brief mention of the shape of the orchestra of the Theater of Dionysus in Athens in note 103 on page 20 [one might add, e.g., H. R. Goette, “An Archaeological Appendix,” in P. Wilson (ed.), The Greek Theatre and Festivals: Documentary Studies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013, 116–121)]. The operations of the Delphic oracle (e.g., its “consultation day” or “regular operations”) are repeatedly referred to (124n5–7, 143n82–85, and 180n334), but not more fully explained until later in the line-by-line commentary (190n421). For those unfamiliar with these operations, an earlier explanation or cross-references to the later explanation might have been helpful. The use of the term “privileged” to describe any form of slavery—as on page 237: “[t]he former is an idealization (from the master’s point of view) that may correspond fairly well to reality in the case of nurses and tutors, privileged slaves who care for the master’s children,” referencing K. Synodinou, On the concept of slavery in Euripides (Ioannina: Ioannina University Press, 1977), and D. J. Mastronarde, Euripides Medea (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 174n54)—is problematic as it can mislead naïve readers about the harsh realities of ancient slavery, particularly in the household. Gibert does, however, appear to acknowledge these harsh realities elsewhere (e.g., in mention of the “sexual availability of slaves” to their masters, 248n819–822). I noted only a few very minor typographical irregularities in the bibliography (sometimes a journal article citation was followed by a period and sometimes not: e.g., on pages 361–362) and Greek index (e.g., in the entries from εἰσπίπτειν to θυμέλη on page 374, the font used for the Greek is frequently used for page numbers as well). Despite these criticisms, this commentary fully deserves to join the ranks of Mastronarde’s 2002 Medea and L. Battezzato’s 2018 Hecuba (to name just two outstanding Euripidean examples in the Cambridge ‘Green and Yellow’ series) and be assigned to undergraduate and graduate students as well as treasured by more advanced scholars for years to come.
{"title":"Round Trip to Hades in the Eastern Mediterranean Tradition: Visits to the Underworld from Antiquity to Byzantium ed. by Gunnel Ekroth and Ingela Nilsson (review)","authors":"M. Skempis","doi":"10.1353/clw.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"brief mention of the shape of the orchestra of the Theater of Dionysus in Athens in note 103 on page 20 [one might add, e.g., H. R. Goette, “An Archaeological Appendix,” in P. Wilson (ed.), The Greek Theatre and Festivals: Documentary Studies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013, 116–121)]. The operations of the Delphic oracle (e.g., its “consultation day” or “regular operations”) are repeatedly referred to (124n5–7, 143n82–85, and 180n334), but not more fully explained until later in the line-by-line commentary (190n421). For those unfamiliar with these operations, an earlier explanation or cross-references to the later explanation might have been helpful. The use of the term “privileged” to describe any form of slavery—as on page 237: “[t]he former is an idealization (from the master’s point of view) that may correspond fairly well to reality in the case of nurses and tutors, privileged slaves who care for the master’s children,” referencing K. Synodinou, On the concept of slavery in Euripides (Ioannina: Ioannina University Press, 1977), and D. J. Mastronarde, Euripides Medea (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002, 174n54)—is problematic as it can mislead naïve readers about the harsh realities of ancient slavery, particularly in the household. Gibert does, however, appear to acknowledge these harsh realities elsewhere (e.g., in mention of the “sexual availability of slaves” to their masters, 248n819–822). I noted only a few very minor typographical irregularities in the bibliography (sometimes a journal article citation was followed by a period and sometimes not: e.g., on pages 361–362) and Greek index (e.g., in the entries from εἰσπίπτειν to θυμέλη on page 374, the font used for the Greek is frequently used for page numbers as well). Despite these criticisms, this commentary fully deserves to join the ranks of Mastronarde’s 2002 Medea and L. Battezzato’s 2018 Hecuba (to name just two outstanding Euripidean examples in the Cambridge ‘Green and Yellow’ series) and be assigned to undergraduate and graduate students as well as treasured by more advanced scholars for years to come.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"206 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43737296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:In this paper I explore some philosophical underpinnings of perfect virtue in Simonides’ Ode to Scopas, an ideal which Socrates discusses in Plato’s Protagoras. In the first place, I argue that Socrates is right in identifying in the Simonidean poem a distinction between “being virtuous” and “becoming virtuous.” Then, I contend that Simonides’ perfectly virtuous man conveys not only an idea of moral rigour but also adaptability to different circumstances. Finally, I stress the precarious nature of perfect excellence in Simonides’ thought and conclude that Plato means to underscore its philosophical relevance as a model of supreme ethical virtue.
{"title":"Perfect Virtue in Simonides’ Ode to Scopas: Exploring Some Philosophical Underpinnings of the Tetragōnos Man","authors":"Elena Irrera","doi":"10.1353/clw.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In this paper I explore some philosophical underpinnings of perfect virtue in Simonides’ Ode to Scopas, an ideal which Socrates discusses in Plato’s Protagoras. In the first place, I argue that Socrates is right in identifying in the Simonidean poem a distinction between “being virtuous” and “becoming virtuous.” Then, I contend that Simonides’ perfectly virtuous man conveys not only an idea of moral rigour but also adaptability to different circumstances. Finally, I stress the precarious nature of perfect excellence in Simonides’ thought and conclude that Plato means to underscore its philosophical relevance as a model of supreme ethical virtue.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"131 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43825305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Although Gaius Julius Victor has attracted scholarly attention due to his inclusion of letter-writing in his fourth-century rhetorical manual, his peculiar notion of sermocinatio or “impersonation” has gone largely unnoticed. Set against the backdrop of earlier accounts of sermocinatio as a technique of the grand style—including accounts in Quintilian and Cicero—Julius Victor presents impersonation as a method of subtle eloquence most germane to plain-style rubrics. Given Julius Victor’s coupling of sermocinatio and letter-writing, too, his manual suggests that the ascending importance of writing tracks this stylistic reorientation, anticipating our own era’s evolving media and techniques for impersonating others.
{"title":"Fourth-Century Fakes","authors":"Charles Mcnamara","doi":"10.1353/clw.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Although Gaius Julius Victor has attracted scholarly attention due to his inclusion of letter-writing in his fourth-century rhetorical manual, his peculiar notion of sermocinatio or “impersonation” has gone largely unnoticed. Set against the backdrop of earlier accounts of sermocinatio as a technique of the grand style—including accounts in Quintilian and Cicero—Julius Victor presents impersonation as a method of subtle eloquence most germane to plain-style rubrics. Given Julius Victor’s coupling of sermocinatio and letter-writing, too, his manual suggests that the ascending importance of writing tracks this stylistic reorientation, anticipating our own era’s evolving media and techniques for impersonating others.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"179 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47216918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Euripides’ Iphigenia among the Taurians is surprisingly vague about the intentions of both Artemis and the Furies, despite their centrality to the plot. This paper argues (against most scholarship) that Euripides’ Artemis condones human sacrifice, though the Greek characters do not realize this, and the poet uses the story of Iphigenia to examine the social repercussions of a conflict between divine and mortal valuations of human life. As others have seen, the cult to be founded at Halae resolves this particular conflict—but without explaining how Orestes is saved from the Furies, which is only achieved through his voluntary submission to be killed.
{"title":"Artemis and the Furies in Euripides’ Iphigenia among the Taurians","authors":"Jennifer S. Starkey","doi":"10.1353/clw.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Euripides’ Iphigenia among the Taurians is surprisingly vague about the intentions of both Artemis and the Furies, despite their centrality to the plot. This paper argues (against most scholarship) that Euripides’ Artemis condones human sacrifice, though the Greek characters do not realize this, and the poet uses the story of Iphigenia to examine the social repercussions of a conflict between divine and mortal valuations of human life. As others have seen, the cult to be founded at Halae resolves this particular conflict—but without explaining how Orestes is saved from the Furies, which is only achieved through his voluntary submission to be killed.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"103 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42498371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Early in Tiberius’ reign, the Tiber flooded the city of Rome. Asinius Gallus proposed that it be treated as a prodigy and the Sibylline Books consulted, but Tiberius rejected his request. This paper examines Gallus’ proposal and Tiberius’ response. It argues that, contrary to the views of many scholars, Gallus was not attempting to undermine the new emperor but rather to support him. Through this incident, the paper explores prodigy reports in the early Roman Empire, as well as the relationship between Gallus and Tiberius.
{"title":"Tiberius, Asinius Gallus, and the Tiber Floods of 15 ce","authors":"S. Satterfield","doi":"10.1353/clw.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Early in Tiberius’ reign, the Tiber flooded the city of Rome. Asinius Gallus proposed that it be treated as a prodigy and the Sibylline Books consulted, but Tiberius rejected his request. This paper examines Gallus’ proposal and Tiberius’ response. It argues that, contrary to the views of many scholars, Gallus was not attempting to undermine the new emperor but rather to support him. Through this incident, the paper explores prodigy reports in the early Roman Empire, as well as the relationship between Gallus and Tiberius.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"157 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48605652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Euripides Ion by J. C. Gibert (review)","authors":"S. Oppen","doi":"10.1353/clw.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"205 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47974606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I wonder sometimes ", writes Professor Kathleen Lever in the fi al sentence of her recent book1, " if we are right in hoping that we can revive Aristophanes; perhaps we should hope Aristophanes can revive us." Certainly the times seem unpro pitious, both in the world at large and more especially in what Timon the Sceptic called the scholar's cloistered bird-coop, for an uninhibited enjoyment of the master's unique combination of literary parody and ribald wit. We look back nostalgically to the halcyon days of Benjamin Bickley Rogers at the turn of the century, when the polymath could afford to be genial and even occasionally inexact; nowadays we shake our heads crossly at such effervescence, and smugly point to the textual gaffe at line so-and-so of Ecclesiazusae. We are all so busy pondering our social function, meticulously filling the gaps of scholarship Uke the car-park attendants at Leopardstown, that the scholar with the belly-laugh is all but extinct. What, one wonders, would have been Rogers' reaction to that significant work of a Miss Kathryn S. Bennett entitled The Motivation of Exits in Greek and Latin Comedy ?
{"title":"The Art of Greek Comedy","authors":"K. Dover, K. Lever","doi":"10.2307/4344015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/4344015","url":null,"abstract":"I wonder sometimes \", writes Professor Kathleen Lever in the fi al sentence of her recent book1, \" if we are right in hoping that we can revive Aristophanes; perhaps we should hope Aristophanes can revive us.\" Certainly the times seem unpro pitious, both in the world at large and more especially in what Timon the Sceptic called the scholar's cloistered bird-coop, for an uninhibited enjoyment of the master's unique combination of literary parody and ribald wit. We look back nostalgically to the halcyon days of Benjamin Bickley Rogers at the turn of the century, when the polymath could afford to be genial and even occasionally inexact; nowadays we shake our heads crossly at such effervescence, and smugly point to the textual gaffe at line so-and-so of Ecclesiazusae. We are all so busy pondering our social function, meticulously filling the gaps of scholarship Uke the car-park attendants at Leopardstown, that the scholar with the belly-laugh is all but extinct. What, one wonders, would have been Rogers' reaction to that significant work of a Miss Kathryn S. Bennett entitled The Motivation of Exits in Greek and Latin Comedy ?","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"51 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/4344015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44766855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:The purpose of this article is to explore how Ovid shapes his story of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus (Met. 4.285–388) through a series of allusions to some passages of the Aeneid and the Georgics. Indeed, in the story in question, the transforming of gender roles features as a metaphor for Ovid's processes of aemulatio. The construction of Salmacis as a dominant female relates to the poetic "brotherhood" of Ovid and Vergil, for Ovid creates his character by readapting some aspects of his epic model within a reversal of traditional gender patterns.
{"title":"\"Happy the Brother, Blessed the Sister\" (Met. 4.323–324): Ovid's Gendered Allusiveness in Metamorphoses 4","authors":"Eleonora Tola","doi":"10.1353/clw.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The purpose of this article is to explore how Ovid shapes his story of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus (Met. 4.285–388) through a series of allusions to some passages of the Aeneid and the Georgics. Indeed, in the story in question, the transforming of gender roles features as a metaphor for Ovid's processes of aemulatio. The construction of Salmacis as a dominant female relates to the poetic \"brotherhood\" of Ovid and Vergil, for Ovid creates his character by readapting some aspects of his epic model within a reversal of traditional gender patterns.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"51 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45607942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Philosophical Stage. Drama and Dialectic in Classical Athens by Joshua Billings (review)","authors":"A. Novokhatko","doi":"10.1353/clw.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"93 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46057923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Classics, along with other subjects in the Humanities, is under threat in American universities because of declining enrollments. Some of the drop can be blamed on the current emphasis on STEM as students' best option to secure their future. There is generally, though, a major demographic shift: there are simply few college-age (18-25) students than there once were. This article uses ideas captured from Cicero's de Senectute to suggest that college humanities departments create programs for retirees and senior citizens that could leverage the much larger numbers of this demographic group to bolster enrollments while enriching all students' learning experience.
{"title":"De Senectute: Cicero's Advice on Saving Classics Departments","authors":"J. Moss","doi":"10.1353/clw.2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Classics, along with other subjects in the Humanities, is under threat in American universities because of declining enrollments. Some of the drop can be blamed on the current emphasis on STEM as students' best option to secure their future. There is generally, though, a major demographic shift: there are simply few college-age (18-25) students than there once were. This article uses ideas captured from Cicero's de Senectute to suggest that college humanities departments create programs for retirees and senior citizens that could leverage the much larger numbers of this demographic group to bolster enrollments while enriching all students' learning experience.","PeriodicalId":46369,"journal":{"name":"CLASSICAL WORLD","volume":"115 1","pages":"81 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45067770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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