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Thailand’s vocational training and upward mobility: impact heterogeneities and policy implications 泰国的职业培训和向上流动:影响异质性和政策含义
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2089199
Patima Chongcharoentanawat, F. Gassmann, P. Mohnen
ABSTRACT Using quasi-experimental treatment effect methods with unique longitudinal survey data, the paper assesses the impact of vocational training on economic mobility in the short, medium and long term in Thailand. We find that vocational training does not affect upward mobility in terms of income, expenditure and employment. The analysis of the heterogeneity of effects suggests that women, rural residents, youth and elderly, low-educated workers, and economically inactive people benefit less from the vocational training. Computer training courses, training offered by private institutions or in public-private partnerships, and training financed by employers are associated with better outcomes.
本文采用准实验治疗效果方法,结合独特的纵向调查数据,评估了职业培训对泰国短期、中期和长期经济流动性的影响。我们发现职业培训在收入、支出和就业方面不影响向上流动。对影响异质性的分析表明,妇女、农村居民、青年和老年人、受教育程度低的工人和非经济活动人群从职业培训中获益较少。计算机培训课程、私人机构或公私合作提供的培训以及雇主资助的培训效果更好。
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引用次数: 0
Improving microcredit and firm performance in Jamaica: a case study of the development bank of Jamaica 改善牙买加小额信贷和企业绩效:以牙买加发展银行为例
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2078859
J. Novignon
ABSTRACT While micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) have been identified as major economic drivers, they continue to face substantial financial constraints that limit their performance. The Impact Financing Envelope (IFE) of the European Investment Bank (EIB) seeks to improve credit access across developing countries through institutions such as the Development Bank of Jamaica (DBJ). This study sought to examine the ultimate impact of EIB funding through the DBJ on final beneficiaries (MSMEs) in Jamaica. Data was collected from 426 sampled final beneficiaries of the DBJ programme. To estimate the impact of credit received from microfinance institutions on the performance (sales/profits) of MSMEs, we used the instrumental variable (IV) technique, recognising potential endogeneity problems in our variable of interest (credit amount received). We also disaggregate our findings by loan recency, sex, and age of owners. The results generally indicate that the amount of credit obtained is positively associated with the performance of MSMEs. A 1% increase in the credit amount received is associated with a 0.226% increase in firm profits. The effect is lower for female-owned than for male-owned businesses and is significant only for MSMEs whose most recent credit was received within a year of the survey.
虽然微型、小型和中型企业(MSMEs)已被确定为主要的经济驱动力,但它们仍然面临严重的财务约束,限制了它们的表现。欧洲投资银行(EIB)的影响融资包(IFE)旨在通过牙买加开发银行(DBJ)等机构改善发展中国家的信贷获取。本研究旨在考察欧洲投资银行通过DBJ提供的资金对牙买加最终受益者(中小微企业)的最终影响。从DBJ计划的426个抽样最终受益人中收集数据。为了估计从小额信贷机构获得的信贷对中小微企业业绩(销售/利润)的影响,我们使用了工具变量(IV)技术,认识到我们感兴趣的变量(收到的信贷金额)中的潜在内生性问题。我们还根据贷款的近代性、性别和所有者的年龄对我们的调查结果进行了分类。结果普遍表明,获得的信贷金额与中小微企业的绩效呈正相关。收到的信贷金额每增加1%,公司利润就会增加0.226%。女性拥有的企业的影响低于男性拥有的企业,只有在调查后一年内获得最近一次信贷的微型中小企业才有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Providing academic opportunities to vulnerable adolescents: a randomised evaluation of privately managed tuition-free middle schools in Uruguay 为弱势青少年提供学习机会:对乌拉圭私立免学费中学的随机评估
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2070236
A. Balsa, Alejandro Cid, Ana Laura Zardo
ABSTRACT We conducted a randomised evaluation of three privately managed middle schools in Uruguay aimed at providing education opportunities to adolescents from low income socioeconomic status. At 3-year follow-up, treatment students fare better in terms of academic promotion and school retention. Students in treatment schools present also better mental health, as represented by lower rates of internalising behaviours and social problems than students in the control group. Our findings suggest that a culture of high expectations, a caring and disciplined school climate, and parental involvement in school could account for some of the observed differences in academic trajectories and mental health.
我们对乌拉圭三所私立中学进行了随机评估,旨在为低收入社会经济地位的青少年提供教育机会。在3年的随访中,接受治疗的学生在学业提升和留校方面表现更好。治疗学校的学生也表现出更好的心理健康,内化行为和社会问题的发生率低于对照组的学生。我们的研究结果表明,高期望的文化、关怀和纪律严明的学校氛围以及父母对学校的参与,可以解释在学业轨迹和心理健康方面观察到的一些差异。
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引用次数: 0
Stuck in the middle school rut: can anything improve academic achievement in rural Chinese middle schools? 中学墨守成规:有什么办法能提高中国农村中学的学习成绩吗?
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2067890
Fei Qin, Huanmin Hu, Prashant Loyalka, Sarah-Eve Dill, S. Rozelle
ABSTRACT Academic achievement in middle schools in rural China remains poor for many students. This study examines whether programmes and interventions can improve academic achievement by reviewing rigorous experimental evaluations of nine programmes (11 interventions) on 47,480 rural middle school students in China. The results find none of the interventions improved academic achievement. Moreover, we find no evidence for heterogeneous treatment effects by student gender, age or previous academic achievement. These results may be due in part to the academically-demanding nature of the middle school curriculum, which is applied universally to students with varying levels of cognitive ability.
中国农村中学生的学习成绩仍然很差。本研究通过对中国47,480名农村中学生的9个方案(11个干预措施)进行严格的实验评估,探讨了方案和干预措施是否能提高学习成绩。结果发现,没有任何干预措施能提高学业成绩。此外,我们没有发现学生性别、年龄或以前的学习成绩对治疗效果有异质影响的证据。这些结果可能部分是由于中学课程的学术要求,这是普遍适用于不同认知能力水平的学生。
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引用次数: 0
Building community engagement and teacher support in education: qualitative findings from process evaluations in two exceptional settings 在教育中建立社区参与和教师支持:两种特殊情况下过程评估的定性发现
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-04-27 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2067889
A. Coombes, Oriana Ponta
ABSTRACT This paper presents findings from a qualitative evaluation of Caritas’ Essence of Learning programme, which provides educational and psychosocial support to children in exceptional living situations. We analyse approaches to community and teacher engagement for: (1) a pilot programme in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh and (2) an established, government-partnered programme serving Roma children in Satu Mare, Romania. The results indicate that ongoing community engagement is a necessary condition. Moreover, local ownership and continuous staff mentorship are key to programme quality. The paper discusses practical approaches to community engagement and how findings can be applied to emergency education.
摘要:本文介绍了明爱“学习的本质”项目的定性评估结果,该项目为特殊生活情况下的儿童提供教育和社会心理支持。我们分析了社区和教师参与的方法:(1)在孟加拉国罗兴亚难民营的试点项目;(2)在罗马尼亚萨图马雷(Satu Mare)为罗姆儿童服务的政府合作项目。结果表明,持续的社区参与是一个必要条件。此外,当地所有权和持续的工作人员指导是方案质量的关键。本文讨论了社区参与的实际方法以及如何将研究结果应用于应急教育。
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引用次数: 2
A social network analysis to determine success factors of food security innovations in Tanzania 确定坦桑尼亚粮食安全创新成功因素的社会网络分析
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-04-14 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2063363
Ernestine Mefor, B. Schröter, F. Graef, Estephania Delgadillo
ABSTRACT To improve resistance to upcoming vulnerabilities to climate change and cope with rising food demand smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa need to upgrade their local food systems. Upgrading strategies (UPS) within existing food value chains have the potential to secure food at the local to regional level. In this paper, we determined the roles of actors and their interlinkages and motivations in UPS, and identified possible success factors of group performance within different UPS in Tanzania: a) tied ridges, b) optimised market-oriented grain storage, c) maize sheller and d) millet thresher. We used individual interviews, via the social network analysis tool Net-Map, as well as focus group discussions. The results show that actors’ motivations for participating in a UPS group differed between groups and between actors. Important success factors derived from these findings were favorable village locations followed by sociability and personal contact among stakeholders and with researchers. These results provide the basis for future strategic planning that will enhance participation and a potential up-scaling.
为了提高对即将到来的气候变化脆弱性的抵抗力,并应对不断增长的粮食需求,撒哈拉以南非洲地区的小农需要升级其当地粮食系统。现有粮食价值链中的升级战略(UPS)有可能在地方到区域一级确保粮食安全。在本文中,我们确定了参与者在UPS中的角色及其相互联系和动机,并确定了坦桑尼亚不同UPS中群体绩效的可能成功因素:a)捆绑山脊,b)优化市场化粮食储存,c)玉米脱壳机和d)谷子脱粒机。我们通过社交网络分析工具Net-Map进行个人访谈,以及焦点小组讨论。结果表明,演员参与UPS小组的动机在小组之间和演员之间存在差异。从这些发现中得出的重要成功因素是有利的村庄位置,其次是利益相关者之间以及与研究人员之间的社交和个人接触。这些结果为今后的战略规划提供了基础,这些规划将加强参与并可能扩大规模。
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引用次数: 0
Do conditional cash transfers improve antenatal care outcomes in Senegal? Combining non-experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations 有条件现金转移是否改善了塞内加尔的产前保健结果?结合非实验和准实验评估
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2047764
Frieda Vandeninden, F. Fecher
ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the effects of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) on antenatal consultations in Senegal. We conduct a non-experimental and a quasi-experimental evaluations, in which the control group is constructed using a propensity score matching method. While the non-experimental approach alone does not allow to conclude on the impact of the CCT, the quasi-experimental approach reveals that the CCT significatively increases antenatal consultations of beneficiaries. The combination of non-experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations has the potential to offer evaluation of social policies in a cost-effective way, using existing information, such as administrative data and already-collected survey data.
摘要:本文评估了有条件现金转移(CCT)对塞内加尔产前咨询的影响。我们进行了非实验和准实验评估,其中使用倾向得分匹配方法构建对照组。虽然非实验方法本身不能得出有条件现金援助影响的结论,但准实验方法表明,有条件现金援助显着增加了受益人的产前咨询。非实验评价和准实验评价相结合,有可能利用行政数据和已收集的调查数据等现有资料,以具有成本效益的方式对社会政策进行评价。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring non-monetary poverty in the coffee heartlands of Laos and Rwanda: comparing MPI and EDI frameworks 衡量老挝和卢旺达咖啡中心地区的非货币性贫困:比较MPI和EDI框架
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2047765
Patrick Illien, E. Birachi, Maliphone Douangphachanh, Saithong Phommavong, Christoph Bader, Sabin Bieri
ABSTRACT Poverty reduction is a key objective of development interventions. Evaluating the effectiveness of policies and programmes thus requires practical, reliable and context-relevant measures of poverty. This article is the first to compare the new Extreme Deprivation Index (EDI) framework with the increasingly used global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) framework. Locally adapted versions of both non-monetary poverty measures were calculated for each household using an original survey in Rwanda’s main coffee-producing region (a high deprivation context) and another in Laos’s main coffee-producing region (a relatively low deprivation context). We examine the resulting poverty profiles and discuss implications for policy design and evaluation. We find that, despite limited overlap, in both contexts each index identifies households that are consistently worse off on multiple key markers of poverty and can therefore be considered valid measures. In addition, known key markers of poverty can predict adjusted global MPI status better than EDI status in Laos, whereas the EDI framework performs best in Rwanda. We conclude that the EDI framework provides a quick and reliable way to identify households with very low standards of living in high deprivation contexts. It is particularly useful for programmes with limited resources operating in comparatively poor rural settings.
减贫是发展干预措施的一个关键目标。因此,评价政策和方案的有效性需要实际、可靠和与具体情况有关的贫穷措施。本文首次将新的极端贫困指数(EDI)框架与日益广泛使用的全球多维贫困指数(MPI)框架进行了比较。在卢旺达主要咖啡产区(贫困程度较高)和老挝主要咖啡产区(贫困程度相对较低)的原始调查中,为每个家庭计算了两种非货币贫困措施的本地调整版本。我们研究了由此产生的贫困概况,并讨论了对政策设计和评估的影响。我们发现,尽管有有限的重叠,但在这两种情况下,每个指数都确定了在多个关键贫困指标上持续恶化的家庭,因此可以被视为有效的衡量标准。此外,在老挝,已知的关键贫困指标可以比EDI更好地预测调整后的全球MPI状况,而EDI框架在卢旺达表现最好。我们的结论是,EDI框架提供了一种快速可靠的方法来识别在高度贫困环境中生活水平非常低的家庭。它对在相对贫穷的农村环境中执行的资源有限的方案特别有用。
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引用次数: 2
Harnessing cost data to improve early grade reading: cost evidence from a large-scale literacy initiative in Pakistan 利用成本数据提高低年级阅读水平:来自巴基斯坦大规模扫盲行动的成本证据
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2034915
E. Byrne, Caitlin Tulloch, Naeem Sohail, Silvia Diazgranados Ferráns
ABSTRACT Understanding the resources needed to deliver literacy programmes at scale is critical for improving global education. We estimate the cost of early grade literacy interventions delivered at scale in government schools in Pakistan, including several teacher professional development interventions and a suite of reading materials including tablets, workbooks, readers, and libraries. The entire package cost approximately $1,531 (2019 USD) per school. Over two years of programme delivery, the primary cost driver of this literacy programme was the management, operations, and coordination costs that enabled each component; these amounted to $765 per school, or half of the total cost. Quarterly school support visits (that is, coaching) for teachers were roughly twice the cost of face-to-face trainings and were only slightly higher cost than monthly teacher inquiry groups (that is, learning circles). Using these cost estimates, we present a framework for maximising cost-effectiveness of early grade literacy programmes by using the cost of each component to set thresholds of the relative impact on student literacy that each component should deliver to be worth the cost. These incremental cost estimates of specific interventions were utilised by the government to budget for and take up components of this literacy programme.
了解大规模实施扫盲计划所需的资源对于改善全球教育至关重要。我们估计了在巴基斯坦政府学校大规模实施的早期识字干预措施的成本,包括几项教师专业发展干预措施和一套阅读材料,包括平板电脑、作业本、阅读器和图书馆。整个套餐的费用约为每所学校1531美元(2019美元)。在两年的方案执行过程中,这个扫盲方案的主要成本驱动因素是使每个组成部分得以实现的管理、业务和协调成本;这些费用相当于每所学校765美元,占总费用的一半。每季度对教师进行学校支持访问(即辅导)的成本大约是面对面培训的两倍,仅略高于每月教师调查小组(即学习圈)的成本。利用这些成本估算,我们提出了一个框架,通过使用每个组成部分的成本来设定对学生读写能力的相对影响的阈值,从而使早期识字计划的成本效益最大化。政府利用这些具体干预措施的增量成本估算来为扫盲计划的组成部分编制预算。
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引用次数: 0
The State of Cost-Effectiveness Guidance: Ten Best Resources for CEA in Impact Evaluations 成本效益指导的现状:影响评价中CEA的十大最佳资源
IF 0.9 4区 经济学 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/19439342.2022.2034916
D. Glandon, Sam Fishman, Caitlin Tulloch, Radhika Bhula, G. Morgan, Shahana Hirji, Liz Brown
ABSTRACT Despite policymaker demand, cost evidence is infrequently included in impact evaluations (IEs) in LMICs. This article provides a curated list of resources for researchers and practitioners who would like to incorporate cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) into an IE. We identified 1402 resources through systematic searching of peer-reviewed and grey literature, crowd-sourcing and depersonalised Google keyword searches. Resources were screened over two rounds based on their relevance to guide or inform researchers seeking to incorporate CEA into an IE. The ‘10 best’ were selected based on their usefulness; user-friendliness ; generalisability across contexts; free availability online; and to balance resources across multiple stages of CEA implementation.
尽管决策者有需求,但在中低收入国家的影响评估(IEs)中很少包含成本证据。本文为希望将成本效益分析(CEA)纳入IE的研究人员和实践者提供了一个精心策划的资源列表。我们通过系统地搜索同行评审和灰色文献、众包和非个性化的谷歌关键字搜索,确定了1402种资源。资源根据其相关性进行了两轮筛选,以指导或告知寻求将CEA纳入IE的研究人员。“10个最佳”是根据它们的实用性选出的;用户友好性;跨上下文的概括性;免费在线获取;并在CEA实施的多个阶段平衡资源。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Development Effectiveness
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