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Metal burial: Understanding caching behaviour and contact material culture in Australia's NE Kimberley 金属埋葬:了解贮藏行为和接触物质文化在澳大利亚新金伯利
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/1469605321993277
S. Harper, Ian Waina, A. Chalarimeri, Sven Ouzman, M. Porr, P. Heaney, P. Veth, K. Akerman
This paper explores identity and the recursive impacts of cross-cultural colonial encounters on individuals, cultural materials, and cultural practices in 20th-century northern Australia. We focus on an assemblage of cached metal objects and associated cultural materials that embody both Aboriginal tradition and innovation. These cultural materials were wrapped in paperbark and placed within a ring of stones, a bundling practice also seen in human burials in this region. This ‘cache' is located in close proximity to rockshelters with rich, superimposed Aboriginal rock art compositions. However, the cache shelter has no visible art, despite available wall space. The site shows the utilisation of metal objects as new raw materials that use traditional techniques to manufacture a ground edge metal axe and to sharpen metal rods into spears. We contextualise these objects and their hypothesised owner(s) within narratives of invasion/contact and the ensuing pastoral history of this region. Assemblage theory affords us an appropriate theoretical lens through which to bring people, places, objects, and time into conversation.
本文探讨了20世纪澳大利亚北部的身份认同以及跨文化殖民遭遇对个人、文化材料和文化实践的递归影响。我们专注于缓存的金属物品和相关文化材料的组合,这些材料既体现了原住民的传统,又体现了创新。这些文化材料用树皮包裹,放在一圈石头里,这种捆绑做法也见于该地区的人类墓葬。这个“储藏室”位于岩石避难所附近,那里有丰富的叠加原住民岩石艺术作品。然而,尽管有可用的墙壁空间,缓存避难所并没有可见的艺术。该网站展示了利用金属物体作为新的原材料,使用传统技术制造磨边金属斧,并将金属棒磨成长矛。我们将这些物体及其假设的主人置于入侵/接触的叙事中,并讲述该地区随后的田园历史。集合理论为我们提供了一个合适的理论视角,通过它可以将人、地点、物体和时间带入对话。
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引用次数: 0
The phantom Mausoleum: Contemporary local heritages of a wonder of the ancient world in Bodrum, Turkey 幻影陵墓:土耳其博德鲁姆古代世界奇观的当代地方遗产
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/1469605321990454
T. Kristensen, Vinnie Nørskov, G. Bozoglu
The Mausoleum of Halikarnassos (modern Bodrum, Turkey) is one of the wonders of the ancient world, although little remains above ground to give visitors a sense of its original grandeur. While previous scholarship has studied the Mausoleum’s place within the canon of classical Greek art, this paper identifies specifically local perceptions of the monument through interviews with residents of Bodrum, exploring how different images, values and futures are projected onto the archaeological site, in conversation with both national and local discourses of the past. The responses of local inhabitants, living in an Aegean town dramatically transformed by mass tourism, urbanisation and migration, encompass being underwhelmed, pragmatically interested in the monument’s economic potential, or proud of its status, fuelled by the local discourses of “Blue Anatolianism” and “Karianism”. We argue that these influential discourses allow different heritage actors to turn the Mausoleum into a specific kind of locally rooted “heritage capital” and to negotiate a distinctive identity for the monument’s otherwise ambiguous position within the landscape of Turkish national heritage.
Halikarnassos陵墓(现代土耳其博德鲁姆)是古代世界的奇迹之一,尽管地面上几乎没有留下什么遗迹,让游客感受到它最初的宏伟。虽然之前的学者研究了陵墓在希腊古典艺术经典中的地位,但本文通过采访博德鲁姆的居民,探索不同的图像、价值观和未来是如何投射到考古遗址上的,并与过去的国家和地方话语进行对话,从而具体确定了当地对纪念碑的看法。生活在爱琴海小镇上的当地居民的反应是,在“蓝色安纳托利亚主义”和“卡里亚主义”的当地话语的推动下,他们对纪念碑的经济潜力感到失望、务实感兴趣,或为其地位感到自豪。我们认为,这些有影响力的话语允许不同的遗产行动者将陵墓变成一种特定的植根于当地的“遗产之都”,并为纪念碑在土耳其国家遗产景观中的模糊地位协商一个独特的身份。
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引用次数: 0
Itineraries, iconoclasm, and the pragmatics of heritage 行程,打破传统,和遗产的语用学
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320969097
Alexander Bauer
Recent calls across the world for removing monuments to White supremacy have brought widespread attention to the power of images and the role of heritage in society. A more careful examination of heritage’s itineraries and pragmatics—its practical effects—is thus warranted. This paper interrogates the pragmatics of heritage in two ways. First, what are the discourses and rhetorics of heritage—how is heritage invoked and talked about, like a sign of history, in making statements about the world? Second, what does heritage do, as a sign in history, when it is invoked, encountered, and circulated? What does heritage activate, and what are the practical effects of its itineraries? Drawing on the examples of the return of the Euphronios krater to Italy and the removal of Confederate and racist monuments in the US and elsewhere, I argue that while operating in these two modes—as signs of and in history—heritage’s greatest potential for transformational change is when it ceases acting as a rhetorical device and instead becomes itself the center of experiential social action.
最近世界各地呼吁拆除白人至上主义纪念碑的呼声,引起了人们对图像的力量和遗产在社会中的作用的广泛关注。因此,对遗产的行程和实用主义——其实际效果——进行更仔细的检查是必要的。本文从两个方面对遗产的语用学进行了探讨。首先,遗产的话语和修辞是什么——遗产是如何被引用和谈论的,就像历史的标志一样,在对世界的陈述中?第二,遗产作为一种历史符号,在被唤起、遭遇和传播的过程中起到了什么作用?遗产激活了什么,其行程的实际效果是什么?以Euphronios krater返回意大利以及美国和其他地方南部邦联和种族主义纪念碑的移除为例,我认为,在这两种模式下运作时——作为历史的标志和历史的标志——遗产最大的转型变化潜力是当它不再作为一种修辞手段而成为经验社会行动的中心时。
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引用次数: 7
Propinquity through dwelling: Living in evacuee properties after the Partition of India and Pakistan 通过居住接近:在印度和巴基斯坦分治后,居住在撤离者的财产中
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320954010
Zahida Rehman Jatt, Erin P Riggs
How quickly can displaced peoples develop meaningful ties to new locations and what material forms facilitate such connections? In this paper, we provide a discussion of post-displacement topophilia (attachment to place). As a case study, we focus on the migration of the Sharif family who fled from India to Pakistan during the 1947 Partition. The Sharif family fundamentally lost their home and faced threats as they migrated past socio-politically opposed migrant groups moving in the opposite direction. They then resettled into the places abandoned by these “enemies” while these “enemies” resettled within the village they left behind. Through this example, we consider the effects of propinquity though dwelling—a closeness and empathy born from a shared familiarity with a dwelling place. We acknowledge that when multiple groups have ties to the same location, contention often ensues. However, we argue that when peoples become intimately familiar with one another’s dwelling spaces, the result is often mutual respect and understanding.
流离失所者与新地点建立有意义的联系的速度有多快?哪些物质形式促进了这种联系?在这篇论文中,我们讨论了流离失所后的恋地癖。作为一个案例研究,我们关注1947年分治期间从印度逃到巴基斯坦的谢里夫家族的移民问题。Sharif一家从根本上失去了家园,并面临着威胁,因为他们越过了社会政治对立的移民群体,朝着相反的方向迁移。然后,他们重新安置在这些“敌人”遗弃的地方,而这些“敌人们”则在他们留下的村庄内重新安置。通过这个例子,我们考虑了居住中的亲近感的影响——一种由对居住场所的共同熟悉而产生的亲密感和同理心。我们承认,当多个群体与同一地点有联系时,往往会引发争论。然而,我们认为,当人们对彼此的居住空间变得非常熟悉时,结果往往是相互尊重和理解。
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引用次数: 1
Changing how archaeology is done in Native American contexts: An Ndee (Apache) case study 改变在美洲原住民背景下考古的方式:Ndee(Apache)案例研究
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320945469
Nicholas C. Laluk
The White Mountain Apache Tribe Cultural Heritage Resource Best Management Practices (WMATCHRBMPs) present and delineate in guideline form cultural heritage resource definitions, management, and necessary steps before, during, and after project implementation for any ground-disturbing projects potentially adversely affecting cultural heritage resources on Ndee (Apache) trust lands. However, since the tribe’s adoption of the practices, the application of Ndee tenets found within the guidelines to real-world cultural and archaeological methods and practices remains scant. Embedded in the Ndee cultural tenets is the tenet of “respect,” which I will argue can be used as a tool by non-Ndee researchers to critically reflect on their own research agendas and to guide research projects with Ndee communities. By foregrounding respect within various ongoing archaeological project-related occurrences, contemporary Ndee experiences, defining Ndee material trait lists, superiority statements, archaeological categorizations, and stereotypical underpinnings, better paths forward for collaborative research with Ndee and other Native American communities can be highlighted.
White Mountain Apache部落文化遗产资源最佳管理实践(WMATCHRBMP。然而,自从部落采用这些做法以来,指南中发现的Ndee原则在现实世界的文化和考古方法和做法中的应用仍然很少。“尊重”原则植根于恩德人的文化信条中,我认为非恩德人研究人员可以将其作为一种工具,批判性地反思自己的研究议程,并指导恩德人社区的研究项目。通过在各种正在进行的考古项目相关事件、当代Ndee经历中强调尊重,定义Ndee物质特征列表、优势陈述、考古分类和刻板印象基础,可以突出与Ndee和其他美洲原住民社区合作研究的更好道路。
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引用次数: 2
Metal detecting as a social formation: A longitudinal survey study from Finland 金属探测作为一种社会形态:来自芬兰的纵向调查研究
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-07-26 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320943737
Visa Immonen, Joonas Kinnunen
The hobby of metal detecting has mostly been examined from the perspectives of archaeology and heritage administration. Although fulfilling archaeological needs, such an approach neglects the social analysis of this pastime. In 2019, we conducted a survey of metal detector enthusiasts and heritage professionals in Finland, the results of which are compared with those of a corresponding survey carried out in 2014. Within five years, metal detecting has become an established practice, and following the Finnish custom, registered associations for amateurs have emerged to organize the field. This longitudinal survey highlights its importance to civil society, with regard to the ways in which metal detecting develops as a hobby and as a means for amateurs to engage with heritage management.
金属探测的爱好大多从考古学和遗产管理的角度进行了研究。这种方法虽然满足了考古的需要,却忽略了对这种消遣的社会分析。2019年,我们对芬兰的金属探测器爱好者和遗产专业人士进行了一项调查,并将调查结果与2014年进行的相应调查结果进行了比较。在五年内,金属探测已经成为一种既定的做法,并遵循芬兰的习俗,成立了注册的业余爱好者协会来组织这一领域。这项纵向调查强调了它对民间社会的重要性,即金属探测是如何发展成为一种爱好和业余爱好者参与遗产管理的一种手段的。
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引用次数: 7
The time of the past: Exploring the rhythms of a pre-Hispanic urban settlement in the coastal Andes (AD 550–850) 过去的时代:探索安第斯海岸前西班牙裔城市定居点的节奏(公元550–850年)
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320942188
Francesca Fernandini Parodi
As archaeologists we experience past time in the present, challenging linear time as we deal with the remains of different moments, events and people. This multi-scalar approach to time stimulates a flexible discussion of the past, understanding it not only in the absolute way provided by calendric dates, but also enmeshed within events and anchored by layers that were lived thousands of years ago. In this article, we will explore the notions of time of the people living in a densely populated settlement in the coastal Andes (AD 550–850), by focusing on the seasonality of quotidian practices, on cyclic constructive events and on the recurrent interment of people within residences.
作为考古学家,我们在处理不同时刻、事件和人的遗迹时,经历了过去的时间和现在的时间,挑战了线性时间。这种对时间的多标量方法激发了对过去的灵活讨论,不仅以日历日期提供的绝对方式理解过去,而且还融入了数千年前的事件中,并由生活在其中的层所锚定。在这篇文章中,我们将通过关注日常生活的季节性、周期性的建设性事件以及人们在住宅内的反复安葬,来探索居住在安第斯海岸人口稠密的定居点(公元550–850年)的人们的时间观念。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a Prosthetic Archaeology 走向假肢考古学
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320937530
Monika Stobiecka
Prosthetic archaeology is a theoretical proposal for a materially oriented digital practice. It is based on a critical approach to implementing the latest technologies in archaeology. Drawing from the philosophy of technology and prosthetic studies, this project offers a more critical and meaningful understanding of digital methods in archaeology. The main interpretative figure is the verb “to prostheticize.” Thus, prosthetic archaeology is not solely about prostheses — technological improvements understood as supplements. Rather, it is about the processes of “prostheticizing” archaeology, brought on by the digital turn in “the discipline of things.” A verbal understanding of this main category and its processual potential allows for a technological prosthesis to function as an active addition that does, makes, transforms, refers, evokes, (re)constructs, and generates meanings. The concept of prosthetic archaeology is illustrated with a discussion of the “Body Can’t Wait” advertising campaign organized in Paris, March 2018, where ancient and neoclassical sculptures were equipped with 3D-printed artificial limbs. Inspired by an advertising campaign that uses technology to raise social awareness and engage in current global problems, prosthetic archaeology may offer a prefigurative blueprint for a future, radical archaeology.
假肢考古是一种面向物质的数字化实践的理论建议。它是基于一个关键的方法来实施最新的考古技术。该项目借鉴了技术和假肢研究的哲学,为考古学中的数字方法提供了更批判性和更有意义的理解。主要的解释性形象是动词“修复”。因此,假体考古学不仅仅是关于假体的——技术进步被理解为补充。更确切地说,它是关于考古“修复”的过程,这是由“物的学科”的数字化转变所带来的。对这一主要类别及其过程潜力的口头理解允许技术假体作为一种积极的补充来发挥作用,它可以做、制造、转换、引用、唤起、(重新)构建和产生意义。通过对2018年3月在巴黎举办的“身体不能等待”广告活动的讨论,可以说明假肢考古学的概念,其中古代和新古典主义雕塑配备了3d打印的假肢。一场利用科技提高社会意识、参与当前全球问题的广告活动的灵感来自假肢考古学,它可能为未来的激进考古学提供了一幅预示性的蓝图。
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引用次数: 2
Landscapes of movement on lowcountry rice plantations 低地水稻种植园的移动景观
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/1469605320937195
Emily A. Schwalbe
Navigable waterways were essential to European colonization of the South Carolina Lowcountry beginning in the late 17th century. Despite early attempts by colonial leaders to keep land grants within close proximity to Charleston, colonists quickly began to establish plantations where the land was amenable for commodity production and scattered throughout the region. Consequently, colonists and enslaved individuals utilized navigable waterways by extending the built environment into the water through wharves, landings, and watercraft, as well as modifying the waterways themselves for irrigation, agriculture, and mobility. Despite the importance of waterways in the function of plantations, most landscape studies have focused on terrestrial contexts. This paper proposes that waterway assemblages should be integrated into plantation landscape studies as a means of understanding the role of movement in commodity production, surveillance, and communication to better reconstruct everyday life, focusing on the preliminary remote sensing fieldwork of two antebellum plantation waterfronts as case studies.
从17世纪末开始,可航行的水道对欧洲对南卡罗来纳州低地的殖民至关重要。尽管殖民地领导人早期试图在查尔斯顿附近保留土地,但殖民者很快开始建立种植园,在那里土地适合商品生产,并分散在整个地区。因此,殖民者和被奴役的个人通过码头、码头和船只将建造的环境延伸到水中,并为灌溉、农业和流动性改造水道,从而利用可通航的水道。尽管水道在种植园的功能中很重要,但大多数景观研究都集中在陆地环境上。本文提出,应将水道组合纳入种植园景观研究,以了解运动在商品生产、监测和通信中的作用,从而更好地重建日常生活,重点是以南北战争前两个种植园海滨的初步遥感实地调查为例进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
A bureaucracy of care in managing Hampi World Heritage Site 管理汉比世界遗产的官僚主义
IF 1.2 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/1469605319893532
K. Rajangam
In this paper I examine the ‘heritage regime’ instituted at Hampi, Karnataka, India, consequent to its inscription as World Heritage, by analysing everyday material practices of conservation-management at the site through the lens of ‘care’. I argue that the regime is undoubtedly a bureaucracy as popularly imagined – but of care premised on knowledge and not of apathy. I suggest that various ongoing contestations amongst social actors are over the appropriateness of care, based on a particular visual aesthetic, which results in spatio-temporal material alienation of resident communities. Confusing consequence for cause, practice seeks to ‘engage’ with people whose alienation from ‘official’ heritage they are party to inevitably leads to everyday ‘heartbreak’ for experts, disillusionment among residents, and a conflicted position for local heritage agencies, albeit unintentionally.
在这篇论文中,我通过从“关怀”的角度分析该遗址保护管理的日常物质实践,研究了印度卡纳塔克邦汉皮市因被列入世界遗产而建立的“遗产制度”。我认为,这个政权无疑是一个普遍想象中的官僚机构——但它的关心是以知识为前提的,而不是冷漠。我认为,社会行动者之间正在进行的各种争论是基于特定视觉美学的护理的适当性,这导致了居民社区的时空物质异化。令人困惑的是,这种做法试图与那些与他们所属的“官方”遗产疏远的人“接触”,这不可避免地会导致专家每天的“心碎”、居民的幻灭,以及当地遗产机构的矛盾立场,尽管这是无意的。
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引用次数: 4
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Journal of Social Archaeology
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