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Who were the losers and winners during the Covid-19 pandemic? The rise of remote working in suburban areas 在新冠肺炎大流行期间,谁是失败者和赢家?郊区远程工作的兴起
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2139194
I. Mariotti, Dante Di Matteo, Federica Rossi
ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic has rapidly altered the habits and lifestyles of every citizen worldwide and will have effects in the medium to long terms. The need for ‘social distancing’ has negatively affected urban areas and encouraged a rescheduling of working methods. Knowledge-intensive activities have been massively undertaken on a large scale in remote working, mainly carried out at home. Within this context, the paper explores the changes in working modalities towards remote working by focusing on the Lombardy region in north-west Italy. Specifically, it explores the renewed suitability of the municipalities outside the regional capital city of Milan with regard to remote workers during the pandemic and compares it with the period before the pandemic, and also it analyses which determinants play a role. The results show that municipalities closer to Milan with a strong broadband connection, a high concentration of knowledge workers and foreign immigrants are more suitable for hosting remote workers.
摘要新冠肺炎大流行迅速改变了世界各地每个公民的习惯和生活方式,并将在中长期产生影响。“保持社交距离”的必要性对城市地区产生了负面影响,并鼓励重新安排工作方法。知识密集型活动在远程工作中大规模开展,主要在家中进行。在此背景下,本文以意大利西北部的伦巴第大区为重点,探讨了远程工作方式的变化。具体而言,它探讨了地区首府米兰以外的城市在疫情期间对远程工作者的重新适合性,并将其与疫情前进行了比较,还分析了哪些决定因素发挥了作用。结果表明,距离米兰较近、宽带连接较强、知识工作者和外国移民高度集中的城市更适合接待远程工作者。
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引用次数: 5
The development of internal migration flow patterns in Japan 日本内部移民流动模式的发展
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2137427
Kaoru Kakinuma, Guy J. Abel
ABSTRACT Population decline is expected to continue to be a prominent feature of Japanese demography in future decades. Internal migration plays a significant role in dictating the intensity of population decline at the regional level. In this paper we visualize inter-prefecture internal migration flows between the eight regions of Japan in 2020 using a chord diagram to show the relative scales of the origin–destination migration flows between each region. In addition, we use an animated series of chord diagrams to show the development of internal migration between 1954 and 2020. We fix the axis of the sectors of the chord diagram in the animation to illustrate the rapid growth and then slow decline (post-1972) in the regional migration system, as well as the interruption in the movement patterns during 2011, due to the Great East Japan Earthquake.
人口下降预计将在未来几十年继续成为日本人口统计的一个突出特征。国内移民在决定区域一级人口下降的强度方面发挥着重要作用。在本文中,我们使用弦图可视化了2020年日本八个地区之间的县际内部移民流动,以显示每个地区之间的起点-终点移民流动的相对规模。此外,我们还使用了一系列和弦图来展示1954年至2020年间内部迁移的发展。我们在动画中固定了弦图的扇形轴,以说明区域移民系统的快速增长和缓慢下降(1972年后),以及2011年由于东日本大地震而中断的运动模式。
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引用次数: 0
Using digital footprint data to monitor human mobility and support rapid humanitarian responses 利用数字足迹数据监测人员流动并支持快速人道主义反应
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2135458
Francisco Rowe
ABSTRACT Global warming is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events leading to an increased risk of large-scale population displacements. Since June 2022, Pakistan has recorded destructive flash flooding resulting from melting glaciers and torrential monsoon rainfall. Emergency responses have documented flood-related deaths, injuries and damaged infrastructure – less is known about population displacements resulting from recent floods. Information about these populations and mobility is critical to ensure the appropriate delivery of humanitarian assistance where it is most needed. Lack of granular spatial data in real time has been a key barrier. This article uses digital footprint data from Meta Facebook to identify the patterns of population displacement in Pakistan in near-real time.
摘要全球变暖正在增加极端天气事件的频率,导致大规模人口流离失所的风险增加。自2022年6月以来,巴基斯坦记录了冰川融化和季风暴雨造成的破坏性山洪暴发。应急响应记录了与洪水有关的死亡、受伤和基础设施受损,但对最近洪水导致的人口流离失所知之甚少。关于这些人口和流动性的信息对于确保在最需要的地方适当提供人道主义援助至关重要。缺乏实时的细粒度空间数据一直是一个关键障碍。本文使用Meta Facebook的数字足迹数据来近实时识别巴基斯坦人口流离失所的模式。
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引用次数: 2
Regional expansion of the beef industry in Brazil: from the coast to the Amazon, 1966–2017 巴西牛肉产业的区域扩张:从沿海到亚马逊,1966-2017
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2130088
R. Vale, P. Vale, H. Gibbs, Daniel Pedrón, Jens Engelmann, Ritaumaria Pereira, P. Barreto
ABSTRACT A regional approach to the study of Brazil’s beef industry is increasingly relevant as deforestation takes centre stage in policy debates worldwide. To what extent has beef production expanded toward regions hosting sensitive ecosystems such as the Amazon? Important data limitations remain to answer this question, especially regarding slaughterhouses, fundamental to the beef supply chain. This paper addresses the data gap on slaughterhouse location and history and provides novel regional analysis. We map the beef industry’s evolution into Brazil’s interior over the last six decades and quantify changes in market concentration between 2006 and 2016. To accomplish this, we triangulated across fiscal and animal sanitation data sources to produce the first longitudinal dataset with information on the opening and closing dates, locations, and production volumes of 2602 slaughterhouses. We show the linear movement of slaughterhouses and cattle herds to the Amazon by tracking their geographical centres of gravity. We also show the clustering pattern of slaughterhouses. Until the 1960s, all the geographical clusters were located south of the capital, Brasília. By the early 2000s, clusters north of Brasília were almost as extensive. Finally, we assessed the degree of market power that the largest beef-processing companies possess. The results indicate that market concentration increased in regions of more recent settlement further away from the coast, and that it remained relatively stable in states near the coast (Minas Gerais, São Paulo). The results shed light on the relationship between displacement toward the Amazon and Cerrado regions and economic concentration.
随着森林砍伐在全球政策辩论中占据中心位置,研究巴西牛肉产业的区域方法变得越来越重要。牛肉生产在多大程度上向亚马逊等生态系统敏感的地区扩张?重要的数据限制仍然无法回答这个问题,特别是关于屠宰场,牛肉供应链的基础。本文解决了屠宰场位置和历史上的数据差距,并提供了新的区域分析。我们绘制了过去60年巴西内陆牛肉产业的演变图,并量化了2006年至2016年间市场集中度的变化。为了实现这一目标,我们对财政和动物卫生数据源进行了三角测量,生成了第一个纵向数据集,其中包含有关2602家屠宰场开业和关闭日期、地点和产量的信息。我们通过追踪它们的地理重心来展示屠宰场和牛群向亚马逊的线性运动。我们还展示了屠宰场的集群模式。直到20世纪60年代,所有的地理集群都位于首都Brasília的南部。到21世纪初,Brasília以北的集群几乎同样广泛。最后,我们评估了最大的牛肉加工公司所拥有的市场力量程度。结果表明,市场集中度在远离海岸的最近定居地区有所增加,而在靠近海岸的州(米纳斯吉拉斯州,圣保罗州)保持相对稳定。研究结果揭示了向亚马逊和塞拉多地区迁移与经济集中度之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Emergence of new industries in peripheral regions: the role of narratives in delegitimation of onshore wind in the Arctic Finnmark region 周边地区新产业的出现:北极芬兰地区陆上风电合法化叙事的作用
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2122863
T. Nilsen, Rune Njøs
ABSTRACT This paper discusses how narratives influence the legitimation of new industries in peripheral regions. We contribute to the literature a discussion of the emergence of green industries in peripheral regions, but particularly to the emerging debate in evolutionary economic geography on the role of legitimation in the emergence of new industries. Based on an empirical investigation of narratives regarding onshore wind in the Finnmark region in northernmost Norway, we caution against the focus in the literature on ‘successful’ legitimation, arguing that to better comprehend how new green industries emerge in regions there is a need also to understand delegitimation of new industrial activities and to investigate unsuccessful path creation processes, not only paths that have come into being and where legitimation has been ‘achieved’. Following from this we argue that our study on how representations (i.e., narratives) of emerging paths are linked to observable outcomes (e.g., delegitimation) teases out the need for further investigation of power relations, a topic that has received very little interest in research on regional industrial path development.
本文讨论了叙事如何影响周边地区新产业的合法化。我们对文献中关于外围地区绿色产业出现的讨论做出了贡献,但特别是对进化经济地理学中关于合法化在新产业出现中的作用的新兴辩论做出了贡献。基于对挪威最北部芬马克地区陆上风电叙事的实证调查,我们警告不要将文献中的重点放在“成功”的合法化上,认为,为了更好地理解新的绿色产业是如何在地区出现的,还需要了解新的工业活动的非法性,并调查不成功的路径创建过程,而不仅仅是已经形成的路径和合法性在哪里“实现”。在此之后,我们认为,我们对新兴路径的表征(即叙事)如何与可观察的结果(例如,剥夺合法性)联系起来的研究,引出了对权力关系进行进一步调查的必要性,而这一主题在区域产业路径发展研究中几乎没有受到关注。
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引用次数: 2
Developing neighbourhood typologies and understanding urban inequality: a data-driven approach 发展邻里类型学和理解城市不平等:一种数据驱动的方法
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2132180
Halfdan Lynge, J. Visagie, Andreas Scheba, I. Turok, David Everatt, C. Abrahams
ABSTRACT Neighbourhoods affect people’s livelihoods, and therefore drive and mediate intra-urban inequalities and transformations. While the neighbourhood has long been recognized as an important unit of analysis, there is surprisingly little systematic research on different neighbourhood types, especially in the fast-growing cities of the Global South. In this paper we employ k-means clustering, a common machine-learning algorithm, to develop a neighbourhood typology for South Africa’s eight largest cities. Using census data, we identify and describe eight neighbourhood types, each with distinct demographic, socio-economic, structural and infrastructural characteristics. This is followed by a relational comparison of the neighbourhood types along key variables, where we demonstrate the persistent and multi-dimensional nature of residential inequalities. In addition to shedding new light on the internal structure of South African cities, the paper makes an important contribution by applying an inductive, data-driven approach to developing neighbourhood typologies that advances a more sophisticated and nuanced understanding of cities in the Global South.
社区影响着人们的生计,因此推动和调解城市内部的不平等和转型。虽然社区长期以来一直被认为是一个重要的分析单位,但令人惊讶的是,对不同社区类型的系统研究很少,尤其是在全球南方快速发展的城市。在本文中,我们采用k-means聚类(一种常见的机器学习算法)来开发南非八个最大城市的社区类型。利用人口普查数据,我们确定并描述了八种社区类型,每种类型都具有独特的人口、社会经济、结构和基础设施特征。接下来是围绕关键变量的邻里类型的关系比较,在这里我们展示了住宅不平等的持久和多维性。除了为南非城市的内部结构提供新的视角外,该论文还通过应用归纳、数据驱动的方法来开发社区类型学,从而促进对全球南方城市更复杂和细致入微的理解,从而做出了重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Visualizing internal and international migration in the Spanish provinces during the COVID-19 pandemic 在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,西班牙各省的国内和国际移民可视化
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2125824
Miguel González‐Leonardo, Francisco Rowe
ABSTRACT Drawing on register records from 2019 to 2021, we analyse the impact of COVID-19 on internal and international migration across the 50 Spanish provinces (NUTS-3 regions). Our results show that net-international migration declined in all the provinces during the pandemic, particularly in high-population-density areas. Certain depopulated provinces registered significant positive net-internal migration rates, while the most populous areas displayed population losses through internal migration. Generally, the total migration balance decreased in most provinces, primarily driven by the drop in international migration. Changes in internal and international migration persisted over time, although patterns tended to converge to pre-pandemic levels in late 2021.
摘要根据2019年至2021年的登记记录,我们分析了新冠肺炎对西班牙50个省(NUTS-3地区)国内和国际移民的影响。我们的研究结果显示,在疫情期间,所有省份的国际净移民都有所下降,特别是在人口密度高的地区。某些人口减少的省份的内部净移民率显著为正,而人口最多的地区则因内部移民而出现人口损失。总体而言,大多数省份的总移民平衡有所下降,主要是受国际移民下降的推动。随着时间的推移,国内和国际移民的变化持续存在,尽管模式在2021年末趋于趋同到疫情前的水平。
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引用次数: 6
Setting the course for future diversification: the development of a regional transformation strategy in a German lignite mining region 确定未来多样化的方向:德国褐煤矿区区域转型战略的发展
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2120413
Moritz Breul
ABSTRACT Regions throughout the world are confronted with the challenge of restructuring their economies when existing growth paths decline. In regional strategies, directions are defined into which their economies shall be developed, thereby constituting a crucial moment for setting the course for future diversification. While considerable progress has been made in retrospectively understanding regional industrial path developments once these have emerged successfully, little attention has been paid to the processes by which regions develop strategies for future diversification. This article argues that in order to understand why a region aims to develop certain economic areas rather than others, this has to be seen in the context of the policymaking process. Based on a case study of the German lignite mining region ‘Rheinisches Revier’, the paper explores the role played by the configuration of regional policymaking processes, in which regions develop strategies, for the direction of these strategies. The findings highlight that regional strategies have to be understood as the product of a region-specific multi-actor process whose configuration affects the policy outcomes.
摘要当现有的增长路径出现衰退时,世界各地都面临着重组经济的挑战。在区域战略中,确定了其经济发展的方向,从而构成了制定未来多样化路线的关键时刻。虽然一旦成功出现,在回顾性地理解区域产业路径发展方面已经取得了相当大的进展,但很少关注区域制定未来多样化战略的过程。这篇文章认为,为了理解为什么一个地区的目标是发展某些经济领域,而不是其他经济领域,必须从政策制定过程的角度来看待这一点。基于对德国褐煤开采区“Rheinisches Revier”的案例研究,本文探讨了区域决策过程的配置所起的作用,在这些过程中,区域制定战略,以指导这些战略。研究结果强调,区域战略必须被理解为特定区域的多参与者过程的产物,其配置影响政策结果。
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引用次数: 2
Regional inequalities as drivers of affective polarization 区域不平等是情感两极分化的驱动因素
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2117077
L. Bettarelli, Emilie van Haute
ABSTRACT This paper investigates divergences in levels of affective polarization across Belgian regions around the 2019 elections. Elaborating on the relative deprivation theory, we analyse the role of current and long-term socio-economic regional inequalities and of geographical distance separating regions. Empirically, we aggregate individual-level measures of affective polarization at the Belgian NUTS-3 level and use a gravity approach to explore the determinants of regional divergences. Our results show that regional variations in affective polarization are best explained by a current rural–urban divide and by how regions have performed economically in the last years. We also show that geographical proximity matters and reinforces the effects of economic deprivation.
摘要本文调查了2019年大选前后比利时各地区情感两极分化程度的差异。在阐述相对剥夺理论的基础上,我们分析了当前和长期的社会经济区域不平等以及地理距离分隔区域的作用。根据经验,我们在比利时NUTS-3水平上汇总了情感两极分化的个体水平测量,并使用重力方法来探索区域差异的决定因素。我们的研究结果表明,情感两极分化的区域差异最好用当前的城乡差距以及过去几年各地区的经济表现来解释。我们还表明,地理邻近很重要,并加剧了经济匮乏的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Unemployment and entrepreneurship across high-, middle- and low-performing European regions 欧洲高、中、低表现地区的失业率和企业家精神
IF 1.9 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2118072
Daragh O’Leary
ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment. Using Eurostat business demography data, a strongly balanced panel model pertaining to 148 European regions from 2008 to 2017 is assembled and a fixed effects regression technique is used to analyse the relationship between net business population growth and lagged unemployment. Results from the analysis show evidence of a negative relationship. However, when we stratify regions based on their economic performance, we find that this relationship is positive in higher performing regions and negative in lower performing regions, suggesting that push-factor or necessity-based entrepreneurship may be more prevalent in leading rather than lagging regions. Implications for policy are discussed. Results for the influence of industrial concentration and variety on entrepreneurship are also obtained.
本文考察了创业与失业之间的关系。利用欧盟统计局的商业人口统计数据,组装了一个涉及2008年至2017年148个欧洲地区的强平衡面板模型,并使用固定效应回归技术分析了净商业人口增长与滞后失业之间的关系。分析结果显示出负相关的证据。然而,当我们根据经济表现对地区进行分层时,我们发现这种关系在表现较好的地区为正,在表现较差的地区为负,这表明推动因素或基于必要性的创业可能在领先地区而不是落后地区更为普遍。对政策的影响进行了讨论。得到了产业集中度和产业品种对企业家精神的影响结果。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Regional Studies Regional Science
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