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Investigation of a Shock Freezing Concept with Additional Electromagnetic Field Exposure 附加电磁场暴露的冲击冻结概念研究
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-dlyu4l
Viktors Mironovs, Vadims Sokolovs, Vjačeslavs Zemchenkovs, Jekaterina Kuzmina, Viktorija Stankevica, Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis
Widely used to preserve foods for long-term preservation, freezing is a standard method of preserving food goods. This technique is highly energy-intensive and time-consuming. Utilising shock freezing techniques helps to accelerate the process. The current paper analyses information regarding the technology and application of shock-freezing technologies, including those utilising electromagnetic and electric fields. The results of experiments conducted using a refrigerator equipped with an electromagnetic system are reported. In order to achieve the research objectives, coils were installed in the refrigerator to induce an alternating electromagnetic field with an electromagnetic induction value of up to 0.6 mT. Preliminary experiments were carried out using sodium chloride solutions with various concentrations found in perspective frozen food products.
冷冻是保存食品的标准方法,广泛用于长期保存食品。这种技术能耗高,耗时长。利用冲击冷冻技术有助于加速这一过程。本文分析了冲击冻结技术及其应用的相关信息,包括利用电磁场和电场的冲击冻结技术。本文报道了在装有电磁系统的冰箱上进行的实验结果。为了达到研究目的,在冰箱中安装线圈,产生一个电磁感应值高达0.6 mT的交变电磁场。初步实验使用不同浓度的氯化钠溶液,在不同的冷冻食品中发现。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of Levoglucosan Production By-Products 左旋葡聚糖生产副产物的利用
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-fcpqb9
Kalvis Liepins, Aivars Zhurinsh, Galina Dobele
Biorecycling of wood includes many different processes aimed at the complete utilization of the main and by-products. The complete isolation of C5 and C6 sugars from wood and their further use is currently attracting attention worldwide. The C5 sugars can be catalytically converted directly into furfural or into monosaccharides’ aqueous solution for further hydrolytic treatment. The resulting lignocellulose can be used in thermochemical pyrolysis (350-400°C) for the synthesis of levoglucosan. The biochar formed during pyrolysis and the liquid residue after the isolation of levoglucosan are by-products and can be used as precursors to obtain valuable products – activated carbon composites for supercapacitor electrodes and catalysts in fuel cells.
木材的生物回收包括许多不同的过程,目的是完全利用主要产品和副产品。从木材中完全分离C5和C6糖及其进一步利用目前正引起全世界的关注。C5糖可直接催化转化为糠醛或单糖水溶液进行进一步水解处理。所得木质纤维素可用于热化学热解(350-400℃)合成左旋葡聚糖。热解过程中形成的生物炭和左旋葡聚糖分离后的液体残渣是副产物,可以作为前体得到有价值的产品——用于超级电容器电极和燃料电池催化剂的活性炭复合材料。
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引用次数: 0
Literature Review of Applicable Ballistic Materials for Temporary Wooden Building Envelopes 适用于临时木质建筑围护结构的弹道材料的文献综述
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-9j2ire
Elina Barone, Baiba Gaujena, Martins Vilnitis
Human security remains a topical issue, especially on the country borders where temporary houses are often used. Optimally, people should be provided with ordinary, habitable, easy-to-build, possibly portable buildings and ballistically protected. However, there is a lack of studies addressing ballistic building materials for the walls. In the scope of this study, ten ballistic materials: sand walls, concrete, steel plates, ceramic, glass fibreboards, wood (plywood, cross-laminated timber), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) boards, aramid boards, carbon fibre boards, and gypsum plasterboard are reviewed, and their wall constructions are compared. This paper aimed to analyse bulletproof materials and to nominate the best bulletproof walls according to three required aspects - price, thermal transmittance, and weight. This is a review article that could help stakeholders to choose the appropriate ballistic material for high-risk applications.
人类安全仍然是一个热门问题,特别是在经常使用临时住房的国家边界。最理想的情况是,应该为人们提供普通的、可居住的、易于建造的、可能移动的建筑,并提供弹道保护。然而,关于墙体的弹道建筑材料的研究还很缺乏。在本研究的范围内,十种弹道材料:砂墙,混凝土,钢板,陶瓷,玻璃纤维板,木材(胶合板,交叉层压木材),超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)板,芳纶板,碳纤维板,石膏板,并对它们的墙体结构进行了比较。本文旨在对防弹材料进行分析,并从价格、导热性和重量三个方面提出最佳防弹墙。这是一篇评论文章,可以帮助利益相关者为高风险应用选择合适的弹道材料。
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引用次数: 0
Manufacturing of Bioactive Biodegradable Scaffolds by Stereolithography 立体光刻技术制备生物活性生物可降解支架
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-ily5jt
Viktorya Rstakyan, Liana Mkhitaryan, Mikayel Torosyan, Zaruhi Karabekian, Gohar Sevoyan, Marina Aghayan, Miguel A. Rodríguez
In this study, we used Stereolithography to develop tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds. The feedstock for the process consisted of a UV-curable resin, synthetic tricalcium phosphate, and silicon oxide. The viscosity and curability of the resins are carefully controlled to enable the fabrication of complex-shaped scaffolds. Following stereolithography, the ceramic-resin scaffolds were heat treated. The first step was debinding process followed by a sintering step. The resulting sintered samples underwent microstructure, chemical, and mechanical analysis to assess their properties. The optimized samples were then subjected to biodegradability and cytotoxicity tests to evaluate their suitability for use as tissue engineering scaffolds.
在这项研究中,我们使用立体光刻技术来开发磷酸三钙基支架。该工艺的原料包括紫外光固化树脂、合成磷酸三钙和氧化硅。树脂的粘度和固化性被仔细控制,以使复杂形状支架的制造成为可能。在立体光刻之后,对陶瓷树脂支架进行热处理。第一步是脱脂,然后是烧结。所得到的烧结样品进行了微观结构、化学和力学分析,以评估其性能。然后对优化后的样品进行生物降解性和细胞毒性测试,以评估其作为组织工程支架的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a Performance-Based Specification Model of Combat Clothing for the Procurement Process in Estonia 为爱沙尼亚采购过程开发基于性能的作战服装规范模型
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-cbrg1j
Ada Traumann, Merje Beilmann, Teele Peets, Allan Keefe, Piret Saartok
The topic of the research article is the development of an evaluation method of an ergonomic-based test battery to evaluate the ease of use, cutting solution and materials of the combat clothing uniform of defence forces, which can be added to the procurement sample evaluation system. Evaluation of the ergonomics of the new combat clothing uniform was performed using military recruits who completed a Military Pentathlon test battery in outdoor conditions with eight different obstacles. The comfort and fit of the tested clothes were evaluated using observation and questionnaire. This process was carried out using 47 military personnel of the Estonia Defence Force battalions. Each soldier was measured manually with a tape measure to clarify clothing size and to characterize the test population. From the measurement results, test persons 14, whose measurements corresponded to the size number and height of the two sample combat clothing, were selected. With selected 14 test persons was performed testing of combat clothing outside, which were carried out on the test battery of ergonomic. Their performance evaluated by two external observers with relevant education. After completing the test battery, both, test subjects and observers individually filled the closed-ended questionnaire with a 3-point attitude scale with emoticons about the ergonomic aspects of the combat clothing. The analysis of the answers to the questionnaire showed that the opinions of both the subjects and the observers agreed. Among the 14 subjects, 11 were conscripts. This shows that if a corresponding test track has been prepared for testing the ergonomics of clothing, then giving an assessment to the clothing is understandable to the respondent. The method also facilitates the verification of clothing criteria as performance-based procurement assessment. Not a separate test battery was prepared during this study. This helps to save costs, as it does not require the construction of a specific test battery and is available to many military recruits.
本文的研究课题是开发一种基于人体工程学的测试电池的评估方法,用于评估国防军作战服制服的易用性、切割溶液和材料,可添加到采购样品评估系统中。对新作战服的人体工程学进行了评估,这些新兵在户外条件下完成了八种不同障碍物的军事五项测试。采用观察法和问卷法对被试服装的舒适度和合身度进行评价。这一过程是由爱沙尼亚国防军各营的47名军事人员执行的。每个士兵都是用卷尺手工测量的,以明确衣服尺寸和测试人群的特征。从测量结果中选择了与两件战斗服的尺寸号和高度相对应的测试人员14人。选取14名试验人员,在人体工学试验电池上对作战服进行了室外试验。他们的表现由两名受过相关教育的外部观察员评估。在完成测试后,测试对象和观察者分别填写了一份封闭的问卷,问卷的态度量表为3分,带有关于战斗服人体工程学方面的表情符号。对问卷答案的分析表明,受试者和观察者的观点都是一致的。在14名受试者中,有11名是应征入伍者。这表明,如果已经为测试服装的人体工程学准备了相应的测试轨道,那么对服装进行评估对于被调查者来说是可以理解的。该方法还有助于核查服装标准作为基于绩效的采购评估。在这项研究中没有准备单独的测试电池。这有助于节省成本,因为它不需要建造一个特定的测试电池,并且可供许多新兵使用。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Pine Resin Properties as a Way to Understand and Prevent Exudation from Wood Material 松木树脂特性分析是了解和防止木材渗出的途径
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-l0uodz
Errj Sansonetti, Dace Cirule, Edgars Kuka, Kristine Meile
A major function of resin is to provide defense against external attacks by releasing the resin flow on the attacked or damaged area. Nonetheless, the leakage of the resin on the surface can have a negative aesthetic and economic impact on wood material. The aim of this study is to investigate which treatments affect the chemo-physical properties of the resin in order to hinder the exudation on wood surface during service. To achieve a thickening of the resin, it is necessary to remove the volatile turpentine, and several studies have been carried out in this direction, providing useful information about this process. The heat treatment at different temperatures, 60°C, 100°C and 150°C, respectively, gives different mass losses, thus confirming that the turpentine can remain for long time in the resin, and the changes in structural, morphological, and chemical properties are affected by the temperature. FTIR spectroscopy, before and after thermal treatment, does not show major changes in chemical structures. However, from the samples analyzed with UHPLC-DAD-MS significant differences of the ratios of 20 compounds were observed, which characterize possible chemical reactions, such as decomposition, dehydrogenation, oxidation and isomerization. After heat treatment, the glass transition temperature of resin increased. Color changes are evident: resin becomes darker with increasing the temperature of treatment, apart from the resin heated at 100°C. The chemical changes in the composition of the resin caused by heat treatment need further investigation.
树脂的一个主要功能是通过在受攻击或受损区域释放树脂流来防御外部攻击。尽管如此,表面树脂的泄漏会对木材材料产生负面的美学和经济影响。本研究的目的是探讨哪些处理会影响树脂的化学物理性质,以阻止木材表面的渗出。为了实现树脂的增稠,必须去除挥发性松节油,并且在这个方向上进行了一些研究,提供了有关该过程的有用信息。分别在60℃、100℃和150℃的不同温度下进行热处理,得到不同的质量损失,从而证实松节油可以在树脂中长时间保留,其结构、形态和化学性质的变化都受到温度的影响。热处理前后的FTIR光谱显示化学结构没有大的变化。然而,在UHPLC-DAD-MS分析的样品中,观察到20种化合物的比例存在显著差异,这些化合物表征了可能的化学反应,如分解、脱氢、氧化和异构化。热处理后树脂的玻璃化转变温度升高。颜色变化是明显的:树脂随着处理温度的升高而变深,除了树脂在100°C加热。热处理引起的树脂成分的化学变化有待进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
A Promising Approach to Solid-State Hydrogen Storage: Mechanical Nanostructuring Synthesis of Magnesium by High Pressure Torsion Extrusion 一种有前途的固态储氢方法:高压扭挤压机械纳米结构合成镁
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.4028/p-4ccboq
Babak Omranpour Shahreza, Fjodor Sergejev, Julia Ivanisenko, Jacques Huot
This article presents an investigation into the impact of High Pressure Torsion Extrusion (HPTE) on the microstructural features, hardness and hydrogen storage, focusing on pure magnesium. HPTE is a modern mechanical nanostructuring technique that can refine the microstructural properties and subsequently affects the mechanical and functional properties of the materials. Two HPTE regimes were used in this study: (1) Direct Extrusion without rotation (DE), and (2) an extrusion speed of 6 mm/min along with a rotational speed of 1.8 rpm (v6w1.8). One sample in as-received conditions was also tested as a reference. Results showed increased hardness in the material after HPTE processing, with the DE sample reaching 60 HRB and the v6w1.8 sample exhibiting a gradient distribution of hardness from 71 to 83 HRB. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed significant microstructural refinement in the v6w1.8 sample. Results of hydrogenation kinetics showed that the DE sample absorbed up to 1.2 wt.% of hydrogen, while the v6w1.8 sample displayed 7.2 wt.% of hydrogen absorption, approaching the theoretical hydrogen storage capacity for magnesium (7.6 wt.%). These findings highlight the positive effects of HPTE on microstructural refinement and hydrogen storage, showcasing its potential for advancements in materials science and hydrogen-based energy technologies.
本文以纯镁为研究对象,研究了高压扭转挤压(HPTE)对镁合金显微组织、硬度和储氢量的影响。HPTE是一种现代机械纳米结构技术,它可以细化材料的微观结构性能,从而影响材料的力学和功能性能。本研究中使用了两种HPTE方案:(1)无旋转直接挤出(DE),(2)挤出速度为6 mm/min,转速为1.8 rpm (v6w1.8)。在收到的条件下,还测试了一个样品作为参考。结果表明,经过HPTE处理后,材料的硬度有所提高,DE样品硬度达到60 HRB, v6w1.8样品硬度呈71 ~ 83 HRB的梯度分布。x射线衍射分析显示v6w1.8样品的显微组织有明显的细化。氢化动力学结果表明,DE样品的氢吸收率高达1.2 wt.%,而v6w1.8样品的氢吸收率为7.2 wt.%,接近镁的理论储氢量(7.6 wt.%)。这些发现突出了HPTE在微观结构细化和氢储存方面的积极作用,展示了它在材料科学和氢基能源技术方面的进步潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Results of Mathematical Modeling of Evaporation Process the Drops of Sulfuric Acid in the Gas Flow 气体流中硫酸滴蒸发过程的数学建模结果
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.12913/22998624/170995
Uliana Khimka, Andriy Helesh, Roksoliana Bukliv, Mariusz Śniadkowski
The processes of concentration of dilute solutions of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), in particular hydrolytic sulfuric acid for the production of pigment titanium (IV) oxide, were analyzed. It is proposed to concentrate solutions of Н 2 SO 4 by evaporation in direct contact of acid droplets with hot industrial exhaust gases. The mathematical model of the evap-oration of Н 2 SO 4 drops in a hot gas stream, which used for the calculations, makes it possible to calculate the mass, temperature, velocity, and coordinates of the drop at any time with sufficient accuracy. However, the calculations are difficult, cumbersome and require multiple processing of large data sets. Therefore, the aim of the article was to approximate the calculated technological parameters of sulfuric acid droplet evaporation by obtaining simple mathematical dependencies. The mathematical dependences of the mass transfer coefficient and the distance traveled by a drop of Н 2 SO 4 during evaporation on air temperature and drop diameter were obtained. It has been established that technologically expedient evaporation of Н 2 SO 4 drops with a diameter of ≤ 0.5·10 -3 m in traditional devices leads to significant droplet loss, increased corrosion of equipment, etc. So, in order to practically implement the technol - ogy of evaporation of HSA solutions with industrial exhaust gases, it is necessary to change the technological mode of operation of the evaporator and the design of the main device. It is proposed to use the obtained results to study the methods of intensification of the evaporation process, selecting a modern mass transfer apparatus, developing a technology for utilizing hydrolytic sulfuric acid and producing pigment titanium (IV) oxide.
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引用次数: 0
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 1106 /AISI 1045 Steels Drawn Arc Stud Welded Joints AISI 1106 /AISI 1045钢拉丝螺柱焊接接头的组织与力学性能
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.12913/22998624/171020
Samer Jasim Mahmood Algodi, Abdulhakeem Amer Salman, Ali H. Al-helli
{"title":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 1106 /AISI 1045 Steels Drawn Arc Stud Welded Joints","authors":"Samer Jasim Mahmood Algodi, Abdulhakeem Amer Salman, Ali H. Al-helli","doi":"10.12913/22998624/171020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/171020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46357,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology-Research Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A New Effective Algorithm for Mechanical Assembly Sequence Planning 机械装配序列规划的一种新的有效算法
Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.12913/22998624/171271
Michał Sąsiadek, Maciej Niedziela, Waldemar Woźniak, Tomasz Jachowicz, Nikoleta Mikušová
This paper presents a new approach for searching the most favourable mechanical assembly sequence. The proposed method is described and its basic modules are presented. The concept is based on the assumption that the method should help the engineer in specifying the best assembly sequence with the short possible time calculation, taking into account the principles of design for assembly at an early stage of development of the product design. The algorithm for generating an accurate assembly sequence was described in detail and its application on real-life example was presented.
{"title":"A New Effective Algorithm for Mechanical Assembly Sequence Planning","authors":"Michał Sąsiadek, Maciej Niedziela, Waldemar Woźniak, Tomasz Jachowicz, Nikoleta Mikušová","doi":"10.12913/22998624/171271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/171271","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for searching the most favourable mechanical assembly sequence. The proposed method is described and its basic modules are presented. The concept is based on the assumption that the method should help the engineer in specifying the best assembly sequence with the short possible time calculation, taking into account the principles of design for assembly at an early stage of development of the product design. The algorithm for generating an accurate assembly sequence was described in detail and its application on real-life example was presented.","PeriodicalId":46357,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology-Research Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135619158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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