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Regional demographic and economic challenges for sustaining growth in Northern Australia 维持北澳大利亚地区增长的区域人口和经济挑战
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2082316
A. Taylor, James Thurmer, Dávid Karácsonyi
ABSTRACT Stimulating economic and population growth in northern Australia has been a long-term pursuit for the Australian Government, where the north has historically been the focus for centrally derived regional development policies. Most refer to untapping the purportedly vast opportunities of the resources and tourism sectors, and growth in the Asian middle-class in Australia’s proximate north. In 2015 the Australian government detailed an ambitious policy for ‘developing the north’ during the period 2015–60. This includes targets to dramatically grow the population and a list of five industries with ‘bright growth prospects’. However, regional develpment literature underscores there have been many impediments to generating sustained growth in northern regions of developed countries. This study is the first to evaluate baseline conditions and progress towards the aims and targets in the Australian regional growth policy. We develop key analytical indicators and provide analysis by 11 subregions within Northern Australia to ascertain the extent and implications of indicator diversity. The results highlight challenges for the policy’s aims as well as regional differences in the compositions of economies and populations. In demonstrating the incorrect and implied assertion of regional homogeneity, and by demonstrating that some targets were destined to fail from inception, we underscore the importance of knowledge about localized demographic and economic conditions in policy formulation. This brings into play the important question of whether high-growth policies for northern regions is desired by the longer term resident population, and most particularly the relatively large population of Indigenous northern residents.
刺激澳大利亚北部的经济和人口增长一直是澳大利亚政府的长期追求,历史上北部一直是中央衍生的区域发展政策的重点。大多数人指的是开发据称巨大的资源和旅游业机会,以及澳大利亚北部邻近地区亚洲中产阶级的增长。2015年,澳大利亚政府详细制定了一项雄心勃勃的政策,在2015 - 60年期间“发展北方”。其中包括大幅增加人口的目标,以及列出“发展前景光明”的五大行业。然而,区域发展文献强调,在发达国家北部地区实现持续增长存在许多障碍。这项研究是第一个评估基线条件和进展朝着澳大利亚区域增长政策的目标和目标。我们制定了关键的分析指标,并对北澳大利亚的11个次区域进行了分析,以确定指标多样性的程度和影响。研究结果凸显了该政策目标面临的挑战,以及经济和人口构成的地区差异。通过证明不正确和隐含的区域同质性主张,并通过证明一些目标从一开始就注定要失败,我们强调了在制定政策时了解当地人口和经济状况的重要性。这就产生了一个重要的问题,即长期居住人口,特别是相对庞大的北方土著居民,是否希望对北方地区实行高增长政策。
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引用次数: 0
Consume less or grow sustainably? Matching energy systems with Indigenous worldviews in Panama 减少消费还是可持续增长?巴拿马的能源系统与土著世界观的匹配
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2081598
Nora Hampl
ABSTRACT This article explores how energy systems, if reconceptualized and reordered to deliver greater equity, could exponentially improve livelihoods and livelihood pathways of Panama’s Ngäbe and Buglé communities which currently lack energy access. Inevitably, the choice of energy systems and related infrastructures will not only bring benefits, but also impose burdens on local ecosystems as well as communities living near project sites. In biodiversity-rich Indigenous contexts, including Panama’s comarcas, making informed decisions about energy systems that are yet to be developed, implies understanding the impacts and potential risks of embedding such technical systems into areas with high levels of biodiversity and species density, whose vulnerability will only increase with climate change. A conceptual framework used in the study combines energy justice research perspectives with the energy–water–food–climate nexus as an approach to local livelihood planning. This approach makes it possible to treat the concept of ‘energy’ within a broader framework of social–ecological systems and safe operating spaces, while applying it to a specific context (Ngäbe–Buglé comarca, Panama). In this way, the study extrapolates how energy justice issues co-relate with social–ecological inequities, and at the same time present risks for the future of the comarca, with implications for broader contexts.
摘要本文探讨了如果对能源系统进行重新定义和重新排序,以实现更大的公平,如何以指数级的方式改善巴拿马Ngäbe和Buglé社区的生计和生计途径,这些社区目前缺乏能源。不可避免的是,能源系统和相关基础设施的选择不仅会带来好处,还会给当地生态系统以及项目现场附近的社区带来负担。在生物多样性丰富的土著环境中,包括巴拿马的comarcas,对尚未开发的能源系统做出明智的决定,意味着了解将这些技术系统嵌入生物多样性和物种密度高的地区的影响和潜在风险,这些地区的脆弱性只会随着气候变化而增加。该研究中使用的概念框架将能源正义研究视角与能源-水-粮食-气候关系相结合,作为当地生计规划的一种方法。这种方法可以在更广泛的社会-生态系统和安全操作空间框架内处理“能源”概念,同时将其应用于特定背景(Ngäbe–Buglécomarca,巴拿马)。通过这种方式,该研究推断了能源正义问题如何与社会-生态不平等相互关联,同时也为comarca的未来带来了风险,并对更广泛的背景产生了影响。
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引用次数: 1
How Covid-19 affects intercity transportation in China: high-speed rail versus air Covid-19如何影响中国城际交通:高铁与航空
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2072761
Jie Huang, Jiaoe Wang, Yongling Li
ABSTRACT This graphic uses cartogram analysis to demonstrate how Covid-19 affects high-speed rail (HSR) and air networks in China. During the first round of the Covid-19 outbreak, intercity transportation networks significantly decreased their service. However, the supply of transport hubs was retained to ensure basic service coverage and efficiency. Conversely, air transportation was affected more than HSR networks. The average number of daily flights declined to 19% of the original traffic, while high-speed trains maintained their original 64%. This disparity is explained by the owners and operation of the two transportation networks and their different roles in intercity connections.
摘要本图采用图表分析法展示了新冠肺炎对中国高铁和航空网络的影响。在第一轮新冠肺炎疫情期间,城际交通网络的服务大幅减少。但是,保留了交通枢纽的供应,以确保基本服务的覆盖范围和效率。相反,航空运输比高铁网络受到的影响更大。平均每天的航班数量下降到原来交通量的19%,而高铁则保持原来的64%。这一差异的原因是两个交通网络的所有者和运营,以及它们在城际连接中的不同作用。
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引用次数: 4
The role of powerful incumbent firms: shaping regional industrial path development through change and maintenance agency 强大的现有企业的作用:通过变革和维护机构塑造区域产业发展道路
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2081597
Simon Baumgartinger-Seiringer
ABSTRACT This article seeks to advance perspectives on powerful incumbent firms in (new) regional industrial path development. Drawing on recent insights from transition studies, it is argued that this actor group – hitherto often portrayed in a rather one-sided manner – plays a crucial role in shaping the pace and direction of regional path development through agency oriented towards both change and maintenance. Building on systemic perspectives at the intersection of evolutionary economic geography and innovation studies, a particular emphasis is placed on incumbent firms’ interventions to reconfigure or stabilize their surrounding regional innovation system to support their intentions. To this end, this article examines how incumbents exert their influence through various forms of power as means by which they promote or hinder regional industrial change. Empirically, the role of incumbent firms in three traditional automotive regions in Austria is investigated. It is shown how they leverage their power to propel the industry’s digitalization and suppress its decarbonization.
摘要:本文旨在提出对(新)区域产业路径发展中强大的现有企业的看法。根据过渡研究的最新见解,有人认为,迄今为止,这一行动者群体往往以相当片面的方式被描述,通过面向变革和维护的机构,在塑造区域道路发展的速度和方向方面发挥着至关重要的作用。基于进化经济地理和创新研究交叉点的系统视角,特别强调现有企业的干预措施,以重新配置或稳定其周围的区域创新系统,从而支持其意图。为此,本文考察了在位者如何通过各种形式的权力来发挥其影响力,以此作为促进或阻碍区域产业变革的手段。实证研究了奥地利三个传统汽车地区现有企业的作用。它展示了他们如何利用自己的力量来推动行业的数字化并抑制其脱碳。
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引用次数: 8
Career degradation in Australian cities: globalization, precarity and adversity 澳大利亚城市的职业退化:全球化、不稳定和逆境
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2078737
H. Dinmore, Andrew Beer
ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact on urban labour markets of the closure of the Australian automotive manufacturing industry through a qualitative analysis of ex-automotive workers’ experiences of redundancy and precarious work. We locate the experiences of workers inside a multidimensional concept of precarity that can be both objectively measured and subjectively produced. These findings show the need for strong policies directed at boosting the economies of affected urban communities alongside labour market programmes able to provide secure work after large-scale plant closures. Through the voices of affected workers, we demonstrate the complex ways their lives have been affected.
本文通过对前汽车工人冗余和不稳定工作经历的定性分析,探讨了澳大利亚汽车制造业关闭对城市劳动力市场的影响。我们将工人的经历定位在一个多维度的不稳定概念中,这个概念既可以客观地衡量,也可以主观地产生。这些调查结果表明,需要制定强有力的政策,促进受影响城市社区的经济,并制定能够在大规模工厂关闭后提供稳定工作的劳动力市场方案。通过受影响工人的声音,我们展示了他们的生活受到影响的复杂方式。
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引用次数: 1
Geoinformation assessment of digitalization in the urban space of Kaliningrad 加里宁格勒城市空间数字化的地理信息评估
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2079995
A. Mikhaylova, D. Hvaley, Andrey Sergeevich Mikhaylov
ABSTRACT Cities around the globe that have residential areas spanning several eras of architecture face the challenge of developing a comfortable urban environment. New urban spaces must accommodate the needs of a modern urban dweller constantly engaged with information and communication technologies and the Internet of Things. A viable urban development strategy is the smart-city model based on a digital city ecosystem using urban informatics technologies. The study case is Kaliningrad, a city with an over 760-year history of development. We present a comparative analysis of its housing development dynamics, tourist zones and mobile internet coverage in the residential areas. Our findings identify digitally advanced and peripheral inner-city areas and, using geoinformation data, showcase the development of digital urban space.
摘要世界各地的城市都有跨越几个建筑时代的住宅区,它们面临着发展舒适城市环境的挑战。新的城市空间必须满足现代城市居民不断使用信息和通信技术以及物联网的需求。一个可行的城市发展战略是利用城市信息技术建立在数字城市生态系统基础上的智慧城市模式。研究案例是加里宁格勒,一个拥有760多年发展历史的城市。我们对其住宅开发动态、旅游区和住宅区移动互联网覆盖率进行了比较分析。我们的发现确定了数字先进和外围的市中心区域,并利用地理信息数据展示了数字城市空间的发展。
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引用次数: 1
Interregional migration of human capital in Spain 西班牙人力资本的区域间迁移
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2060131
Miguel González‐Leonardo, A. López‐Gay, A. Esteve
ABSTRACT While levels of internal mobility have been trending down in many advanced economies, the interregional migration rates of Spanish young adults have increased. This paper analyses the internal movements of the Spanish-born population aged 25–39 between NUTS-2 regions from 1992 to 2018, including sub-periods linked to the Spanish economic context. The analysis incorporates the urban–rural dimension within each region and the educational level of migrants, a variable that has not been included in Spanish internal migration studies. We used flow register data of migration and sociodemographic information from the Labor Force Survey. The results show that migrations between regions have become more unbalanced over time, especially since the 2008 crisis. In addition, a new trend of out-migration from cities in peripheral regions has been detected, which contrasts with the former high level of rural out-migration. A great educational selectivity of out-migrants and a growing internal brain drain have also been found. Moreover, qualified human capital accumulation has been increasing in Madrid.
摘要尽管许多发达经济体的内部流动水平呈下降趋势,但西班牙年轻人的区域间移民率却有所上升。本文分析了1992年至2018年,西班牙出生的25-39岁人口在NUTS-2地区之间的内部流动,包括与西班牙经济背景相关的子时期。该分析纳入了每个地区的城乡层面和移民的教育水平,这是西班牙国内移民研究中没有包含的变量。我们使用了来自劳动力调查的移民流动登记数据和社会人口统计信息。结果表明,随着时间的推移,特别是自2008年危机以来,地区之间的移民变得更加不平衡。此外,还发现了从外围地区城市向外迁移的新趋势,这与以前农村向外迁移的高水平形成了鲜明对比。还发现,外来移民在教育方面有很大的选择性,内部人才流失也在增加。此外,马德里合格的人力资本积累一直在增加。
{"title":"Interregional migration of human capital in Spain","authors":"Miguel González‐Leonardo, A. López‐Gay, A. Esteve","doi":"10.1080/21681376.2022.2060131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2022.2060131","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While levels of internal mobility have been trending down in many advanced economies, the interregional migration rates of Spanish young adults have increased. This paper analyses the internal movements of the Spanish-born population aged 25–39 between NUTS-2 regions from 1992 to 2018, including sub-periods linked to the Spanish economic context. The analysis incorporates the urban–rural dimension within each region and the educational level of migrants, a variable that has not been included in Spanish internal migration studies. We used flow register data of migration and sociodemographic information from the Labor Force Survey. The results show that migrations between regions have become more unbalanced over time, especially since the 2008 crisis. In addition, a new trend of out-migration from cities in peripheral regions has been detected, which contrasts with the former high level of rural out-migration. A great educational selectivity of out-migrants and a growing internal brain drain have also been found. Moreover, qualified human capital accumulation has been increasing in Madrid.","PeriodicalId":46370,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies Regional Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"324 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42045005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Visualizing the urban network constructed by the most innovative enterprises in China 可视化中国最具创新企业构建的城市网络
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2069510
Hai-long Ma, Xiaodong Huang
ABSTRACT As important actors in innovation, global innovative enterprises have shaped the innovative pattern of the world. China’s most innovative enterprises have also transformed the innovative landscape in China. Using the location information of the 1778 most innovative enterprises in China and the headquarter–branch method, we visualized the Chinese urban network constructed by these enterprises. Although the network covers 353 cities across China, its spatial distribution is extremely uneven. A few cities dominate the structure of the network, and Beijing stands in a strong control position. Megacities and provincial capitals have become the favoured headquarter locations of innovative enterprises. The five major urban agglomerations form the uneven diamond structure in the innovation network.
全球创新型企业作为创新的重要参与者,塑造了世界的创新格局。中国最具创新力的企业也改变了中国的创新格局。利用中国1778家最具创新力企业的位置信息和总部-分公司方法,我们对这些企业构建的中国城市网络进行了可视化。尽管该网络覆盖了全国353个城市,但其空间分布极不均匀。少数城市主导了网络结构,北京处于强势控制地位。特大城市和省会城市已成为创新型企业青睐的总部所在地。五大城市群在创新网络中形成了凹凸不平的菱形结构。
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引用次数: 1
Economic geography and entrepreneurial diversification in the agricultural sector 农业部门的经济地理和企业多样化
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-07 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2074307
Sharif Rasel, W. Heijman, S. Reinhard
ABSTRACT Taking concepts from economic geography, this study decomposes locational factors as ‘first-nature’ and ‘second-nature’ geography, and argues that the second-nature geography, which is the concentration of entrepreneurial activities, helps entrepreneurs to discover entrepreneurial opportunities and gives them an incentive to integrate business with supporting activities in close proximity due to pecuniary and technological externalities. This study has taken the agricultural sector as the context of its research, and finds that the agricultural entrepreneurship literature has neglected the impact of the second-nature geography. Findings from the Netherlands show that the higher the concentration of entrepreneurial diversification in a region, the greater the likelihood that a farmer undertakes entrepreneurship on the farm.
本研究从经济地理学的概念出发,将区位因素分解为“第一性质”和“第二性质”地理,并认为第二性质地理是创业活动的集中地,它有助于企业家发现创业机会,并由于货币和技术外部性而激励他们将业务与邻近的支持活动整合起来。本研究以农业部门为研究背景,发现农业创业文献忽视了第二自然地理学的影响。荷兰的研究结果表明,一个地区的创业多元化集中度越高,农民在农场进行创业的可能性就越大。
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引用次数: 0
Developing polar data-cylinders to map spatiotemporal changes in Arctic sea ice 开发极地数据柱来绘制北极海冰的时空变化
IF 1.9 Q2 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/21681376.2022.2074306
Danai Kontou
ABSTRACT Complex ecosystems characterize the Arctic Region, which experiences rapid environmental changes due to climate change. These changes are happening spatially as much as temporally. Spatiotemporal interactive three-dimensional visualization of environmental phenomena is eye-catching, while creating the foundations for the rapid understanding of Arctic complexity. The Arctic is a circumpolar region; cylinders seem suitable visual media for related data. In this case study, the visualization of anomalies of the sea ice illustrates abnormal changes, helping the viewer/user to focus on that filtered information rather than becoming lost in a multitude of information. A holistic view of dynamic environmental changes in a stand-alone visual could impact the quick understanding, response and policymaking regarding the visualized phenomena.
摘要复杂的生态系统是北极地区的特征,气候变化使北极地区的环境发生了快速变化。这些变化在空间上和时间上都在发生。环境现象的时空交互式三维可视化引人注目,同时为快速理解北极的复杂性奠定了基础。北极是一个环极地区;圆柱体似乎适合作为相关数据的视觉媒介。在本案例研究中,海冰异常的可视化显示了异常变化,帮助观众/用户关注过滤后的信息,而不是迷失在大量信息中。在独立的视觉中对动态环境变化的整体看法可能会影响对可视化现象的快速理解、反应和决策。
{"title":"Developing polar data-cylinders to map spatiotemporal changes in Arctic sea ice","authors":"Danai Kontou","doi":"10.1080/21681376.2022.2074306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2022.2074306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Complex ecosystems characterize the Arctic Region, which experiences rapid environmental changes due to climate change. These changes are happening spatially as much as temporally. Spatiotemporal interactive three-dimensional visualization of environmental phenomena is eye-catching, while creating the foundations for the rapid understanding of Arctic complexity. The Arctic is a circumpolar region; cylinders seem suitable visual media for related data. In this case study, the visualization of anomalies of the sea ice illustrates abnormal changes, helping the viewer/user to focus on that filtered information rather than becoming lost in a multitude of information. A holistic view of dynamic environmental changes in a stand-alone visual could impact the quick understanding, response and policymaking regarding the visualized phenomena.","PeriodicalId":46370,"journal":{"name":"Regional Studies Regional Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"320 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44474762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
Regional Studies Regional Science
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