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Speech-Language Pathologists’ Perceived Competence in Working With Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Clients in the United States 语言病理学家在美国与文化和语言不同的客户工作时的感知能力
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2021-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/1525740120915205
S. Parveen, S. Santhanam
A clinician’s perceived competence determines his or her ability to attain clinical outcomes and persevere through challenging situations. This study examined the perceived competence of 337 speech-language pathologists (SLPs), including monolingual and bilingual, working with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) clients within the United States. Results indicated comparable competence levels of both monolingual and bilingual SLPs in their service delivery to monolingual English-speaking clients. However, bilingual SLPs reported significantly higher competency than monolingual SLPs while working with non-English-speaking clients in different areas of service delivery, including speech and language assessment, dealing with challenging clinical situations, and responding to questions regarding intervention outcomes. It is likely that language concordance, awareness, and understanding of linguistic and cultural expectations of non-English-speakers help surpass communication barriers leading to increased perceived competence among bilingual SLPs. This study summarizes persisting challenges in service delivery of CLD populations and possible recommendations for preservice training of SLPs.
临床医生的感知能力决定了他或她获得临床结果并在具有挑战性的情况下坚持下去的能力。这项研究调查了337名言语语言病理学家(SLP)的感知能力,包括单语和双语,他们与美国文化和语言多样性(CLD)客户合作。结果表明,单语和双语SLP在向单语英语客户提供服务方面的能力水平相当。然而,双语SLP在与非英语客户合作的不同服务领域,包括言语和语言评估、应对具有挑战性的临床情况以及回答有关干预结果的问题时,其能力明显高于单语SLP。非英语使用者的语言一致性、意识以及对语言和文化期望的理解可能有助于克服沟通障碍,从而提高双语SLP的感知能力。本研究总结了CLD人群在提供服务方面持续存在的挑战,以及SLP职前培训的可能建议。
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引用次数: 10
LSVT LOUD® Applied to an Adult With Cerebral Palsy: Acoustic Findings LSVT LOUD®应用于成人脑瘫的声学发现
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/1525740121993802
Gemma Moya-Galé, Jessica F. Galgano, Carol Ferrone, Y. M. Chang, L. Ramig
A 36-year-old female with severe spastic dysarthria participated in this study. She received 4 weeks of individual, intensive voice-focused treatment. Voice recordings were conducted at three baseline points, immediately posttreatment, and at a 4-month follow-up. The primary outcome variables were selected acoustic measures of vocal function: sound pressure level (SPL), mean fundamental frequency (F0), maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonics ratio (NHR), and maximum phonation frequency range (MPFR). Significant pre-to-posttreatment changes (p < .05) were found for most acoustic variables. All acoustic gains, except for MPFR, were maintained at the 4-month follow-up. The significant posttreatment changes in the majority of the acoustic measures analyzed suggest that intensive voice-focused treatment may have the potential to improve vocal function in adults with severe spastic dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP). Evidence-based treatment options for voice disorders in adults with CP are limited. Results emphasize the need for more studies with this population.
一名患有严重痉挛性构音障碍的36岁女性参与了这项研究。她接受了为期4周的个性化强化语音治疗。在治疗后立即和4个月随访的三个基线点进行语音记录。主要结果变量是选择发声功能的声学测量:声压级(SPL)、平均基频(F0)、最大发声时间(MPT)、抖动、微光、噪声谐波比(NHR)和最大发声频率范围(MPFR)。大多数声学变量在治疗前后都有显著变化(p<0.05)。在4个月的随访中,除MPFR外,所有声学增益均保持不变。所分析的大多数声学测量在治疗后的显著变化表明,强化以声音为中心的治疗可能有可能改善继发于脑瘫(CP)的严重痉挛性构音障碍成年人的发声功能。成人CP患者声音障碍的循证治疗选择有限。研究结果强调了对这一人群进行更多研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 3
Verbal Working Memory in Second Language Reading Comprehension: A Correlational Study 二语阅读理解中的言语工作记忆的相关研究
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2021-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/1525740121991475
Melissa J. Pretorius, M. le Roux, Salome Geertsema
This study investigated the correlation and predictive capacity of verbal working memory (VWM) to the reading comprehension of children in their first language (L1) and second language (L2). The term verbal working memory refers to a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold and manipulate verbal and auditory information temporarily. A sub-aim was to investigate the contribution of L2 linguistic knowledge in L2 reading comprehension. Sixty-three Grade 3 South African children completed a reading comprehension test and VWM assessment (forward span, backward span, and sentence repetition tasks). L2 participants completed a receptive language assessment to delineate whether their linguistic knowledge (L2 vocabulary and grammar knowledge) would be more predictive of L2 reading comprehension in comparison with VWM. Regression and correlation analyses revealed that VWM is not predictive of L1 or L2 reading comprehension. L2 linguistic knowledge, however, significantly correlates with L2 comprehension and VWM capacity, although it is not a significant predictor of L2 reading comprehension. Our findings suggest that reading in an L2 is a multidimensional skill in which no single isolated variable can account for good versus poor reading comprehension.
本研究调查了儿童第一语言(L1)和第二语言(L2)的言语工作记忆(VWM)与阅读理解的相关性和预测能力。言语工作记忆是指一种能力有限的认知系统,能够暂时掌握和操纵言语和听觉信息。研究二语语言知识在二语阅读理解中的作用。63名南非三年级儿童完成了阅读理解测试和VWM评估(前跨、后跨和句子重复任务)。二语参与者完成了接受性语言评估,以描述与VWM相比,他们的语言知识(二语词汇和语法知识)是否更能预测二语阅读理解。回归分析和相关分析表明,VWM不能预测一级或二级阅读理解。然而,二语语言知识与二语理解和VWM能力显著相关,尽管它不是二语阅读理解的显著预测因子。我们的研究结果表明,二语阅读是一种多维技能,在这种技能中,没有任何一个孤立的变量可以解释阅读理解的好坏。
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引用次数: 1
Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Adults With Complex Communication Needs: A Review of Single-Case Research 有复杂沟通需求的成年人的增强和替代沟通:个案研究综述
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/1525740121991478
Natalie R. Andzik, Yun-Ching Chung
The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature, including studies that used a single-case design (SCD) and taught augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) use to adults with complex communication needs. The purpose of this review was to describe (a) adults receiving AAC intervention, (b) components of the interventions used, and (c) how the literature met quality standards set by the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC). Across the 12 SCD studies included, a total of 28 adults with complex communication needs received intervention. As part of the intervention, the majority of the participants (n = 24; 86%) were introduced to new AAC systems (e.g., picture, communication application). Ten of 12 studies showed at least moderate evidence of effectiveness. Only three of 12 studies met the WWC standards without reservation. Findings from this review call for action to ensure quality AAC access and services are available to adults with complex communication needs.
作者对文献进行了系统回顾,包括使用单一案例设计(SCD)并向有复杂沟通需求的成年人教授增强和替代沟通(AAC)的研究。本综述的目的是描述(a)接受AAC干预的成年人,(b)使用的干预措施的组成部分,以及(c)文献如何达到What Works Clearinghouse(WWC)制定的质量标准。在包括的12项SCD研究中,共有28名有复杂沟通需求的成年人接受了干预。作为干预措施的一部分,大多数参与者(n=24;86%)被介绍到新的AAC系统(如图片、通信应用程序)。12项研究中有10项显示了至少适度的有效性证据。12项研究中只有3项毫无保留地符合WWC标准。这项审查的结果呼吁采取行动,确保有复杂沟通需求的成年人能够获得高质量的AAC接入和服务。
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引用次数: 2
Corrigendum to Effects of a Story Grammar Intervention With Repeated Retells for English Learners With Language Impairments 故事语法干预对语言障碍英语学习者重复复述效果的更正
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/1525740120960327
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引用次数: 1
Administration of the Repertory Grid Assessment Technique for Exploring Social Cognition of Individuals With Autism 库网格评估技术在自闭症个体社会认知探索中的应用
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/1525740120979915
S. Hess, Trisha Self, Anthony Dilollo
Social communication is a core deficit of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) play a key role in evaluating social skills of individuals with autism. Use of person-centered assessment tools in individuals with autism to explore social communication may facilitate improved consideration of perspectives of individuals with autism, which is critical for developing interventions and supports that align with their perspectives and values. An assessment process called the repertory grid can be used to explore one’s personal construction systems as they relate to social relationships. This article describes a process for administering this person-centered diagnostic process in individuals with autism using a semi-structured format established by Hess and colleagues. Data obtained through repertory grids may expand upon information gleaned from traditional assessment protocols when evaluating social communication strengths and challenges of individuals with autism. Furthermore, it offers clinicians and clients insight into clients’ unique personal experiences and relationships.
社会沟通是自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的核心缺陷。语言病理学家(slp)在评估自闭症个体的社交技能方面发挥着关键作用。在自闭症患者中使用以人为中心的评估工具来探索社会沟通,可能有助于改善对自闭症患者观点的考虑,这对于制定符合他们观点和价值观的干预措施和支持至关重要。一个被称为储备网格的评估过程可以用来探索一个人的个人建构系统,因为它们与社会关系有关。本文描述了在自闭症患者中使用Hess及其同事建立的半结构化格式来管理这种以人为中心的诊断过程的过程。在评估自闭症个体的社会沟通优势和挑战时,通过库存网格获得的数据可以扩展从传统评估方案中收集的信息。此外,它为临床医生和客户提供了对客户独特的个人经历和关系的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Quality of Individualized Education Program (IEP) Goals for Children With Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) 创伤性脑损伤(TBI)儿童个体化教育计划(IEP)目标的质量检验
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.1177/1525740120976113
K. Goodwin, K. Farquharson, Christina Yeager Pelatti, Whitney Schneider-Cline, Judy Harvey, E. Bush
The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the quality of Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals for students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using an empirically based rating instrument. One hundred twenty-five IEP goals for 49 students with TBI were coded using the Revised IEP/IFSP Goals and Objective Rating Instrument (R-GORI; Notari). Using this dichotomous measure, we analyzed the quality of IEP goals across six areas: observability, measurability, functionality, generalizability, application in daily tasks, and clarity of goals. On average, students had three IEP goals (range: 1–8). The average goal quality score was 3.74 (range: 1–6). While most of the goals were measurable, only a few contained details about how the goals could be generalized beyond the specific educational or therapeutic environment. These findings highlight variability in the quality of IEP goals, which may have implications to the therapeutic environment and child outcomes.
本描述性研究的目的是使用一种基于经验的评级工具来调查创伤性脑损伤(TBI)学生个性化教育计划(IEP)目标的质量。采用修订后的IEP/IFSP目标和客观评定工具(R-GORI;Notari)。使用这种两分法,我们从六个方面分析了IEP目标的质量:可观察性、可测量性、功能性、概括性、在日常任务中的应用以及目标的清晰度。学生平均有三个IEP目标(范围:1-8)。平均进球质量得分为3.74分(范围:1-6)。虽然大多数目标是可测量的,但只有少数包含了如何将目标推广到特定教育或治疗环境之外的细节。这些发现强调了IEP目标质量的可变性,这可能对治疗环境和儿童预后有影响。
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引用次数: 2
Specific EF-Related Tasks and Reading in Adolescents With Typical Hearing or a Cochlear Implant 典型听力或人工耳蜗青少年的特定ef相关任务和阅读
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/1525740120976109
M. Figueroa, N. Silvestre, S. Darbra
The acquisition of effective reading comprehension for adolescents with a cochlear implant (CI) in inclusive settings is crucial for ensuring the benefit of current traditional reading curricula and instructional practices. Executive functions (EF) are recognized as important cognitive processes during reading by students with typical hearing (TH). This study compared the relationship between EF and reading comprehension in adolescents with TH and a CI. Three tests sessions were performed on two groups of adolescents between 12 and 16 years old (36 with CI and 54 with TH). Reading comprehension was assessed by a standardized reading battery and EF by computerized tests. The results indicated that adolescents with CI perform EF tasks with a similar efficiency as the TH group, but the performance of CI group on expository texts was lower than in TH students. Reading comprehension of expository texts was related to inhibition and shifting in adolescents with CI.
在包容性环境下,人工耳蜗植入青少年获得有效的阅读理解对于确保当前传统阅读课程和教学实践的益处至关重要。执行功能是典型听力学生在阅读过程中的重要认知过程。本研究比较了青少年英语阅读与阅读理解的关系。对两组12至16岁的青少年(36例CI和54例TH)进行了三次测试。阅读理解通过标准化阅读测试和EF计算机测试进行评估。结果表明,CI组的青少年执行EF任务的效率与TH组相似,但CI组在说明文上的表现低于TH组。青少年CI患者对说明文的阅读理解与抑制和转移有关。
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引用次数: 2
Directive-Following Based on Graphic Symbol Sentences Involving an Animated Verb Symbol: An Exploratory Study 包含动动词符号的图形符号句指令跟随的探索性研究
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1177/1525740120976332
Nicole Choe, H. Shane, R. Schlosser, Charles W. Haynes, Anna A Allen
Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate poor comprehension of language at the sentence level in both the spoken modality and the graphic symbol modality. This study explored whether children with ASD are able to follow directives when presented with a graphic symbol sentence that includes an animated symbol for a verb. A total of five participants with moderate-to-severe ASD were presented with 10 graphic symbol sentences and asked to perform the directive using the provided figurines/objects. Results demonstrated that children with ASD can correctly carry out full-sentence directives to varying degrees when the directives represented graphically include an animated verb. Several observations were noted pertaining to participants’ performance and autism severity. The results of this study may have important implications for using animation as a tool to facilitate symbol syntax comprehension.
许多自闭症谱系障碍儿童在口语和图形符号两方面都表现出句子水平的语言理解能力差。这项研究探讨了自闭症儿童在看到包含动画动词符号的图形符号句子时是否能够遵循指令。总共有5名中度至重度ASD的参与者被提供了10个图形符号句子,并被要求使用提供的小雕像/物体执行指令。结果表明,当图形化的指令包含动画动词时,ASD儿童可以不同程度地正确执行整句指令。关于参与者的表现和自闭症的严重程度,我们注意到了一些观察结果。本研究的结果可能对利用动画作为促进符号语法理解的工具具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating Terminology and Promoting Evidence-Based Practice for Child Language Disorders: Challenges and Solutions for Educators 儿童语言障碍的术语导航和循证实践:教育工作者面临的挑战和解决方案
IF 0.9 4区 医学 Q4 REHABILITATION Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1177/1525740119857701
Kristen R. Victorino, Nicole Magaldi
Diagnostic labels for children with primary, or otherwise unexplained, language disorders range across settings and within the scientific literature. Among other problems, this lack of agreement creates difficulty with the successful employment of evidence-based practice. This article reviews the evolving terminology and addresses issues of inconsistency with a particular focus on instructional opportunities for students in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD). The pedagogical approach of problem-based learning (PBL) is well suited to this challenge; a structured model for instruction is reviewed and specific guidelines for educators are suggested.
原发性或其他原因不明的语言障碍儿童的诊断标签在不同的环境和科学文献中都有。在其他问题中,这种缺乏一致性给循证实践的成功应用带来了困难。本文回顾了不断发展的术语,并解决了不一致的问题,特别关注沟通科学与障碍(CSD)学生的教学机会。基于问题的学习(PBL)的教学方法非常适合这一挑战;回顾了一个结构化的教学模式,并为教育工作者提出了具体的指导方针。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Communication Disorders Quarterly
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