Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2023.2171062
M. Gaarder, Johannes F. Linn
The arguments for including cost-analysis when assessing the effectiveness and benefits of policies and interventions are compelling: in a world of limited resources, it is not enough to know whether an intervention has an effect on the desired outcomes, such as improved early-grade reading, nor even the size of the effect. Policy-makers need to know whether they can afford those effects, whether they could have achieved them more cheaply through other interventions, and what the opportunity costs are across other outcomes, sectors, and interventions. For policymakers in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) this is all the more important as the potential benefit from scarce resources is greater. It is therefore quite astounding that across the international development field only about one in five impact evaluations include a good cost-effectiveness analysis, thus missing the opportunity to respond to the questions often foremost on policy-makers minds (Brown and Tanner, 2019). The study by Browne and Tanner (2019) points out a number of factors that limit cost analysis integration into impact evaluations. Correct and comprehensive costing is difficult and time consuming. This is compounded by low levels of training in cost data collection and analysis methods, limited interest in cost evidence from the journals that publish impact evaluations, and limited demand from funders that cost analysis be integrated into funded impact evaluations. Indeed, while ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis was quite frequently used in international financial institutions in the early 1990’s to justify development investments, it had gone out of fashion just as the impact evaluation field was taking off. This special issue is dedicated to cost-analysis in the context of impact evaluation, as the explosion of the impact evaluation field is an extraordinary opportunity to finally get real-time, expost estimates of cost-effectiveness across interventions. The seven papers included in this special issue bring to the fore some common themes. They help us understand the challenges of collecting cost data and offer guidance on how to meet them. They provide an insight into a variety of approaches used and where more needs to be done. Below we start by briefly summarising the seven papers in this special volume. We then go on to highlight some additional costing questions related to projects and to the scaling of projects that would benefit from further attention in future costing research.
{"title":"Upping the game: adding costs to impacts an introduction to the special issue on costing in the field of development effectiveness","authors":"M. Gaarder, Johannes F. Linn","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2023.2171062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2023.2171062","url":null,"abstract":"The arguments for including cost-analysis when assessing the effectiveness and benefits of policies and interventions are compelling: in a world of limited resources, it is not enough to know whether an intervention has an effect on the desired outcomes, such as improved early-grade reading, nor even the size of the effect. Policy-makers need to know whether they can afford those effects, whether they could have achieved them more cheaply through other interventions, and what the opportunity costs are across other outcomes, sectors, and interventions. For policymakers in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) this is all the more important as the potential benefit from scarce resources is greater. It is therefore quite astounding that across the international development field only about one in five impact evaluations include a good cost-effectiveness analysis, thus missing the opportunity to respond to the questions often foremost on policy-makers minds (Brown and Tanner, 2019). The study by Browne and Tanner (2019) points out a number of factors that limit cost analysis integration into impact evaluations. Correct and comprehensive costing is difficult and time consuming. This is compounded by low levels of training in cost data collection and analysis methods, limited interest in cost evidence from the journals that publish impact evaluations, and limited demand from funders that cost analysis be integrated into funded impact evaluations. Indeed, while ex-ante cost-effectiveness analysis was quite frequently used in international financial institutions in the early 1990’s to justify development investments, it had gone out of fashion just as the impact evaluation field was taking off. This special issue is dedicated to cost-analysis in the context of impact evaluation, as the explosion of the impact evaluation field is an extraordinary opportunity to finally get real-time, expost estimates of cost-effectiveness across interventions. The seven papers included in this special issue bring to the fore some common themes. They help us understand the challenges of collecting cost data and offer guidance on how to meet them. They provide an insight into a variety of approaches used and where more needs to be done. Below we start by briefly summarising the seven papers in this special volume. We then go on to highlight some additional costing questions related to projects and to the scaling of projects that would benefit from further attention in future costing research.","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"124 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80055571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2158902
S. Ahado, Jiri Hejkrlik, T. Ratinger, Tamila Arnania Kepuladze
{"title":"Supported cooperative groups and the economic performance of small farmers: evidence from georgia","authors":"S. Ahado, Jiri Hejkrlik, T. Ratinger, Tamila Arnania Kepuladze","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2158902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2158902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87836457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2158903
L. Trenouth, Victoria L. Sibson, C. Grijalva-Eternod, K. Golden, Chloe Puett
ABSTRACT We compared the costs and cost-efficiency of two unconditional cash transfer (UCT) programs in southern Niger – a ‘standard’ four-month program implemented during the June-September lean season and a six-month ‘modified’ UCT implemented April-September – each providing the same total cash transfer. The standard UCT was more cost-efficient based on all metrics. However, costs to beneficiaries were unevenly distributed due to program design decisions about cash delivery mechanisms, which eroded the net transfer value for some beneficiaries more than others. Beyond this finding, we contribute to the advancement of costing studies through the descriptive detail and transparent reporting of our analysis.
{"title":"Cost and cost-efficiency of unconditional cash transfers in Tahoua, Niger","authors":"L. Trenouth, Victoria L. Sibson, C. Grijalva-Eternod, K. Golden, Chloe Puett","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2158903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2158903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We compared the costs and cost-efficiency of two unconditional cash transfer (UCT) programs in southern Niger – a ‘standard’ four-month program implemented during the June-September lean season and a six-month ‘modified’ UCT implemented April-September – each providing the same total cash transfer. The standard UCT was more cost-efficient based on all metrics. However, costs to beneficiaries were unevenly distributed due to program design decisions about cash delivery mechanisms, which eroded the net transfer value for some beneficiaries more than others. Beyond this finding, we contribute to the advancement of costing studies through the descriptive detail and transparent reporting of our analysis.","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"27 1","pages":"111 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79143085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2153380
Ada Sonnenfeld, Jennifer L. Stevenson, H. Waddington
{"title":"Does citizen engagement improve development outcomes? A realist-informed systematic review of participation and accountability mechanisms","authors":"Ada Sonnenfeld, Jennifer L. Stevenson, H. Waddington","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2153380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2153380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"os-15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87195216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2154822
Thomas de Hoop, A. Coombes, Chinmaya Holla
ABSTRACT This paper examines the labour market conditions of refugees in Rwanda using a process evaluation and a survey with 244 employers. The process evaluation covers a tertiary education program, which offers a path to bachelor’s degree from a US University using a blended approach to instruction. Students highlighted the importance of the internship and employment components of this programme. Survey vignettes indicated that employers reported a 6% lower likelihood of hiring relatively well-educated refugees than to hire Rwandans with otherwise identical characteristics. This finding was driven by the 50% of the employers who found it more complex to hire refugees.
{"title":"Employer attitudes towards hiring university-educated refugees: evidence from Rwanda","authors":"Thomas de Hoop, A. Coombes, Chinmaya Holla","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2154822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2154822","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the labour market conditions of refugees in Rwanda using a process evaluation and a survey with 244 employers. The process evaluation covers a tertiary education program, which offers a path to bachelor’s degree from a US University using a blended approach to instruction. Students highlighted the importance of the internship and employment components of this programme. Survey vignettes indicated that employers reported a 6% lower likelihood of hiring relatively well-educated refugees than to hire Rwandans with otherwise identical characteristics. This finding was driven by the 50% of the employers who found it more complex to hire refugees.","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"38 1","pages":"342 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89815556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-11DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2153379
J. Maldonado, John Gomez-Mahecha, Viviana León-Jurado, Laura I. Villa, D. A. Rodriguez
{"title":"Implementation of graduation programs for alleviating rural poverty: an impact analysis in Paraguay","authors":"J. Maldonado, John Gomez-Mahecha, Viviana León-Jurado, Laura I. Villa, D. A. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2153379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2153379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76366236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2143857
G. Devkar, V. K. Delhi, Vinod Ramanarayanan, Suchismita Goswami, T. A
{"title":"Improving access and quality of civic infrastructure and amenities: how effective are the different interventions? A synthesis of the findings from meta analysis studies","authors":"G. Devkar, V. K. Delhi, Vinod Ramanarayanan, Suchismita Goswami, T. A","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2143857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2143857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80276125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2137732
Sethunya Matenge, I. Sutarsa, E. Lancsar
ABSTRACT Women remain underrepresented in health leadership. Promoting women’s leadership in development has resulted in the proliferation of donor-supported leadership development initiatives to address barriers to women’s participation. There is limited evidence synthesis regarding their effectiveness. This scoping review aimed to summarise evidence regarding the efficacy of donor strategies in this field. Seven of 3365 studies were identified. Findings were overwhelmingly positive however there was an overreliance on anecdotal evidence, and short evaluation periods. Overall, evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of such initiatives. More robust evaluation designs are needed to determine best practices to overcome gender inequality in leadership.
{"title":"Effectiveness of donor supported leadership development interventions intended to promote women’s leadership in health in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review","authors":"Sethunya Matenge, I. Sutarsa, E. Lancsar","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2137732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2137732","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Women remain underrepresented in health leadership. Promoting women’s leadership in development has resulted in the proliferation of donor-supported leadership development initiatives to address barriers to women’s participation. There is limited evidence synthesis regarding their effectiveness. This scoping review aimed to summarise evidence regarding the efficacy of donor strategies in this field. Seven of 3365 studies were identified. Findings were overwhelmingly positive however there was an overreliance on anecdotal evidence, and short evaluation periods. Overall, evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of such initiatives. More robust evaluation designs are needed to determine best practices to overcome gender inequality in leadership.","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2137733
A. Acharya, D. Glandon, Jane Hammaker, E. Masset
ABSTRACT The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals are highly interdependent. Lasting progress towards these goals requires collaboration among actors operating in diverse sectors and thematic domains. Yet, multi-sectoral collaboration is complicated by a variety of factors that tend to incentivise siloed action organised around individual interventions and budgets. This paper presents an analytical framework based on the concept of “economies of scope” for assessing and enhancing the efficiency of development projects for which there is a joint production process. We focus on the use of fair cost sharing methods such as the Shapley Value to dis-incentivise actors operating in inefficient siloes.
{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis and joint public production of outputs for development: a preliminary framework","authors":"A. Acharya, D. Glandon, Jane Hammaker, E. Masset","doi":"10.1080/19439342.2022.2137733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2022.2137733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals are highly interdependent. Lasting progress towards these goals requires collaboration among actors operating in diverse sectors and thematic domains. Yet, multi-sectoral collaboration is complicated by a variety of factors that tend to incentivise siloed action organised around individual interventions and budgets. This paper presents an analytical framework based on the concept of “economies of scope” for assessing and enhancing the efficiency of development projects for which there is a joint production process. We focus on the use of fair cost sharing methods such as the Shapley Value to dis-incentivise actors operating in inefficient siloes.","PeriodicalId":46384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Effectiveness","volume":"28 1","pages":"17 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74846768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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