Pub Date : 2018-08-16DOI: 10.1177/1469605318793798
Michèle Hayeur-Smith, G. Lucas, Q. Mould
Studies in masculinity have lagged behind in the field of gender studies though recent scholarship is making up for this disparity. In this paper, we tackle the question of masculinity and modernity in early modern Iceland through an analysis of archaeological material relating to dress from the site of an Icelandic bishopric and school, Skálholt, during the late 17th and 18th centuries. We explore both the symbolic and performative dimensions of dress in relation to masculinity as it is traversed by other facets of identity including status, nationalism, and calling. An important focus of our study is to unravel the subtle negotiations that are evident in dress and linked to the performative construction of different and sometimes competing masculinities. Tensions between Lutheran ideals, nationalistic pride in homespun and elite status, and more generally between clerical and nonclerical masculinities can all be seen in the way dress and dress accessories are made to work.
{"title":"Men in Black: Performing masculinity in 17th- and 18th-century Iceland","authors":"Michèle Hayeur-Smith, G. Lucas, Q. Mould","doi":"10.1177/1469605318793798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318793798","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in masculinity have lagged behind in the field of gender studies though recent scholarship is making up for this disparity. In this paper, we tackle the question of masculinity and modernity in early modern Iceland through an analysis of archaeological material relating to dress from the site of an Icelandic bishopric and school, Skálholt, during the late 17th and 18th centuries. We explore both the symbolic and performative dimensions of dress in relation to masculinity as it is traversed by other facets of identity including status, nationalism, and calling. An important focus of our study is to unravel the subtle negotiations that are evident in dress and linked to the performative construction of different and sometimes competing masculinities. Tensions between Lutheran ideals, nationalistic pride in homespun and elite status, and more generally between clerical and nonclerical masculinities can all be seen in the way dress and dress accessories are made to work.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"19 1","pages":"229 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318793798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-27DOI: 10.1177/1469605318771828
C. Luke
The district of Novi Pazar in southwestern Serbia offers an ideal case study to explore heritage and diplomacy. By analyzing processes of Europeanization and perceptions of Neo-Ottomanism in heritage practices, the article demonstrates how past, present, and future plans for South East Europe are embroiled in development trajectories that encompass partners from not only Europe and Turkey but also the United States, Asia, and the Middle East. The World Heritage Center at UNESCO and its partner organization, International Council on Monuments and Sites, hold firm commitments to the Christian identities of Stari Ras and Sopoćani and legacies of medieval Raška as well as the legacies of Imperial Rome. Yet, they operate in a vacuum, neglecting to consider the hyper-connectivity that is transforming not only the physical landscapes of the region and the revitalization of Sandžak and Islamic identities but also the corporate and diplomatic spheres of transnational and multidimensional interests.
{"title":"Heritage interests: Americanism, Europeanism and Neo-Ottomanism","authors":"C. Luke","doi":"10.1177/1469605318771828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318771828","url":null,"abstract":"The district of Novi Pazar in southwestern Serbia offers an ideal case study to explore heritage and diplomacy. By analyzing processes of Europeanization and perceptions of Neo-Ottomanism in heritage practices, the article demonstrates how past, present, and future plans for South East Europe are embroiled in development trajectories that encompass partners from not only Europe and Turkey but also the United States, Asia, and the Middle East. The World Heritage Center at UNESCO and its partner organization, International Council on Monuments and Sites, hold firm commitments to the Christian identities of Stari Ras and Sopoćani and legacies of medieval Raška as well as the legacies of Imperial Rome. Yet, they operate in a vacuum, neglecting to consider the hyper-connectivity that is transforming not only the physical landscapes of the region and the revitalization of Sandžak and Islamic identities but also the corporate and diplomatic spheres of transnational and multidimensional interests.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"234 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318771828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46520423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-21DOI: 10.1177/1469605318765517
A. Teather
Over the past decade, event-based narratives have become a norm in discussions of the British Neolithic. Statistical analyses of radiocarbon dates, combined with a detailed approach to individual contexts, have produced chronological resolutions that have enabled a greater understanding of the construction and use of some monuments. While these have been informative, they sometimes manifest exclusionary nomenclature, with terms such as ‘outliers' and ‘residuality' applied to data that does not agree with other data. In addition, theoretical approaches have seen a similar turn to examine individual contexts and artefacts with which to describe Neolithic life. This paper argues that the current dominance of event-based narratives, extrapolated from small-scale action, is inadvertently ignoring evidence of wider cultural understandings. In particular, evidence of the deliberate inclusion of already old bone in Neolithic deposits has been identified. It is argued that this bone represents a particular past focus on already old material that may have had social currency in British Neolithic symbolic practices.
{"title":"Revealing a prehistoric past: Evidence for the deliberate construction of a historic narrative in the British Neolithic","authors":"A. Teather","doi":"10.1177/1469605318765517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318765517","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, event-based narratives have become a norm in discussions of the British Neolithic. Statistical analyses of radiocarbon dates, combined with a detailed approach to individual contexts, have produced chronological resolutions that have enabled a greater understanding of the construction and use of some monuments. While these have been informative, they sometimes manifest exclusionary nomenclature, with terms such as ‘outliers' and ‘residuality' applied to data that does not agree with other data. In addition, theoretical approaches have seen a similar turn to examine individual contexts and artefacts with which to describe Neolithic life. This paper argues that the current dominance of event-based narratives, extrapolated from small-scale action, is inadvertently ignoring evidence of wider cultural understandings. In particular, evidence of the deliberate inclusion of already old bone in Neolithic deposits has been identified. It is argued that this bone represents a particular past focus on already old material that may have had social currency in British Neolithic symbolic practices.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"193 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318765517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-16DOI: 10.1177/1469605318763623
Sofya Shahab, B. Isakhan
This article develops the conceptual framework of the ritualization of heritage destruction to analyse and interpret the targeting of pre-monotheistic heritage sites and artefacts by the Islamic State. It draws upon anthropological studies of initiation rituals in violent male cults alongside literature on heritage destruction to conduct a systematic analysis of key Islamic State propaganda outlets. The analysis reveals that the heritage destruction wrought by the Islamic State functions as part of a broader process of ritualization that is instrumental in forming bonds between members and ensuring their allegiance. Such rituals serve multiple purposes: they physically and ideologically separate new recruits from existing social norms and laws; they breed a deference to leadership and create a unified identity towards the potentiality of violence; and they situate heritage destruction itself within a complex symbolic kaleidoscope of prescribed actions and specific attire, invoking connections to an imagined past and repeating the actions of their forbearers. The article concludes by noting that such analysis of the ritualization of heritage destruction is not only vital to understanding how groups such as the Islamic State successfully transform ordinary young men into a violent jihadist communitas, but also in further understanding, and responding to, such attacks on heritage sites.
{"title":"The ritualization of heritage destruction under the Islamic State","authors":"Sofya Shahab, B. Isakhan","doi":"10.1177/1469605318763623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318763623","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops the conceptual framework of the ritualization of heritage destruction to analyse and interpret the targeting of pre-monotheistic heritage sites and artefacts by the Islamic State. It draws upon anthropological studies of initiation rituals in violent male cults alongside literature on heritage destruction to conduct a systematic analysis of key Islamic State propaganda outlets. The analysis reveals that the heritage destruction wrought by the Islamic State functions as part of a broader process of ritualization that is instrumental in forming bonds between members and ensuring their allegiance. Such rituals serve multiple purposes: they physically and ideologically separate new recruits from existing social norms and laws; they breed a deference to leadership and create a unified identity towards the potentiality of violence; and they situate heritage destruction itself within a complex symbolic kaleidoscope of prescribed actions and specific attire, invoking connections to an imagined past and repeating the actions of their forbearers. The article concludes by noting that such analysis of the ritualization of heritage destruction is not only vital to understanding how groups such as the Islamic State successfully transform ordinary young men into a violent jihadist communitas, but also in further understanding, and responding to, such attacks on heritage sites.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"212 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318763623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47350448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-09DOI: 10.1177/1469605318759713
C. Bonacchi, M. Altaweel, Marta Krzyzanska
This article assesses the role of the pre-modern past in the construction of political identities relating to the UK’s membership in the European Union by examining how materials and ideas from Iron Age to Early Medieval Britain and Europe were leveraged by those who discussed the topic of Brexit in over 1.4 million messages published in dedicated Facebook pages. Through a combination of data-intensive and qualitative investigations of textual data, we identify the ‘heritages’ invoked in support of pro- or anti-Brexit sentiments. We show how these heritages are centred around myths of origins, resistance and collapse that incorporate tensions and binary divisions. We highlight the strong influence of past expert practices in shaping such deeply entrenched dualistic thinking and reflect over the longue durée agency of heritage expertise. This is the first systematic study of public perceptions and experience of the past in contemporary society undertaken through digital heritage research fuelled by big data. As such, the article contributes novel methodological approaches and substantially advances theory in cultural heritage studies. It is also the first published work to analyse the role of heritage in the construction of political identities in relation to Brexit via extensive social research.
{"title":"The heritage of Brexit: Roles of the past in the construction of political identities through social media","authors":"C. Bonacchi, M. Altaweel, Marta Krzyzanska","doi":"10.1177/1469605318759713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318759713","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the role of the pre-modern past in the construction of political identities relating to the UK’s membership in the European Union by examining how materials and ideas from Iron Age to Early Medieval Britain and Europe were leveraged by those who discussed the topic of Brexit in over 1.4 million messages published in dedicated Facebook pages. Through a combination of data-intensive and qualitative investigations of textual data, we identify the ‘heritages’ invoked in support of pro- or anti-Brexit sentiments. We show how these heritages are centred around myths of origins, resistance and collapse that incorporate tensions and binary divisions. We highlight the strong influence of past expert practices in shaping such deeply entrenched dualistic thinking and reflect over the longue durée agency of heritage expertise. This is the first systematic study of public perceptions and experience of the past in contemporary society undertaken through digital heritage research fuelled by big data. As such, the article contributes novel methodological approaches and substantially advances theory in cultural heritage studies. It is also the first published work to analyse the role of heritage in the construction of political identities in relation to Brexit via extensive social research.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"174 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318759713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-20DOI: 10.1177/1469605318757340
Elisabeth Niklasson, Herdis Hølleland
The past 30 years have witnessed a radical shift in European politics, as new far-right wing parties have entered national parliaments. Driven by discontent, fear and the notion of cultural struggle, they have gradually come to twist the political conversation around their core issues. For many far-right parties, cultural heritage is one such issue. While this ought to put them on the radar of scholars studying heritage politics, the topic of far-right heritage policy remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to ignite this field of enquiry by taking a closer look at what far-right heritage policies actually look like. Focus is set on three Scandinavian far-right parties with seats in national parliaments: the Danish People’s Party, the Progress Party in Norway and the Sweden Democrats. By examining the notion of heritage put forth in their party manifestos and the heritage priorities expressed in their parliamentary budget proposals, we consider the weight of their rhetoric.
{"title":"The Scandinavian far-right and the new politicisation of heritage","authors":"Elisabeth Niklasson, Herdis Hølleland","doi":"10.1177/1469605318757340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318757340","url":null,"abstract":"The past 30 years have witnessed a radical shift in European politics, as new far-right wing parties have entered national parliaments. Driven by discontent, fear and the notion of cultural struggle, they have gradually come to twist the political conversation around their core issues. For many far-right parties, cultural heritage is one such issue. While this ought to put them on the radar of scholars studying heritage politics, the topic of far-right heritage policy remains largely unexplored. This article seeks to ignite this field of enquiry by taking a closer look at what far-right heritage policies actually look like. Focus is set on three Scandinavian far-right parties with seats in national parliaments: the Danish People’s Party, the Progress Party in Norway and the Sweden Democrats. By examining the notion of heritage put forth in their party manifestos and the heritage priorities expressed in their parliamentary budget proposals, we consider the weight of their rhetoric.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"121 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318757340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43668229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-19DOI: 10.1177/1469605318758406
Michael JE O’Rourke
In response to concerns regarding the social relevance of North American archaeology, it has been suggested that the tenets of ‘activist scholarship’ can provide a framework for a more publically engaged archaeological discipline. Maps have long been employed in the public dissemination of archaeological research results, but they can also play a role in enhancing public participation in heritage management initiatives. This article outlines how the goals of activist archaeology can be achieved through the mobilization of qualitative Geographic Information Systems practices, with an example of how ‘grounded visualization’ methods were employed in assessing the vulnerability of Inuvialuit cultural landscapes to the impacts of modern climate change.
{"title":"The map is not the territory: Applying qualitative Geographic Information Systems in the practice of activist archaeology","authors":"Michael JE O’Rourke","doi":"10.1177/1469605318758406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605318758406","url":null,"abstract":"In response to concerns regarding the social relevance of North American archaeology, it has been suggested that the tenets of ‘activist scholarship’ can provide a framework for a more publically engaged archaeological discipline. Maps have long been employed in the public dissemination of archaeological research results, but they can also play a role in enhancing public participation in heritage management initiatives. This article outlines how the goals of activist archaeology can be achieved through the mobilization of qualitative Geographic Information Systems practices, with an example of how ‘grounded visualization’ methods were employed in assessing the vulnerability of Inuvialuit cultural landscapes to the impacts of modern climate change.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"149 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605318758406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46786124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1469605317751171
Geoffroy Heimlich, J. L. Quellec, C. M. Nsangathi
In Kongo Central, rock art sites stretch from Kinshasa to the Atlantic coast and from northern Angola to southern Congo-Brazzaville. Preliminary research revealed one coherent entity situated north of the Kongo kingdom: the Lovo Massif, presently inhabited by the Ndibu, one of the Kongo subgroups. Comparison of the ethnological, historical, archaeological, and mythological points of view confirms that certain Kongo ritual and symbolic aspects are pre-Christian and refer to cosmogony, anthropogony, or narratives associated with the mythical origin of death. Investigating rock images allows us to better understand the link between the images, the myths, and their repercussions on the life of the Kongo today.
{"title":"Lovo, rock images, and mythology in the Land of the Kongo","authors":"Geoffroy Heimlich, J. L. Quellec, C. M. Nsangathi","doi":"10.1177/1469605317751171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605317751171","url":null,"abstract":"In Kongo Central, rock art sites stretch from Kinshasa to the Atlantic coast and from northern Angola to southern Congo-Brazzaville. Preliminary research revealed one coherent entity situated north of the Kongo kingdom: the Lovo Massif, presently inhabited by the Ndibu, one of the Kongo subgroups. Comparison of the ethnological, historical, archaeological, and mythological points of view confirms that certain Kongo ritual and symbolic aspects are pre-Christian and refer to cosmogony, anthropogony, or narratives associated with the mythical origin of death. Investigating rock images allows us to better understand the link between the images, the myths, and their repercussions on the life of the Kongo today.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"30 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605317751171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41553720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1469605317743809
M. Magnani, N. Magnani
Indigenous social movements contest histories of relocation, assimilation, and inequality. Archaeologists too have identified such processes in recent and deeper time. But what can ongoing sites of indigenous resistance tell us about those of the archaeological record, and what is the value in the present of linking such phenomena through time? The production of material culture embodies the motivations and constraints of these movements. Objects made and used promise to bridge temporalities, yet have been largely overlooked by anthropologists. To strengthen the ability to theorize such movements, we carry out an archaeological ethnography with the Skolt Sámi community of Arctic Finland. We focus our analysis on revitalization movements—a phenomena recognized at archaeological sites from the Pueblo homelands to western Europe—whereby communities intentionally direct cultural change in response to social stress. We bring anthropological conceptions of revitalization into dialogue with definitions of the term enacted by indigenous communities. The study analyzes the revival of technologies associated with Skolt lifeways: a boat made of planks sewn together with pine roots, and tools used to process inner pine bark. We establish the essential role that production of material culture plays in contemporary indigenous movements, and consider these new insights to critically evaluate and build on archaeological conceptions of revitalization. Nuõrttsää'mkˇiõll (Skolt Sámi) Alggmeerlaž liikkõõzz kˇiõtt´tâʹlle kolonialiism da assimilaatio historia. Arkeoloog še lie kaunnâm nåkam proseezzid mõõnnâmääiʹjest. Leâša mâiʹd vuäitt ânn’jõž alggmeerlaž vuâsttlâʹsttmõš čuäʹjted miʹjjid seämmanallšem šõddmõõžži pirr mõõnnâmääiʹjest, da mõõn diõtt lij vääžnai raajjâd õhttvuõđ tuâl’jõž- da ânn’jõžääiʹj kõʹskˇkˇe? Ko kˇiõččâp kääuʹnid, kook lie rajjum da õnnum nåkam liikkõõzzi ääiʹj, vueiʹttep õhtteed tuâl’jõž da ânn’ jõž sosiaalaž proseezzid. Nåkam liikkõõzzi fiʹttjõõzz nâânummuž diõtt muäna tueʹjjeep ânn’jõž arkeoloog projeekt aarktlaž Lääʹddjânnam nuõrttsääʹm-meerin. Muäna kõskkeep analyysân jeäll’tummša - kååʹtt lij vuåinnum arkeolooglaž pääiʹkˇin Pueblo vuuʹdest viõstâr Euroʹppe – koin õhttsažkååʹdd åʹcce muttâz vasttõsân kulttuurlaž da sosiaal stressa. Tuʹtkˇkˇõs analysâstt sääʹmjieʹllemvuâkka õhttneei teknologia jäll’jummuž: pieʹʒʒ vueʹddivuiʹm njõʹđđum võnnâz da tuâjjneävv, koin låʹhteet pieʹʒʒ. Muäna čiõʹlǧǧeep aunnsallaš kulttuur puuttõõzz vääžnai rool alggmeerlaž liikkõõzzin tääʹl, da väʹlddep lokku täid ođđ fiʹttjõõzzid ko ärvvtõõllâp da raajjâp arkeolooglaž jurddi jeäll’tummšest. Muäna eʹtkˇkˇeep, što jeeʹres ääiʹjin da pääiʹkˇin šõddâm vuâsttlâʹsttmõõžži õhttummuš nâânad õhttvuõdid alggmeeri kõõskâst tääʹl pirr maaiʹlm.
{"title":"Archaeological ethnography of an indigenous movement: Revitalization and production in a Skolt Sámi community","authors":"M. Magnani, N. Magnani","doi":"10.1177/1469605317743809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469605317743809","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous social movements contest histories of relocation, assimilation, and inequality. Archaeologists too have identified such processes in recent and deeper time. But what can ongoing sites of indigenous resistance tell us about those of the archaeological record, and what is the value in the present of linking such phenomena through time? The production of material culture embodies the motivations and constraints of these movements. Objects made and used promise to bridge temporalities, yet have been largely overlooked by anthropologists. To strengthen the ability to theorize such movements, we carry out an archaeological ethnography with the Skolt Sámi community of Arctic Finland. We focus our analysis on revitalization movements—a phenomena recognized at archaeological sites from the Pueblo homelands to western Europe—whereby communities intentionally direct cultural change in response to social stress. We bring anthropological conceptions of revitalization into dialogue with definitions of the term enacted by indigenous communities. The study analyzes the revival of technologies associated with Skolt lifeways: a boat made of planks sewn together with pine roots, and tools used to process inner pine bark. We establish the essential role that production of material culture plays in contemporary indigenous movements, and consider these new insights to critically evaluate and build on archaeological conceptions of revitalization. Nuõrttsää'mkˇiõll (Skolt Sámi) Alggmeerlaž liikkõõzz kˇiõtt´tâʹlle kolonialiism da assimilaatio historia. Arkeoloog še lie kaunnâm nåkam proseezzid mõõnnâmääiʹjest. Leâša mâiʹd vuäitt ânn’jõž alggmeerlaž vuâsttlâʹsttmõš čuäʹjted miʹjjid seämmanallšem šõddmõõžži pirr mõõnnâmääiʹjest, da mõõn diõtt lij vääžnai raajjâd õhttvuõđ tuâl’jõž- da ânn’jõžääiʹj kõʹskˇkˇe? Ko kˇiõččâp kääuʹnid, kook lie rajjum da õnnum nåkam liikkõõzzi ääiʹj, vueiʹttep õhtteed tuâl’jõž da ânn’ jõž sosiaalaž proseezzid. Nåkam liikkõõzzi fiʹttjõõzz nâânummuž diõtt muäna tueʹjjeep ânn’jõž arkeoloog projeekt aarktlaž Lääʹddjânnam nuõrttsääʹm-meerin. Muäna kõskkeep analyysân jeäll’tummša - kååʹtt lij vuåinnum arkeolooglaž pääiʹkˇin Pueblo vuuʹdest viõstâr Euroʹppe – koin õhttsažkååʹdd åʹcce muttâz vasttõsân kulttuurlaž da sosiaal stressa. Tuʹtkˇkˇõs analysâstt sääʹmjieʹllemvuâkka õhttneei teknologia jäll’jummuž: pieʹʒʒ vueʹddivuiʹm njõʹđđum võnnâz da tuâjjneävv, koin låʹhteet pieʹʒʒ. Muäna čiõʹlǧǧeep aunnsallaš kulttuur puuttõõzz vääžnai rool alggmeerlaž liikkõõzzin tääʹl, da väʹlddep lokku täid ođđ fiʹttjõõzzid ko ärvvtõõllâp da raajjâp arkeolooglaž jurddi jeäll’tummšest. Muäna eʹtkˇkˇeep, što jeeʹres ääiʹjin da pääiʹkˇin šõddâm vuâsttlâʹsttmõõžži õhttummuš nâânad õhttvuõdid alggmeeri kõõskâst tääʹl pirr maaiʹlm.","PeriodicalId":46391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Archaeology","volume":"18 1","pages":"29 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1469605317743809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-01DOI: 10.1177/1469605317748387
Richard Tuffin, M. Gibbs, D. Roberts, Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, D. Roe, J. Steele, S. Hood, B. Godfrey
This paper presents an interdisciplinary project that uses archaeological and historical sources to explore the formation of a penal landscape in the Australian colonial context. The project focuses on the convict-period legacy of the Tasman Peninsula (Tasmania, Australia), in particular the former penal station of Port Arthur (1830–1877). The research utilises three exceptional data series to examine the impact of convict labour on landscape and the convict body: the archaeological record of the Tasman Peninsula, the life course data of the convicts and the administrative record generated by decades of convict labour management. Through these, the research seeks to demonstrate how changing ideologies affected the processes and outcomes of convict labour and its products, as well as how the landscapes we see today were formed and developed in response to a complex interplay of multi-scalar penological and economic influences. Areas of inquiry: Australian convict archaeology and history. The archaeology and history of Australian convict labour management. The archaeology and history of the Tasman Peninsula.
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