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A procedure to harmonize the hydrodynamic force during microbial cultivation in shaking flasks 一种在摇瓶中微生物培养过程中协调流体动力的程序
Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00099-23
Lúcia Chaves Simões, Isabel Oliveira, Anabela Borges, Inês Bezerra Gomes, Manuel Simões
ABSTRACT Shake flask cultivation is a routine technique in microbiology and biotechnology laboratories where cell growth can be affected by the hydrodynamic conditions, which depend on the agitation velocity, shaking diameter, and shake flask size. Liquid agitation is implemented inherently to increase aeration, substrate transfer to the cells, and prevent sedimentation, disregarding the role of hydrodynamics in microbial growth and metabolism. Here, we present a simple approach to help standardize the hydrodynamic forces in orbital shakers to increase the experimental accuracy and reproducibility and give students a better knowledge of the significance of the agitation process in microbial growth.
摇瓶培养是微生物学和生物技术实验室的一项常规技术,细胞生长受到流体动力条件的影响,这取决于搅拌速度、摇瓶直径和摇瓶大小。液体搅拌本质上是为了增加通气,底物转移到细胞,防止沉淀,而忽略了流体动力学在微生物生长和代谢中的作用。在这里,我们提出了一种简单的方法来帮助标准化轨道激振器中的流体动力,以提高实验的准确性和重复性,并让学生更好地了解搅拌过程在微生物生长中的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring undergraduates’ understanding of the culture of scientific research as an outcome variable in research on CUREs 测量本科生对科研文化的理解作为cure研究的结果变量
Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00187-22
Lexi Wachtell, Amanda Gardiner, Matt Sievers, Katie Dickinson, Grace E. C. Dy, Elizabeth H. Glenski, Joya Mukerji, Elli Theobald, Elisa T. Tran, Vicente Velasco, Scott Freeman
ABSTRACT Researchers who work on course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) and issues related to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) retention have begun exploring changes in student thinking about what it means to be a scientist. To support this effort, we developed rubrics to score answers to three open-response prompts: What does it mean to think like a scientist? What does it mean to do science? and Did you do real research in your coursename labs? The rubric development process was iterative and was based on input from the literature, experienced researchers, and early-career undergraduates. A post hoc analysis showed that the rubric elements map to 27 of 31 statements in the Culture of Scientific Research (CSR) framework, suggesting that scored responses to the three prompts can assess how well students understand what being a science professional entails. Scores on responses from over 400 students who were starting an introductory biology course for majors furnish baseline data from the rubrics and suggest that (i) undergraduates at this level have, as expected, a novice-level understanding of CSR, and (ii) level of understanding in novice students does not vary as a function of demography or academic preparation. Researchers and instructors are encouraged to add CSR to their list of learning objectives for CUREs and consider assessing it using the rubrics provided here.
从事基于课程的本科生研究经历(CUREs)和与科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)保留相关问题的研究人员已经开始探索学生对成为一名科学家意味着什么的思考变化。为了支持这一努力,我们制定了标准,对三个开放式回答问题的答案进行评分:像科学家一样思考意味着什么?做科学意味着什么?你在实验室里做过真正的研究吗?标题开发过程是迭代的,并基于来自文献、经验丰富的研究人员和早期职业本科生的输入。事后分析表明,标题元素映射到科学研究文化(CSR)框架中的31个陈述中的27个,这表明对三个提示的得分反应可以评估学生对科学专业人员的理解程度。对400多名开始学习专业生物学入门课程的学生的回答得分提供了基准数据,并表明(i)这一水平的本科生对企业社会责任的理解如预期的那样是初级水平,(ii)初级学生的理解水平不随人口统计学或学术准备而变化。鼓励研究人员和教师将企业社会责任添加到他们的cure学习目标列表中,并考虑使用这里提供的标准对其进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
Preprint Peer Review Enhances Undergraduate Biology Students' Disciplinary Literacy and Sense of Belonging in STEM. 预印本同行评议提高生物学本科生STEM学科素养和归属感。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00053-23
Josie L Otto, Gary S McDowell, Meena M Balgopal, Rebeccah S Lijek

Education about scientific publishing and manuscript peer review is not universally provided in undergraduate science courses. Since peer review is integral to the scientific process and central to the identity of a scientist, we envision a paradigm shift where teaching peer review becomes integral to undergraduate science education. We hypothesize that teaching undergraduates how to peer review scientific manuscripts may facilitate their development of scientific literacy and identity formation. To this end, we developed a constructivist, service-learning curriculum for biology undergraduates to learn about the mechanisms of peer review using preprints and then to write and publish their own peer reviews of preprints as a way to authentically join the scientific community of practice. The curriculum was implemented as a semester-long intervention in one class and, in another class, as an embedded module intervention. Students' scientific literacy and peer review ability were assessed using quantitative methods. Student's perceptions of their scientific literacy and identity were assessed using thematic analysis of students' reflective writing. Here, we present data on the improvement in the peer review ability of undergraduates in both classes and data on the curriculum's interrelated impact on students' development of scientific literacy, identity, and belonging in peer and professional discourse spaces. These data suggest that undergraduates can and should be trained in peer review to foster the interrelated development of their scientific literacy, scientific identity, and sense of belonging in science.

本科理科课程中并没有普遍提供关于科学出版和手稿同行评议的教育。由于同行评议是科学过程不可或缺的一部分,也是科学家身份的核心,我们设想一种范式转变,即教授同行评议成为本科科学教育不可或缺的一部分。我们假设,教授本科生如何进行科学论文的同行评议,可以促进他们科学素养的发展和身份的形成。为此,我们为生物学本科生开发了一个建构主义的服务学习课程,让他们了解使用预印本进行同行评议的机制,然后撰写并发表他们自己对预印本的同行评议,作为真正加入科学实践社区的一种方式。该课程在一个班级实施了一个学期的干预,在另一个班级实施了一个嵌入式模块干预。采用定量方法评估学生的科学素养和同行评议能力。通过对学生反思性写作的主题分析,评估学生对自己的科学素养和身份的看法。在此,我们提供了本科生在课堂上同伴评议能力的提高数据,以及课程对学生在同伴话语空间和专业话语空间中的科学素养、认同和归属感发展的相关影响数据。这些数据表明,本科生可以而且应该接受同行评议的培训,以促进他们的科学素养、科学身份和科学归属感的相互关联的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of Features across Five CURE Networks Reveals Opportunities to Improve Course Design, Instruction, and Equity. 五个CURE网络的特征分类揭示了改进课程设计、教学和公平性的机会。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00033-23
Alita R Burmeister, Melanie Bauer, Mark J Graham

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are tools used to introduce students to authentic participation in science. Several specific CUREs have been shown to benefit students' interest and retention in the biological sciences. Nevertheless, CUREs vary greatly in terms of their context, methodology, and degree of research authenticity, so different types of CUREs may differently influence student outcomes. This programmatic diversity poses a challenge to educators who want to better understand which course components and features are reliably present in a CURE curriculum. To address these issues, we identified, catalogued, and classified 112 potential features of CUREs across the biosciences. To develop the list, we interviewed instructors experienced with teaching individual and large networked CUREs across a diversity of the biological disciplines, including: Squirrel-Net (field-based animal behavior), SEA-PHAGES (wet lab microbiology and computational microbiology), Tiny Earth (environmental and wet lab microbiology), PARE (environmental microbiology), and the Genomics Education Partnership (eukaryotic computational biology). Twenty-five interviewees contributed expert content in terms of CURE features and classification of those items into an organized list. The resulting list's categories encompasses student experiences with the following: (i) the scientific process; (ii) technical aspects of science; (iii) the professional development associated with research; and (iv) building scientific identity. The most striking insight was that CUREs vary widely in terms of which features they contain, since different CUREs will by necessity have different approaches to science and student involvement. We also identified several features commonly thought to be crucial to CUREs yet have ambiguous definitions. This ambiguity can potentially confound efforts to make CUREs research-authentic and aligned with the central goals of science. We disambiguate these terms and represent their varied meanings throughout the classification. We also provide instructor-friendly supplementary worksheets along with considerations for instructors interested in expanding their CURE course design, instruction, and equity.

基于课程的本科生研究经验(CUREs)是用来向学生介绍真实参与科学的工具。一些具体的治疗方法已被证明有利于学生对生物科学的兴趣和保留。然而,治疗在其背景、方法和研究真实性程度方面差异很大,因此不同类型的治疗可能会对学生的结果产生不同的影响。对于想要更好地理解哪些课程组成部分和特征在CURE课程中可靠呈现的教育者来说,这种编程多样性提出了挑战。为了解决这些问题,我们确定、编目和分类了生物科学领域112种cure的潜在特征。为了编制这份清单,我们采访了在多种生物学科中教授个体和大型网络治疗的经验丰富的教师,包括:Squirrel-Net(野外动物行为学)、SEA-PHAGES(湿实验室微生物学和计算微生物学)、Tiny Earth(环境和湿实验室微生物学)、PARE(环境微生物学)和基因组学教育伙伴关系(真核计算生物学)。25位受访者提供了关于CURE特征的专家内容,并将这些项目分类为一个有组织的列表。结果列表的类别包括以下学生体验:(i)科学过程;(ii)科学的技术方面;(iii)与研究相关的专业发展;(四)建立科学认同。最引人注目的发现是,不同的治疗方法在其包含的特征方面差异很大,因为不同的治疗方法必然有不同的科学方法和学生参与。我们还确定了几个通常被认为对治愈至关重要但定义模糊的特征。这种模糊性可能会使使CUREs具有研究真实性并与科学的中心目标保持一致的努力变得混乱。我们消除这些术语的歧义,并在整个分类中表示它们的不同含义。我们还提供了教师友好的补充工作表以及对扩展他们的CURE课程设计,教学和公平感兴趣的教师的考虑。
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引用次数: 0
Microbiology at Home (M@H): an Online, Self-Paced Solution To Enhance Practical Skills in Foundation Microbiology. 家庭微生物学(M@H):一个在线的,自定进度的解决方案,以提高基础微生物学的实践技能。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00024-23
Gal Winter, Natkunam Ketheesan

The online education market share is rapidly increasing, raising the demand to teach sciences outside the laboratory environment. Here, we present Microbiology at Home (M@H), a new approach that integrates hands-on microbiology experimentation with online interactive simulations using authentic scenarios in microbiology in the home environment. The M@H program includes 8 practical activities aligned to the ASM curriculum for practical skills. M@H kits are mailed to students, and each practical activity is prepacked individually with the required consumables, including microbial culture media to prepare at home using a microwave. These practicals are self-paced, and each activity is facilitated using a two-dimensional simulation package with prerecorded videos, protocols, and interactive activities. The students receive both synchronous and asynchronous support and guidance through online learning management systems fora and virtual gatherings. The M@H program was applied to an Introductory Microbiology cohort at the University of New England in 2020 and 2021. Based on student feedback, the experience not only provided real hands-on practice in microbiology but also acted to cement the engagement with the content by contextualizing it to the surrounding home environment. We anticipate that these activities will provide a way to successfully engage students with hands-on microbiology without the need for actual laboratory attendance, thus increasing accessibility to microbial protocols and applications.

在线教育市场份额正在迅速增加,这提高了在实验室环境之外教授科学的需求。在这里,我们介绍了家庭微生物学(M@H),这是一种将动手微生物学实验与在线互动模拟结合起来的新方法,使用家庭环境中微生物学的真实场景。M@H课程包括8项与ASM实践技能课程相一致的实践活动。M@H工具包邮寄给学生,每个实践活动都预先包装好所需的消耗品,包括在家用微波炉准备的微生物培养基。这些实践是自定节奏的,每个活动都使用预先录制的视频、协议和互动活动的二维模拟包来促进。学生通过在线学习管理系统、论坛和虚拟聚会获得同步和异步的支持和指导。M@H项目于2020年和2021年应用于新英格兰大学的微生物学入门队列。根据学生的反馈,这次体验不仅提供了微生物学的实际实践,而且通过将其与周围的家庭环境相结合,加强了对内容的参与。我们预计这些活动将提供一种方法,成功地吸引学生动手微生物学,而不需要实际的实验室出席,从而增加微生物协议和应用的可及性。
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引用次数: 0
Specifications Grading Is an Effective Approach to Teaching Biochemistry. 规范评分是生物化学教学的有效手段。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00236-22
Justin J Donato, Thomas C Marsh

Specifications grading is a relatively recent approach to assessing student learning. In this approach, students make progress toward completion of a course by demonstrating mastery of specific skills or material. The assessment tools are short, frequent exercises that can be attempted multiple times until mastered. This contrasts with the traditional, exam-based assessment of student learning. There are multiple benefits to the specifications grading-based strategy, including reduced test anxiety, better knowledge retention, and increased flexibility. In this study, specifications grading was implemented into an upper-level biochemistry course at a private, liberal arts university. The student cohort consisted almost exclusively of junior and senior biochemistry, biology, and chemistry majors. Students earned points for demonstrating mastery on each of 12 short quizzes in addition to points earned from laboratory exercises and on the cumulative final exam. Student attitudes were assessed using three surveys that were administered at the beginning, middle, and end of the course. The survey results indicated that the students had overall favorable opinions of the specifications grading approach and its use in this course. A comparison of student performance on the quizzes to their performance on the final exam showed that the students learned and retained the course material. Combining the survey and performance data, we demonstrated that the students' perceptions of their learning correlated well with their performances on the specifications grading tools. Together, these results indicated that specifications grading is an effective approach to assessing student learning and to maintaining student enthusiasm in an upper-level biochemistry course.

规格评分是一种相对较新的评估学生学习的方法。在这种方法中,学生通过展示对特定技能或材料的掌握来完成课程。评估工具是简短的,频繁的练习,可以尝试多次,直到掌握。这与传统的、以考试为基础的学生学习评估形成了对比。规范基于评分的策略有很多好处,包括减少考试焦虑、更好地保留知识和增加灵活性。在本研究中,规范评分在一所私立文理大学的高级生物化学课程中实施。学生群体几乎完全由大三和大四的生物化学、生物学和化学专业的学生组成。除了实验室练习和期末考试的积分外,学生们还可以通过12个小测验中的每一个获得分数。学生的态度是通过在课程开始、中期和结束时进行的三次调查来评估的。调查结果显示,学生对规格评分方法及其在本课程中的使用总体上持赞成态度。学生在小测验中的表现与期末考试的表现的比较表明,学生学习并保留了课程材料。结合调查和成绩数据,我们证明了学生对学习的感知与他们在规格评分工具上的表现具有良好的相关性。综上所述,这些结果表明,规范评分是评估学生学习和保持学生对高级生物化学课程热情的有效方法。
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引用次数: 2
A Scaffolded Module to Improve Scientific Literacy by Engaging Students with Primary Literature Using the Instructor's Research Experience. 一个脚手架模块,以提高科学素养的学生与主要文献利用教师的研究经验。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00177-22
Natalie April van Breukelen

To improve students' scientific literacy, I designed a learning module that built upon my personal research experience and interest to actively engage students in reading primary literature. Here, I describe the scaffolded procedure in six steps, each linked to a learning outcome and assessment using Bloom's taxonomy as a framework of increasing from lower-order to higher-order cognition: (i) storytelling and discussion, i.e., remember; (ii) guided reading, i.e., understand; (iii) group reading, i.e., apply; (iv) shared reading, i.e., analyze; (v) self-selected reading, i.e., evaluate; and (vi) research proposal, i.e., create. By using my personal science story as introduction and foundation, students were able to connect to the content and consider the importance of the process of science. By providing a scaffolded introduction and guided support, students were able to read primary literature with less frustration and with greater confidence. I assessed these activities to determine if they increased student engagement and student confidence in reading peer-reviewed scientific papers. Students completed a survey rating their confidence reading scientific papers on a scale of 1 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Reported confidence increased following the activities (mean of 1.9 before to 3.2 after) and activities were rated as helpful (mean of 3.1). These activities can be applied to most fields of research, allowing faculty at nonresearch institutions the opportunity to incorporate their research into teaching while achieving successful general education outcomes.

为了提高学生的科学素养,我结合自己的研究经验和兴趣,设计了一个学习模块,让学生积极参与初级文献的阅读。在这里,我用六个步骤来描述这个脚手架式的过程,每个步骤都与学习结果和评估相关联,使用Bloom的分类法作为从低阶认知到高阶认知的框架:(I)讲故事和讨论,即记住;(二)引导阅读,即理解;(iii)小组阅读,即应用;(四)共享阅读,即分析;(v)自选阅读,即评价;(六)研究计划,即创作。通过我个人的科学故事作为介绍和基础,学生能够与内容联系起来,并考虑科学过程的重要性。通过提供一个框架式的介绍和指导支持,学生们能够更少地沮丧和更有信心地阅读初级文献。我对这些活动进行了评估,以确定它们是否提高了学生在阅读同行评议的科学论文时的参与度和信心。学生们完成了一项调查,对他们阅读科学论文的信心进行了打分,从1分(一点也不)到4分(非常)。报告的信心在活动后增加(平均1.9到3.2),活动被评为有帮助(平均3.1)。这些活动可以应用于大多数研究领域,使非研究机构的教师有机会将他们的研究纳入教学,同时取得成功的通识教育成果。
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引用次数: 0
Hybrid Inquiry-Based Laboratory Curriculum Highlights Scientific Method Using Bacterial Conjugation as a Model. 混合型探究式实验课程强调以细菌偶联为模型的科学方法。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00237-22
Joan E Klages, Srishti Baid, Emily G Giri, Dyan E Morgan, Eileen M Hotze

Undergraduate microbiology students are exposed to the theory of the scientific method throughout their undergraduate coursework, but laboratory course curricula often focus on technical skills rather than fully integrating scientific thinking as a component of competencies addressed. Here, we have designed a six-session inquiry-based laboratory (IBL) curriculum for an upper-level microbiology laboratory course that fully involves students in the scientific process using bacterial conjugation as the model system, including both online discussions and in-person laboratory sessions. The student learning objectives focus on the scientific method, experimental design, data analysis, bacterial conjugation mechanisms, and scientific communication. We hypothesized students would meet these learning objectives after completing this IBL and tracked student learning and surveyed students to provide an assessment of the structure of the IBL using pre- and post-IBL quizzes and the Laboratory Course Assessment Survey. Overall, our results show this IBL results in positive student learning gains.

微生物学本科学生在整个本科课程中都接触到科学方法的理论,但实验室课程通常侧重于技术技能,而不是将科学思维作为能力的组成部分进行充分整合。在这里,我们为一门高级微生物学实验课程设计了六节研究性实验室(IBL)课程,以细菌偶联为模型系统,让学生充分参与科学过程,包括在线讨论和现场实验。学生的学习目标集中在科学方法、实验设计、数据分析、细菌结合机制和科学交流。我们假设学生在完成IBL后会达到这些学习目标,并跟踪学生的学习情况,并通过IBL前后测验和实验课程评估调查对学生的IBL结构进行调查。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,这种IBL导致了积极的学生学习收益。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesizing Research Narratives to Reveal the Big Picture: a CREATE(S) Intervention Modified for Journal Club Improves Undergraduate Science Literacy. 综合研究叙事揭示大局观:对学报社的CREATE(S)干预改进提高大学生科学素养。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00055-23
Emma C Goodwin, Casey Shapiro, Amanda C Freise, Brit Toven-Lindsey, Jordan Moberg Parker

Communicating science effectively is an essential part of the development of science literacy. Research has shown that introducing primary scientific literature through journal clubs can improve student learning outcomes, including increased scientific knowledge. However, without scaffolding, students can miss more complex aspects of science literacy, including how to analyze and present scientific data. In this study, we apply a modified CREATE(S) process (Concept map the introduction, Read methods and results, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze data, Think of the next Experiment, and Synthesis map) to improve students' science literacy skills, specifically their understanding of the process of science and their ability to use narrative synthesis to communicate science. We tested this hypothesis using a retrospective quasi-experimental study design in upper-division undergraduate courses. We compared learning outcomes for CREATES intervention students to those for students who took the same courses before CREATES was introduced. Rubric-guided, direct evidence assessments were used to measure student gains in learning outcomes. Analyses revealed that CREATES intervention students versus the comparison group demonstrated improved ability to interpret and communicate primary literature, especially in the methods, hypotheses, and narrative synthesis learning outcome categories. Through a mixed-methods analysis of a reflection assignment completed by the CREATES intervention group, students reported the synthesis map as the most frequently used step in the process and highly valuable to their learning. Taken together, the study demonstrates how this modified CREATES process can foster scientific literacy development and how it could be applied in science, technology, engineering, and math journal clubs.

科学的有效传播是科学素养培养的重要组成部分。研究表明,通过期刊俱乐部介绍初级科学文献可以改善学生的学习成果,包括增加科学知识。然而,如果没有脚手架,学生可能会错过科学素养中更复杂的方面,包括如何分析和呈现科学数据。在本研究中,我们采用改进的CREATE(S)过程(概念图介绍、阅读方法和结果、阐明假设、分析数据、思考下一个实验和综合图)来提高学生的科学素养技能,特别是他们对科学过程的理解和使用叙事综合来传达科学的能力。我们在高年级本科课程中采用回顾性准实验研究设计来检验这一假设。我们比较了create干预学生的学习结果与在create引入之前参加相同课程的学生的学习结果。使用规则指导的直接证据评估来衡量学生在学习成果方面的收获。分析显示,与对照组相比,create干预组的学生在解释和交流原始文献方面表现出更高的能力,特别是在方法、假设和叙事综合学习结果类别方面。通过对由create干预小组完成的反思作业的混合方法分析,学生们报告说,综合图是这个过程中最常用的步骤,对他们的学习非常有价值。总而言之,该研究展示了这种改进的create过程如何促进科学素养的发展,以及如何将其应用于科学、技术、工程和数学期刊俱乐部。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Your Own Inner Landscape as a Pathway to Becoming a More Skillful Science Educator. 了解你自己的内在风景,成为一个更熟练的科学教育者的途径。
IF 1.9 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00056-23
Naowarat Cheeptham
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
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