Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2300138
Booyuel Kim, Rony Rodríguez-Ramírez, Hee-Seung Yang
{"title":"Does the small business programme benefit self-employed workers? Evidence from Nicaragua","authors":"Booyuel Kim, Rony Rodríguez-Ramírez, Hee-Seung Yang","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2300138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2300138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"49 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grow the pie, or have it? Using machine learning to impact heterogeneity in the Ultra-poor graduation model","authors":"Reajul Chowdhury, Federico Ceballos-Sierra, Munshi Sulaiman","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2276928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2276928","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2276937
Runhua Wang
ABSTRACTIt is agreed that the patent explosion in China results from diverse forms of government funding and subsidies, especially patent subsidies. This study explores how patent subsidies have promoted the patenting propensities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Patent subsidy policies provided limited financial support but sent signals to create prospects of obtaining policy surpluses by filing patent applications. This study provides empirical evidence of the signalling effect by showing that innovation-inactive SMEs and SMEs in patent-free industries filed inframarginal patent applications. Ex-ante subsidy policies offered stronger signals than ex-post subsidy policies. However, after a pro-patent culture was cultivated, SMEs were impervious to a decrease in patent subsidies and did not effectively perceive messages of strengthening patent quality from further policy changes. The signalling effect suggests effective policies for promoting patent applications in a weak patent regime that does not reward patents through the market. By contrast, it also accompanied distortion effects, indicating the policy’s failure to reduce the transaction costs associated with SME adapting to the patent regime.KEYWORDS: Patenting propensitypatent subsidysignalling effectinframarginal patent applications Declaration of interestThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Disclosure statementThe authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Notes1. e.g., The Tenth Five-Year Plan of the People’s Republic of China on National Economy and Social Development (promulgated by the 2001 Nat’l People’s Cong) (China).2. Beijing and Shanghai are municipalities, named as city level, but administrated as provincial level.3. Shanghai has a similar system for government grants and adopted this system for patent subsidies in 2017. Before 2017, the Shanghai government adopted a similar applicant-based hierarchy for conferring ‘pro-patent’ grants.4. The State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) was renamed China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) in 2018.5. While this 2012 funding policy was reformed further in 2017, the two versions of the policies are consistent (Shanghai Intellectual Property Office, & Shanghai Municipal Finance Bureau Citation2017).6. According to the Patent Prosecution Pricing Guidelines (The Committee of China Patent Agency Citation2016), drafting a utility patent usually charges at least ￥4,000 yuan depending on the patent application’s size. Requesting substantive examination charges￥1,000 yuan, and responding to office actions usually charges￥2,500 yuan. Patent attorneys can adjust their price, but the service quality, such as searching for prior arts, is also relevant to the price (Beijing Guanhequan Law Firm Citation2016).7. Based on the data released by the CNIPA, from 1985 to 2015, utility patent applications were increasing in
摘要:人们一致认为，中国专利的爆炸式增长是多种形式的政府资助和补贴的结果，尤其是专利补贴。本研究探讨专利补贴如何促进中国中小企业的专利倾向。专利补贴政策提供了有限的财政支持，但发出了通过提交专利申请来创造获得政策盈余前景的信号。本研究通过发现无创新活力的中小企业和无专利产业的中小企业提出了超边际专利申请，为信号效应提供了实证证据。事前补贴政策比事后补贴政策发出了更强的信号。然而，在培育了支持专利的文化之后，中小企业不受专利补贴减少的影响，并且没有有效地感知到进一步政策变化所带来的加强专利质量的信息。信号效应表明，在不通过市场奖励专利的薄弱专利制度下，促进专利申请的有效政策。相反，它还伴随着扭曲效应，表明该政策未能降低中小企业适应专利制度的交易成本。关键词:专利倾向专利补贴信号有效的边际专利申请利益声明本研究没有从公共、商业或非营利部门的资助机构获得任何特定的资助。披露声明作者无利益冲突需要披露。1 .《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划》(2001年全国人大颁布)(中国);北京和上海是直辖市，名义上是市级，但行政上是省级。上海也有类似的政府补助制度，并于2017年采用了这一制度进行专利补贴。在2017年之前，上海政府采用了类似的基于申请人的等级制度来授予“亲专利”拨款。2018年5月，国家知识产权局更名为中国国家知识产权局。虽然2012年的资助政策在2017年进一步改革，但两个版本的政策是一致的(上海市知识产权局和上海市财政局Citation2017)。根据《专利申请定价指南》(中国专利代理委员会Citation2016)，根据专利申请的大小，起草一项实用新型专利的费用通常至少为4000元人民币。请求实质审查收费1000元，响应办公室行为一般收费2500元。专利代理人可以调整其价格，但服务质量，如搜索现有技术，也与价格相关(北京冠和泉律师事务所Citation2016)。根据国家知识产权局公布的数据，从1985年到2015年，两个城市的实用新型专利申请量都在增加，但北京的实用新型专利申请量的增长率(F = 0.08， χ^2(1) = 20.52, Prob。>F = 0.78)和上海(F = 0.23， χ 2(1) = 22.1, Prob。>F = 0.63)在2007年两国政府采取补贴和资助专利申请人的政策后，并没有增加到统计显著程度。均值比较采用单因素方差分析。140中小企业的数据覆盖13个行业,包括矿业(n = 4)、媒体和文化(n = 6),建筑(n = 3),批发和零售贸易(n = 3),社会服务(n = 7),信息技术(n = 53),制造电子(n = 10),生产纺织(n = 4),生产机械(n = 21),五金和非金属(n = 8),制造食物&饮料(n = 1), manufacturing-petroleum,塑料(n = 11), manufacturing-pharmacy (n = 7),制造业-印刷业(n = 2)。财务数据是从合并财务报表中记录的。因此，专利数据是指上市中小企业母公司和其控股子公司提交的专利申请，并在中小企业年报中披露的专利申请。这些子公司可能位于北京或上海以外，但会提交专利申请，这意味着它们可能会受到其他城市专利政策的影响。一方面，提交专利申请、进行研发、向母公司及其子公司授予专利许可等公司间交易在合并财务报表中被剔除。另一方面，这些公司间的事务是内生的，这是数据源的一个缺点。界定中小企业的上限因行业而异，从(1)300至2000名员工，或(2)10至20亿元人民币(约2.857亿美元)的收入。I1代表中关村中小企业群体。I2代表张江中小企业群体。I3代表中小企业总数。 F代表14个行业类别，不包括金融。本研究采用Mansfield (Citation1986)关于行业专利依赖的研究结果，将采矿业、媒体文化、建筑业、批发零售业、制造业-纺织业和制造业-(包装和)印刷业不依赖专利，以及社会服务、信息技术、制造业-电子、制造业-机械、制造业-金属和非金属、制造业-石油、塑料、工业和工业等行业进行了分类。制药业依赖于专利。2012年申请了31项实用新型专利，2013年申请了6项实用新型专利，这表明申请专利的数量大幅下降。本研究得到了北京科技大学的支持。作者简介王润华，北京科技大学副教授。她的研究兴趣主要集中在知识产权、创新政策与管理、法律与技术等领域。她的研究采用实证方法、法律和经济学理论以及比较分析。2018年至2020年，王教授担任芝加哥肯特大学实证知识产权研究员。2016年至2018年，她在伊利诺伊大学法学院担任博士后研究助理。王教授在伊利诺伊大学法学院获得法学硕士和法学博士学位。作者感谢Heitor Almeida, Alexander Boni-Saenz, Sarah Burstein, Graeme Dinwoodie, Michael Frakes, Suzy Frankel, Bronwyn Hall, Paul Heald, Jonas Anderson, Jay P. Kesan, Edward Lee, Time Liao, Nancy Marder, Peter Orazem, Greg Reilly, David Schwartz, Thomas Ulen, Peter Yu, RJDE的编辑和审稿人员，以及参加由伊利诺伊大学东亚和太平洋研究中心组织的Brown Bag Talk, 2018年度亚太创新会议(APIC)的与会者。以及2021年知识产权学者大会(IPSC)的意见和建议。一切错误都是作者的错。
{"title":"How do patent subsidies drive SMEs to patent? Evidence from China","authors":"Runhua Wang","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2276937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2276937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIt is agreed that the patent explosion in China results from diverse forms of government funding and subsidies, especially patent subsidies. This study explores how patent subsidies have promoted the patenting propensities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Patent subsidy policies provided limited financial support but sent signals to create prospects of obtaining policy surpluses by filing patent applications. This study provides empirical evidence of the signalling effect by showing that innovation-inactive SMEs and SMEs in patent-free industries filed inframarginal patent applications. Ex-ante subsidy policies offered stronger signals than ex-post subsidy policies. However, after a pro-patent culture was cultivated, SMEs were impervious to a decrease in patent subsidies and did not effectively perceive messages of strengthening patent quality from further policy changes. The signalling effect suggests effective policies for promoting patent applications in a weak patent regime that does not reward patents through the market. By contrast, it also accompanied distortion effects, indicating the policy’s failure to reduce the transaction costs associated with SME adapting to the patent regime.KEYWORDS: Patenting propensitypatent subsidysignalling effectinframarginal patent applications Declaration of interestThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Disclosure statementThe authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.Notes1. e.g., The Tenth Five-Year Plan of the People’s Republic of China on National Economy and Social Development (promulgated by the 2001 Nat’l People’s Cong) (China).2. Beijing and Shanghai are municipalities, named as city level, but administrated as provincial level.3. Shanghai has a similar system for government grants and adopted this system for patent subsidies in 2017. Before 2017, the Shanghai government adopted a similar applicant-based hierarchy for conferring ‘pro-patent’ grants.4. The State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) was renamed China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) in 2018.5. While this 2012 funding policy was reformed further in 2017, the two versions of the policies are consistent (Shanghai Intellectual Property Office, & Shanghai Municipal Finance Bureau Citation2017).6. According to the Patent Prosecution Pricing Guidelines (The Committee of China Patent Agency Citation2016), drafting a utility patent usually charges at least ￥4,000 yuan depending on the patent application’s size. Requesting substantive examination charges￥1,000 yuan, and responding to office actions usually charges￥2,500 yuan. Patent attorneys can adjust their price, but the service quality, such as searching for prior arts, is also relevant to the price (Beijing Guanhequan Law Firm Citation2016).7. Based on the data released by the CNIPA, from 1985 to 2015, utility patent applications were increasing in","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"189 s654","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-06DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2240764
Shagufta Shabbar
{"title":"Impact of cash transfer on food accessibility and calorie-intake in Pakistan","authors":"Shagufta Shabbar","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2240764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2240764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"21 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72428441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-16DOI: 10.2499/p15738coll2.134838
V. Hoffmann, M. Doan, Tomoko Harigaya
{"title":"Self-selection versus population-based sampling for evaluation of an agronomy training program in Uganda","authors":"V. Hoffmann, M. Doan, Tomoko Harigaya","doi":"10.2499/p15738coll2.134838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134838","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88144173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2229294
Andrew Brudevold-Newman, Thomas de Hoop, Chinmaya Holla, Darius Isaboke, Timothy M. Kinoti, H. Ring, Victoria Rothbard
ABSTRACT Students in protracted crisis settings often face a range of challenges which combine to yield low education outcomes. This paper presents the results from a randomised controlled trial of weekend and holiday booster classes for 7th and 8th grade girls in Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya, that aimed to improve girls’ education outcomes and increase transition rates from primary to secondary school. While qualitative results suggested numerous advantages of the booster classes, including more freedom to ask questions, smaller class sizes, and kinder teachers, the program did not yield statistically significant effects on learning outcomes, school attendance or noncognitive skills. Mixed-methods research suggests that the limited impacts may stem from implementation challenges including irregular booster class attendance and a lack of appropriate teaching materials. More broadly, the results show the importance of accounting for implementation challenges in the reporting of impact evaluation results.
{"title":"The effects of booster classes in protracted crisis settings: Evidence from Kenyan refugee camps","authors":"Andrew Brudevold-Newman, Thomas de Hoop, Chinmaya Holla, Darius Isaboke, Timothy M. Kinoti, H. Ring, Victoria Rothbard","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2229294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2229294","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Students in protracted crisis settings often face a range of challenges which combine to yield low education outcomes. This paper presents the results from a randomised controlled trial of weekend and holiday booster classes for 7th and 8th grade girls in Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya, that aimed to improve girls’ education outcomes and increase transition rates from primary to secondary school. While qualitative results suggested numerous advantages of the booster classes, including more freedom to ask questions, smaller class sizes, and kinder teachers, the program did not yield statistically significant effects on learning outcomes, school attendance or noncognitive skills. Mixed-methods research suggests that the limited impacts may stem from implementation challenges including irregular booster class attendance and a lack of appropriate teaching materials. More broadly, the results show the importance of accounting for implementation challenges in the reporting of impact evaluation results.","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"86 4 1","pages":"287 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86493396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-16DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2217151
S. Amin, Momoe Makino
{"title":"Adolescent girls’ agency and their labour force participation: experimental evidence from rural Bangladesh","authors":"S. Amin, Momoe Makino","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2217151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2217151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75784571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2217164
Lisa Bogler, C. Bommer, Cara Ebert, Abhijeet Kumar, S. Subramanian, M. Subramanyam, Sandra Jeanne Vollmer
{"title":"Effects of a large-scale participatory learning and action programme in women’s groups on health, nutrition, water, sanitation, and hygiene: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Bihar, India","authors":"Lisa Bogler, C. Bommer, Cara Ebert, Abhijeet Kumar, S. Subramanian, M. Subramanyam, Sandra Jeanne Vollmer","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2217164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2217164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84663460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-28DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2213681
A. Brunetti, Konstantin Büchel, Martina Jakob, Ben Jann, Daniel Steffen
{"title":"Inadequate teacher content knowledge and what could be done about it: evidence from El Salvador","authors":"A. Brunetti, Konstantin Büchel, Martina Jakob, Ben Jann, Daniel Steffen","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2213681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2213681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90452016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-22DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2217177
V. Ngeno
{"title":"Technical efficiency and technology gap in Kenya’s tea industry: accounting for farm heterogeneity","authors":"V. Ngeno","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2217177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2217177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90505704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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