profitability and asset tangibility) have a statistically significant impact on the company’s cash holdings. It was determined that larger wholesale companies generally hold less cash, primarily due to more favorable external sources of financing, thus, financially stronger wholesale companies on the Balkans are likely to hold less cash. Only by practicing adequate inventory management and receivables collection policy can wholesale companies ensure effective working capital, leading to the fact that more profitable wholesale companies hold more cash. The realized profit of wholesale companies is used to increase liquidity as well as to stimulate business growth and development. The research results revealed that, in order to achieve an optimal cash holdings level, the observed wholesale companies in Balkan countries tend to constantly balance between profitability and liquidity. This paper contributes to improving the liquidity of wholesale companies in Balkan countries. It also offers wholesale companies assistance in establishing and maintaining an optimal cash holdings policy in order to reduce the potential risk of financial distress enable them to take advantage of all investment alternatives to maximize profit. All stakeholders will benefit from the developed model with significant determinants of the cash holdings policy along with the findings of this paper, especially when making decisions related to the cash holdings policy of wholesale companies and improving the overall business efficiency.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-005
R. Savov, J. Kozáková, Jan Tlučhoř
The success of talent management is based on keeping talented individuals in a company. Attractive work, suitable working environment, strong organizational culture, work flexibility, effective leadership, as well as financial or non-financial benefits are factors that a company can significantly influence in order to retain talent for future tasks. On the other hand, companies should avoid mistakes that complicate retention of talent, for example, extreme workload, conflicts with executives, lack of opportunities for self-development, as well as inadequate financial remuneration. The goal of presented study is to explore differences in talent retention in various types of companies according to several factors. Realized questionnaire study obtained data from 381 companies represented by managers. Data were analyzed quantitatively by ANOVA and results were completed and described by Focus groups qualitative research. The research model was set according to outcomes of previous researches with following most important factors: financial requirements, motivation system, communication and self-development. Also, the challenges from outside and specific procedures provided inside the company to retain talents were added. Obtained outcomes shows interesting differences between companies in successful retention of talents which can be found: in private companies, in companies with foreign capital, in companies with a HR unit, and companies with a better financial situation. Surprising findings were seen in the comparison of companies by size. Despite the better chances of retaining talents in larger companies, the talent retention process is more successful in small ones. Our study helps to understand the current situation in talent retention in different types of Slovak companies and find ways to improvement. Outcomes are significant for managers, researchers and education of future entrepreneurs. However, despite good knowledge of practical implementation of talent retention in Slovak companies there are still limited financial resources and regulations which impede the application of the results obtained.
{"title":"TALENT RETENTION IN SLOVAK COMPANIES: EXPLORATIVE STUDY","authors":"R. Savov, J. Kozáková, Jan Tlučhoř","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-005","url":null,"abstract":"The success of talent management is based on keeping talented individuals in a company. Attractive work, suitable working environment, strong organizational culture, work flexibility, effective leadership, as well as financial or non-financial benefits are factors that a company can significantly influence in order to retain talent for future tasks. On the other hand, companies should avoid mistakes that complicate retention of talent, for example, extreme workload, conflicts with executives, lack of opportunities for self-development, as well as inadequate financial remuneration. The goal of presented study is to explore differences in talent retention in various types of companies according to several factors. Realized questionnaire study obtained data from 381 companies represented by managers. Data were analyzed quantitatively by ANOVA and results were completed and described by Focus groups qualitative research. The research model was set according to outcomes of previous researches with following most important factors: financial requirements, motivation system, communication and self-development. Also, the challenges from outside and specific procedures provided inside the company to retain talents were added. Obtained outcomes shows interesting differences between companies in successful retention of talents which can be found: in private companies, in companies with foreign capital, in companies with a HR unit, and companies with a better financial situation. Surprising findings were seen in the comparison of companies by size. Despite the better chances of retaining talents in larger companies, the talent retention process is more successful in small ones. Our study helps to understand the current situation in talent retention in different types of Slovak companies and find ways to improvement. Outcomes are significant for managers, researchers and education of future entrepreneurs. However, despite good knowledge of practical implementation of talent retention in Slovak companies there are still limited financial resources and regulations which impede the application of the results obtained.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85082483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-010
Xiaoting Wang, Peilong Shen, Iveta Palečková
This paper focuses on the impact of Chinese and US monetary policy on the net financial assets value of macro balance sheet from both theoretical and empirical aspects and reveals the sectoral solvency risk conduction path based on the balance sheet channel. In addition, the paper is focused on the effects of the interest rate as a target tool for monetary policy on the macro net financial assets. In the theoretical analysis, the net present value model of the economy is constructed, and a general equilibrium model representing the relationship between the real interest rate and net asset value of five sectors is derived (government, financial, resident, enterprise and central bank sector). This model explains the basic principle how interest rates affect net financial assets values. The dataset includes the central bank, commercial banks and shadow banks, and the stock and equity liabilities of the debtor are taken as the net asset of financial institutions during the period 2000–2016. The empirical results show that an increase in the real deposit interest rate improves the net financial assets value of the four sectors, and an increase in the real loan interest rate reduces the net financial assets value of the four sectors, while the effect of the real loan interest rate is greater than the real deposit interest rate. The effect ranking of interest rates on the four sectors is financial, enterprise, government, and resident sector. Overall, loose monetary policies can reduce macro-financial risks through the balance sheet channel, while the negative effects of long-term low-interest policies should be prevented; the macro-policies should hedge sectoral risks triggered by the exit of the easing policy via the macro balance sheet channel.
{"title":"RESEARCH ON THE MACRO NET FINANCIAL ASSETS VALUE EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY","authors":"Xiaoting Wang, Peilong Shen, Iveta Palečková","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the impact of Chinese and US monetary policy on the net financial assets value of macro balance sheet from both theoretical and empirical aspects and reveals the sectoral solvency risk conduction path based on the balance sheet channel. In addition, the paper is focused on the effects of the interest rate as a target tool for monetary policy on the macro net financial assets. In the theoretical analysis, the net present value model of the economy is constructed, and a general equilibrium model representing the relationship between the real interest rate and net asset value of five sectors is derived (government, financial, resident, enterprise and central bank sector). This model explains the basic principle how interest rates affect net financial assets values. The dataset includes the central bank, commercial banks and shadow banks, and the stock and equity liabilities of the debtor are taken as the net asset of financial institutions during the period 2000–2016. The empirical results show that an increase in the real deposit interest rate improves the net financial assets value of the four sectors, and an increase in the real loan interest rate reduces the net financial assets value of the four sectors, while the effect of the real loan interest rate is greater than the real deposit interest rate. The effect ranking of interest rates on the four sectors is financial, enterprise, government, and resident sector. Overall, loose monetary policies can reduce macro-financial risks through the balance sheet channel, while the negative effects of long-term low-interest policies should be prevented; the macro-policies should hedge sectoral risks triggered by the exit of the easing policy via the macro balance sheet channel.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85277963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-009
Khurram Ajaz Khan, Gentjan Çera, Sandra Raquel Pinto Alves
There is no substantial evidence that exists in the literature to establish the link between financial advice and financial capability fully establishes, even though ‘getting help’ is identified as an important aspect of financial capability. This study sets out to fulfil a couple of objectives. Its primary goal is to investigate the effects that a combination of financial literacy elements (financial attitude, financial knowledge, and financial behaviour), financial advice as well as financial satisfaction have on individuals’ financial capability, and secondly, to test and prescribe the improved scale of financial capability measurement. This research has been administered in Spain at an individual level. Hierarchical regression method along with Z-test were used. Regressions’ outcomes reveal that financial constructs positively impact the individuals’ financial capability. From the viewpoint of policymakers, it is vital to fully comprehend the significant factors influencing financial capability to plan better strategies to empower the citizens with adequate skills, abilities, and behaviour so to succeed in dealing with financial matters in daily basis. The originality and value added to the present study is two-fold. Firstly, it comprehensively examines the wide-ranging financial indicators seen as critical in determining financial capability, which remain yet not quite covered in other studies. Second, both indicators used to measure the financial capability revealed no substantial differences, therefore an improved composite scale is prescribed as useful in measuring financial capability in future research.
{"title":"FINANCIAL CAPABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL ADVICE, AND FINANCIAL SATISFACTION","authors":"Khurram Ajaz Khan, Gentjan Çera, Sandra Raquel Pinto Alves","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-009","url":null,"abstract":"There is no substantial evidence that exists in the literature to establish the link between financial advice and financial capability fully establishes, even though ‘getting help’ is identified as an important aspect of financial capability. This study sets out to fulfil a couple of objectives. Its primary goal is to investigate the effects that a combination of financial literacy elements (financial attitude, financial knowledge, and financial behaviour), financial advice as well as financial satisfaction have on individuals’ financial capability, and secondly, to test and prescribe the improved scale of financial capability measurement. This research has been administered in Spain at an individual level. Hierarchical regression method along with Z-test were used. Regressions’ outcomes reveal that financial constructs positively impact the individuals’ financial capability. From the viewpoint of policymakers, it is vital to fully comprehend the significant factors influencing financial capability to plan better strategies to empower the citizens with adequate skills, abilities, and behaviour so to succeed in dealing with financial matters in daily basis. The originality and value added to the present study is two-fold. Firstly, it comprehensively examines the wide-ranging financial indicators seen as critical in determining financial capability, which remain yet not quite covered in other studies. Second, both indicators used to measure the financial capability revealed no substantial differences, therefore an improved composite scale is prescribed as useful in measuring financial capability in future research.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89341181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-003
Niusha Eivazzadeh, Halil Nadi̇ri̇
The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between compulsory citizenship behavior and turnover intention of academics in Iranian universities. The effects of other components, such as the perception of organizational justice and psychological security, on this relationship were tested as mediators. Moreover, some demographic elements were considered as controlling factors. The nonprobability convenience sampling method used to collect the data, which were analyzed statistically by applying CFA and structural equation modeling (Path Diagram followed by the maximum likelihood estimation method). It was determined compulsory citizenship behavior increases the academics’ turnover intention in Iranian universities while mediation elements, such as organizational justice and psychological security, reduce this negative consequence. The result shows that reducing the negative influence of CCB in the organization causes less percentage of turnover intention. Rising the employees’ perception of organizational justice and their psychological security, is helpful for the administration to achieve this goal. Findings notify managers that (1) fairness in all work-related outcomes and (2) making the working environment psychologically secure decreases the academics’ intention to leave although they feel the pressure of doing extra-role duties. The most interesting finding is that psychological security held a substantially stronger effect on reducing the negative consequences of CCB than organizational justice. For organizations and managers, the emphasis should be on preparing work environments supportive of high organizational justice and employees’ psychological security to maintain turnover intention at its lowest levels. Regarding the compatibility of the study with the Journal focus, we can mention that results will allow HR practitioners a better understanding of essential factors they have to focus in their leadership style and management efforts to reduce the financial and spiritual costs of turnover intention.
{"title":"AN EMPIRICAL STUDY TO INVESTIGATE THE COERCIVE MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM ACADEMIA","authors":"Niusha Eivazzadeh, Halil Nadi̇ri̇","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-003","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between compulsory citizenship behavior and turnover intention of academics in Iranian universities. The effects of other components, such as the perception of organizational justice and psychological security, on this relationship were tested as mediators. Moreover, some demographic elements were considered as controlling factors. The nonprobability convenience sampling method used to collect the data, which were analyzed statistically by applying CFA and structural equation modeling (Path Diagram followed by the maximum likelihood estimation method). It was determined compulsory citizenship behavior increases the academics’ turnover intention in Iranian universities while mediation elements, such as organizational justice and psychological security, reduce this negative consequence. The result shows that reducing the negative influence of CCB in the organization causes less percentage of turnover intention. Rising the employees’ perception of organizational justice and their psychological security, is helpful for the administration to achieve this goal. Findings notify managers that (1) fairness in all work-related outcomes and (2) making the working environment psychologically secure decreases the academics’ intention to leave although they feel the pressure of doing extra-role duties. The most interesting finding is that psychological security held a substantially stronger effect on reducing the negative consequences of CCB than organizational justice. For organizations and managers, the emphasis should be on preparing work environments supportive of high organizational justice and employees’ psychological security to maintain turnover intention at its lowest levels. Regarding the compatibility of the study with the Journal focus, we can mention that results will allow HR practitioners a better understanding of essential factors they have to focus in their leadership style and management efforts to reduce the financial and spiritual costs of turnover intention.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82868294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-006
S. Khan, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, D. Štreimikienė, J. Streimikis, M. A. Jatoi
This research aims to analyze the improvement of technical competencies and changes in pedagogical behavior on competency-based training and assessment. We developed a modified conceptual model with the help of previous literature. We examined the impact of competency-based training & assessment on traditional teaching methodologies, practical teaching strategies, technical knowledge, and pedagogical & technical components as outcome variables. We also incorporated behavior & psychological aspects of teachers as mediators in our modified conceptual model and examined the mediation between exogenous and endogenous variables. We have collected the data of 458 respondents using a modified structured questionnaire from public and private teachers of Sindh technical and vocational institutions online from different regions of Sindh, Pakistan. For the data analyses, we employed SEM-based multivariate techniques. The findings exhibit that the direct relationship between competency-based training & assessment (independent variable) has a significant and positive influence on traditional teaching methodologies, practical teaching strategies, technical knowledge, and pedagogical & technical components as outcome variables. Similarly, the findings further concluded that behavior & psychological aspects are potent mediators between competency-based training & assessment and traditional teaching methodologies, teaching-learning abilities, practical teaching strategies, technical knowledge, and pedagogical & technical components as outcome variables. Hence, the behavior & psychological aspects of teachers is a vital factor that accelerates the impact of competency-based training & assessment on the dependent variables. The outcomes of this research are imperative theoretical and practical implications, which may guide the direction of future researchers and policymakers of vocational training and education.
{"title":"THE COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING & ASSESSMENT, AND IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL COMPETENCIES AND CHANGES IN PEDAGOGICAL BEHAVIOR","authors":"S. Khan, Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, D. Štreimikienė, J. Streimikis, M. A. Jatoi","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-006","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the improvement of technical competencies and changes in pedagogical behavior on competency-based training and assessment. We developed a modified conceptual model with the help of previous literature. We examined the impact of competency-based training & assessment on traditional teaching methodologies, practical teaching strategies, technical knowledge, and pedagogical & technical components as outcome variables. We also incorporated behavior & psychological aspects of teachers as mediators in our modified conceptual model and examined the mediation between exogenous and endogenous variables. We have collected the data of 458 respondents using a modified structured questionnaire from public and private teachers of Sindh technical and vocational institutions online from different regions of Sindh, Pakistan. For the data analyses, we employed SEM-based multivariate techniques. The findings exhibit that the direct relationship between competency-based training & assessment (independent variable) has a significant and positive influence on traditional teaching methodologies, practical teaching strategies, technical knowledge, and pedagogical & technical components as outcome variables. Similarly, the findings further concluded that behavior & psychological aspects are potent mediators between competency-based training & assessment and traditional teaching methodologies, teaching-learning abilities, practical teaching strategies, technical knowledge, and pedagogical & technical components as outcome variables. Hence, the behavior & psychological aspects of teachers is a vital factor that accelerates the impact of competency-based training & assessment on the dependent variables. The outcomes of this research are imperative theoretical and practical implications, which may guide the direction of future researchers and policymakers of vocational training and education.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82937534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-012
M. Kostková, Pavlína Pellešová, Patrik Kajzar
The development of tourism trends significantly influences the tourist attractiveness of the destination ad increases tourist attendance. The paper presents the results of the research Tourist Trends in the Moravian Silesian Region (MSR), which focused on examining trends in accommodation and catering facilities, as a significant part of tourism services. The research area included trends and innovations in the field of services and the reaction of the offer of these services due to the change in the preferences of customers and visitors to these facilities. The main goal of the paper was to identify new trends in the offer of accommodation and catering services and to determine factors affecting repeat visit or purchase. Quantitative research using a questionnaire survey and qualitative research using structured interviews with business representatives in 2017 and 2020 was used and the results were compared. The opinions of visitors and representatives of the business on service quality indicators were compared. The dependence of service quality indicators related to repeat visits or service purchases was examined using the chi-squared test of independence. Evaluations of some service quality indicators did not confirm their dependence on repeat visits/purchases. Representatives of accommodation and catering services have a common opinion on the importance of specific indicators of service quality for repeat guest visits. The survey showed changes in the offer and quality of services of accommodation and catering companies in the Moravian Silesian Region due to changing preferences of the customers. The formulation of new trends in this part of the offer of tourism can serve as an inspiration for local entrepreneurs in the region and lead them to develop new products and introduce new services, to increase their business success and also to increase tourist attendance in the region.
{"title":"TRENDS IN THE CATERING AND ACCOMMODATION BUSINESS IN THE MORAVIAN SILESIAN REGION","authors":"M. Kostková, Pavlína Pellešová, Patrik Kajzar","doi":"10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2022-1-012","url":null,"abstract":"The development of tourism trends significantly influences the tourist attractiveness of the destination ad increases tourist attendance. The paper presents the results of the research Tourist Trends in the Moravian Silesian Region (MSR), which focused on examining trends in accommodation and catering facilities, as a significant part of tourism services. The research area included trends and innovations in the field of services and the reaction of the offer of these services due to the change in the preferences of customers and visitors to these facilities. The main goal of the paper was to identify new trends in the offer of accommodation and catering services and to determine factors affecting repeat visit or purchase. Quantitative research using a questionnaire survey and qualitative research using structured interviews with business representatives in 2017 and 2020 was used and the results were compared. The opinions of visitors and representatives of the business on service quality indicators were compared. The dependence of service quality indicators related to repeat visits or service purchases was examined using the chi-squared test of independence. Evaluations of some service quality indicators did not confirm their dependence on repeat visits/purchases. Representatives of accommodation and catering services have a common opinion on the importance of specific indicators of service quality for repeat guest visits. The survey showed changes in the offer and quality of services of accommodation and catering companies in the Moravian Silesian Region due to changing preferences of the customers. The formulation of new trends in this part of the offer of tourism can serve as an inspiration for local entrepreneurs in the region and lead them to develop new products and introduce new services, to increase their business success and also to increase tourist attendance in the region.","PeriodicalId":46351,"journal":{"name":"E & M Ekonomie a Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86030380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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