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Intrapreneurship and regional development in the South East of Ireland 爱尔兰东南部的内部创业和区域发展
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2111269
Chris van Egeraat, Declan Curran
ABSTRACT Intrapreneurship is known to play an important role in enhancing innovation and competitiveness within firms. However, there remains a dearth of literature on the workings of intrapreneurship at the regional level. Based on a qualitative analysis of intrapreneurship in the South East Region of Ireland, this paper explores the link between intrapreneurship and regional development. It makes several contributions that further the understanding of intrapreneurship at the regional level: (1) we detail the manner in which intrapreneurship emerges in distinct corporate contexts; (2) we identify the main barriers and challenges to intrapreneurship in these different contexts; and (3) we provide evidence that sets out the relative importance of the two key routes through which intrapreneurship stimulates regional development: firm growth and new firm formation.
摘要企业内部创业精神在提高企业创新能力和竞争力方面发挥着重要作用。但是,仍然缺乏关于区域一级内部企业精神运作的文献。本文通过对爱尔兰东南部地区内部创业的定性分析,探讨了内部创业与区域发展之间的联系。它做出了几项贡献,进一步了解了区域层面的内部创业精神:(1)我们详细介绍了内部创业精神在不同企业背景下出现的方式;(2)我们确定了这些不同背景下内部创业的主要障碍和挑战;(3)我们提供的证据表明,内部创业刺激区域发展的两条关键途径——企业成长和新企业形成——的相对重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Visualizing the impact of Covid-19 on economic complexity clusters: the case of Mexico 可视化新冠肺炎对经济复杂性集群的影响:以墨西哥为例
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2095298
Abel Rodriguez Tirado
ABSTRACT In response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the Mexican government implemented lockdown and business closure measures to minimize the spread of the disease. This graphic shows whether under those measures the clusters of economic complexity – a measure of the diversification of economic activities, particularly those that are highly sophisticated – have changed relative to the period before the Covid-19 pandemic. The visualization shows a notable reduction in economic complexity clusters during 2020 and a rapid increase in 2021.
为应对SARS-CoV-2疫情,墨西哥政府实施了封锁和商业关闭措施,以尽量减少疾病的传播。该图显示了在这些指标下,经济复杂性集群(衡量经济活动多样化的指标,特别是那些高度复杂的经济活动)相对于Covid-19大流行之前是否发生了变化。可视化显示,2020年经济复杂性集群显著减少,2021年快速增加。
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引用次数: 0
Closing disparities between European sending and receiving international migration flow data 缩小欧洲发送和接收国际移民流动数据之间的差距
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-21 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2096478
Guy J. Abel, D. Yildiz
ABSTRACT Evidence-based policies to monitor and manage migration flows require accurate data. Data collection on international migration flow statistics is based on a range of data sources and measures. Discrepancies in reported migration flow data are apparent when comparing flow statistics from receiving countries on the number of arriving migrants by their country of origin with statistics from sending countries on the number of departing migrants by their country of destination. In recent decades the relative incompleteness and non-comparability in reported migration statistics have motivated a number of initiatives to improve data in European countries. In this paper we illustrate graphically the discrepancies between sending and receiving migration flow statistics provided to Eurostat by European countries. We find a reduction of the discrepancies between receiving and sending migration flow data after the implementation of regulations to improve the availability and comparability of migration data.
监控和管理移民流动的循证政策需要准确的数据。关于国际移徙流动统计的数据收集基于一系列数据来源和措施。在比较接收国按原籍国统计的抵达移民人数与派遣国按目的地国统计的离境移民人数时,所报告的移徙流动数据明显存在差异。近几十年来,报告的移徙统计数据相对不完整和不可比较,促使欧洲国家采取了一些改进数据的举措。在本文中,我们用图形说明了欧洲国家向欧盟统计局提供的发送和接收移民流量统计数据之间的差异。我们发现,在实施法规以提高移民数据的可用性和可比性之后,接收和发送移民流动数据之间的差异减少了。
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引用次数: 0
Visualizing the impact of Covid-19 vaccine passports on pedestrian access to metro stations in Hong Kong 可视化Covid-19疫苗护照对香港地铁站行人通道的影响
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2094828
Yingying Xu, Da-yu Cheng, Ho-Yin Chan, A. Chen
ABSTRACT Pedestrian infrastructures in Hong Kong enable multilevel city life in a vertical metropolis plagued by land scarcity. Public spaces integrated into pedestrian networks play an indispensable role in neighbourhood accessibility. We visualize the impact of the Covid-19 vaccine passport (VP) restrictions on the use of public space on pedestrian accessibility to all 97 metro stations in Hong Kong. Pedestrians without a vaccine passport (PwoVP) need to walk significantly longer alternative routes. Specifically, VP-related access restrictions to indoor walkways have doubled the shortest travel time for PwoVP and a 50% reduction in accessibility of two-thirds of stations.
摘要香港的步行基础设施为土地短缺的垂直大都市提供了多层次的城市生活。融入步行网络的公共空间在社区无障碍方面发挥着不可或缺的作用。我们可视化了新冠肺炎疫苗护照(VP)对使用公共空间的限制对香港所有97个地铁站的行人可达性的影响。没有疫苗护照的行人需要走更长的替代路线。具体而言,与VP相关的室内人行道出入限制使PwoVP的最短旅行时间增加了一倍,三分之二的车站的出入减少了50%。
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引用次数: 1
Long-run suburbanization trends in Portugal 葡萄牙长期郊区化趋势
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2095299
Bruno T. Rocha
ABSTRACT Using census data from 1960 to 2021, this graphic reveals how suburban municipalities evolved from representing less than 19% of the population in mainland Portugal to almost 39%. In particular, suburban municipalities constitute the only group of municipalities for which doubling population size occurred more often than not. At the same time, Lisbon and Porto, the central cities of the two metropolitan areas, lost 32% and 24%, respectively, of their population. The paper concludes by briefly enumerating the causes of suburbanization in Portugal that have been more discussed in the literature.
利用1960年至2021年的人口普查数据,这张图表揭示了郊区市镇是如何从占葡萄牙大陆人口的不到19%发展到占近39%的。特别是郊区市镇是唯一一组经常出现人口翻番的市镇。与此同时,两个大都市区的中心城市里斯本和波尔图的人口分别减少了32%和24%。本文最后简要列举了葡萄牙郊区化的原因,这些原因在文献中得到了更多的讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Soundscapes of informalities 非正式的声音景观
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2091472
Aireen Grace T. Andal
ABSTRACT With the growth of children’s population in cities, research on children’s views about their urban lives has gained traction in the literature. Contributing to such a research agenda, this study examines the perception of slum-dwelling Filipino children of their sonic environment, which is an under-researched topic. Analysis focuses on how children’s experiences both create and are shaped by the soundscape of their slum spaces. Drawing from unstructured interviews with Filipino children (aged 9–12 years) in San Jose del Monte City, this study articulates what comprises children’s sonic environment in slums and how they make sense of their soundscapes. Findings suggest that children have a complex sonic relationship with their spaces beyond physical aspects, offering another dimension to thinking about children’s auditory encounters. This work hopes to spark conversations on how soundscapes can inform thinking about and conducting regional studies.
摘要随着城市儿童人口的增长,对儿童城市生活观的研究在文献中越来越受到重视。为推动这一研究议程,本研究考察了居住在贫民窟的菲律宾儿童对其声音环境的看法,这是一个研究不足的主题。分析的重点是儿童的经历是如何创造和塑造他们贫民窟空间的音景的。这项研究通过对圣何塞德尔蒙特市菲律宾儿童(9-12岁)的非结构化采访,阐明了贫民窟儿童的声音环境是什么组成的,以及他们如何理解自己的音景。研究结果表明,除了身体方面,儿童与他们的空间有着复杂的声音关系,这为思考儿童的听觉遭遇提供了另一个维度。这项工作希望引发关于声景如何为思考和进行区域研究提供信息的对话。
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引用次数: 1
Regional economic resilience: towards a system approach 区域经济韧性:走向系统方法
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2092418
Jess L Sutton, G. Arku
ABSTRACT This paper proposes a system approach to regional economic resilience. This approach argues that regional economies undergo, to varying degrees, changes to their economic system that result from the collective but uncoordinated action of economic actors in an attempt to be resilient to shocks. The system change, particularly focusing on changes to economies’ structure and function, which occurs during and following a shock, determines the type of resilience (i.e., engineering, ecological, evolutionary and transformative) employed by regions. The type of resilience employed can influence regions’ long-term growth trajectory and resilience to future shocks. This approach advances the examination of regions’ resilience capacity, which has largely been ignored in empirical studies of resilience. In doing so, the approach developed in this paper is heuristic rather than deterministic, with the latter characterizing the bulk of the literature. A greater investigation into system change can provide a holistic understanding of resilience. This approach has many advantages, such as developing greater insight into resilience, applying a heuristic method rather than deterministic and examining regions’ adaptive capacity. To advance the system approach, this paper provides greater conceptual clarity of resilience, highlighting the notions conceptual parameters and rethinking the oppositional context in which the four main types of resilience are commonly discussed. Specifically, it conceptualizes the main types of resilience as complementary rather than oppositional. The overall contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it establishes a greater conceptual framework of resilience. Second, it develops an approach in which regions’ adaptive capacity can be investigated.
摘要本文提出了一种区域经济韧性的系统方法。这种方法认为,区域经济体的经济体系在不同程度上发生了变化,这是经济行为体为了抵御冲击而采取的集体但不协调的行动的结果。系统变化,特别是集中在经济结构和功能的变化上,发生在冲击期间和之后,决定了区域所采用的弹性类型(即工程、生态、进化和变革)。所采用的弹性类型可以影响各地区的长期增长轨迹和对未来冲击的弹性。这种方法推进了对区域恢复力的研究,而在恢复力的实证研究中,这一点在很大程度上被忽视了。在这样做的过程中,本文开发的方法是启发式的,而不是确定性的,后者是大部分文献的特征。对系统变化进行更深入的调查可以提供对弹性的全面理解。这种方法有很多优点,例如对弹性有更深入的了解,应用启发式方法而不是确定性方法,以及检查区域的适应能力。为了推进系统方法,本文提供了更大的弹性概念清晰度,强调了概念概念参数,并重新思考了通常讨论四种主要类型的弹性的对立背景。具体而言,它将主要类型的恢复力概念化为互补而非对立。本文的总体贡献是双重的。首先,它建立了一个更大的复原力概念框架。其次,它开发了一种方法,可以研究区域的适应能力。
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引用次数: 17
Analysing the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19: a new regional geography or pandemic enhanced inequalities? 分析新冠肺炎的社会经济影响:新的区域地理还是疫情加剧的不平等?
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2084447
Katie Cross, Jamie Evans, J. MacLeavy, D. Manley
ABSTRACT In the UK the socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 mitigations over the course of the pandemic (March 2020 to the time of writing in January 2022) have been experienced unevenly and with differential intensities at both the regional and local scales. Using individual-level geocoded data (from the Understanding Society: UK Household Longitudinal Survey COVID-19 study) linking people to the places in which they live, we consider the regional and local disparities in the risks and outcomes of financial hardship as a result of early stage mitigations. This paper provides direct evidence from the UK of a concentration of vulnerabilities in areas of high deprivation, undermining the capacity of individuals within those areas to shelter from economic shocks. Furthermore, the geography of financial hardship appears largely compositional – attributable to the pre-existing characteristics of individuals within regions and neighbourhoods, rather than being explicitly driven by the spatial contextual effect of their social or physical environments. This has implications for UK regional economic policy, and the Levelling Up agenda in particular. It is not the regions and neighbourhoods that give rise to COVID-19 hardship per se, but the concentration of individual disadvantages of the people living within them. The persistence of compositional dis/advantages means that there is a need not only to direct ameliorative packages to the individual but also to use local areas as places where the (regional) Levelling Up agenda can break long-term place trajectories that lock in existing disparities which in turn yield unequal financial opportunities and outcomes in periods of crisis.
摘要在英国,新冠肺炎缓解措施在大流行期间(2020年3月至2022年1月撰写本文时)的社会经济影响不均衡,且在地区和地方层面上具有不同的强度。使用个人层面的地理编码数据(来自Understanding Society:英国家庭纵向调查新冠肺炎研究),将人们与他们居住的地方联系起来,我们考虑了早期缓解措施导致的经济困难风险和结果的地区和地方差异。这篇论文提供了来自英国的直接证据,表明脆弱性集中在高度贫困地区,削弱了这些地区的个人抵御经济冲击的能力。此外,经济困难的地理位置在很大程度上是复合的——归因于区域和社区内个人预先存在的特征,而不是由其社会或物理环境的空间背景效应明确驱动的。这对英国的地区经济政策,尤其是平准化议程有影响。造成新冠肺炎困难的并不是地区和街区本身,而是居住在这些地区和街区的人的个人劣势集中。成分差异/优势的持续存在意味着,不仅需要将改善方案导向个人,还需要将地方作为(区域)平准议程可以打破长期地方轨迹的地方,这些轨迹锁定了现有的差异,而这些差异反过来又在危机时期产生了不平等的金融机会和结果。
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引用次数: 4
Evolutionary networks of interurban technological collaboration across Chinese city-regions 中国城市区域间技术协作的进化网络
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2084448
Hai-long Ma
ABSTRACT Urban agglomeration has the function of being an incubator for innovation. Previous studies have only focused on the output of innovation, ignoring the knowledge cooperation and exchange between cities, which is an important embodiment of the incubation. Compared with scientific cooperation, technical cooperation is more experimental and application oriented, requires more face-to-face communication, and is more sensitive to distance. In this paper co-patent data were selected to show the development and differences of intercity technological cooperation networks within Chinese urban agglomerations. The results show that the technical cooperation network within Chinese urban regions has generally developed rapidly in the past decade, especially those in eastern China, which have become the closest urban regions in China’s technical cooperation.
摘要城市群具有创新孵化器的功能。以往的研究只关注创新的产出,而忽视了城市之间的知识合作与交流,这是孵化的重要体现。与科学合作相比,技术合作更具实验性和应用性,需要更多的面对面交流,对距离更敏感。本文选取联合专利数据来展示中国城市群内城际技术合作网络的发展和差异。研究结果表明,近十年来,中国城市区域内的技术合作网络总体上发展迅速,尤其是东部地区,已成为中国技术合作中距离最近的城市区域。
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引用次数: 2
Negotiating environmentality: implementation of Joint Forest Management in eastern India 谈判环境:在印度东部实施联合森林管理
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2084446
Amit Jain
ABSTRACT This article helps to reconcile developmental and conservation goals in community forest management. Through a case study design, using the conceptual lenses of governmentality, it unpacks how the regional networks of developmental aspirations in the Hazaribagh region of eastern India shaped people’s perception of their forests and their engagement with India’s Joint Forest Management programme. The outcome of such an engagement was a hybrid community forest management, comprising elements of both the rationalities of the state and the local community. Thus, the article suggests that the recognition of regionally grounded networks of developmental aspirations becomes a key to achieving socio-ecological justice in regionally meaningful ways in many countries of the Global South.
本文有助于协调社区森林管理中的发展和保护目标。通过案例研究设计,利用政府心态的概念视角,揭示了印度东部哈扎里巴格地区的发展愿望区域网络如何塑造人们对森林的看法以及他们对印度联合森林管理计划的参与。这种参与的结果是混合社区森林管理,包括国家和地方社区的理性因素。因此,文章认为,在全球南方的许多国家,承认基于区域的发展愿望网络成为以区域意义的方式实现社会生态正义的关键。
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引用次数: 1
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Regional Studies Regional Science
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